International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Review on Electric Vehicles and Their Components Nitish Kumar Dubey1, Shivashish Shukla2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------motorcycles are proposed. It is equipped with two sources Abstract - This is a review paper on various types of electric vehicles and their components. It is clear that electric vehicles are the future of the automobile industry because their uses of them are environment friendly; they do not emit harmful gasses and save fossil fuel. In this paper, we studied various research papers which clarify the concept of electric vehicles. This paper clears about the motor selection, battery selection, safety measures, sensor development, and battery management for electric vehicles.
Key Words: Electric vehicles, Components of electric vehicles, Hybrid electric vehicles, Sensor development, Battery management system, Manufacturing of electric vehicles, Electric motors.
1. INTRODUCTION Electric vehicles are the future of the automobile industry either for personal use or for transportation use. Various researches are going on electric vehicles to develop and enhance their efficiency of electric vehicles. Development and experiments on the different parts of an electric vehicle are going on to increase its overall efficiency of it. The components used in electric vehicles like electric motors, battery packs, converters, chargers, controllers, thermal systems, battery management systems, transmission systems, etc. We know electric vehicles do not emit any harmful gasses therefore it keeps the environment green and clean. In markets, the demand for electric vehicles is rising day by day to meet the requirement of a market company that is manufacturing electric vehicles in huge amounts. The demand of customers to companies is low cost, low maintenance, high speed, and long-range; this can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of each component and using the most suitable type of part for Electric vehicles. The choice of battery for the electric vehicle plays an important role. The proper selection of batteries, their periodic maintenance, and proper battery management system can improve efficiency. The selection of electric motors and types of motors that are suitable for use increases the efficiency of electric vehicles.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW Bo-chiuan Chen etal. [1] A hybrid electric motorcycle (HEM) with a direct driven wheel motor is proposed in this paper. Sometimes in hilly areas, the motor of an electric vehicle cannot provide sufficient power to climb in that area, Therefore people in this type of area avoid the use of electric vehicles. To overcome this problem hybrid electric
© 2022, IRJET
| Impact Factor value: 7.529 |
of force, the first an internal combustion (IC) engine and the second is an electric motor. A hybrid electric motorcycle is a parallel configuration when required both the wheels can provide a tractive force to an electric vehicle. The front wheel is driven by a direct driven wheel motor which is powered by a battery source. The rear wheel is driven by an internal combustion engine which is a 100 cc four-stroke engine. A 1300-watt permanent magnet DC motor is used with a four lead-acid battery to provide power to electric vehicles. The fuel consumption is improved by about 11.6 % as compared to the traditional motorcycle but the proposed design is heavier than the traditional one. Hiroshi Shimizu etal. [2] In this paper, the concept of an energy-saving electric vehicle (ESEV) is used. Energysaving electric vehicles are developed by using simulation, A brushless motor, and the direct drive motor is used in this vehicle. The battery used in this is a conventional lead acid battery and the range of the battery is improved by applying various techniques. The tires used in ESEV are the low rolling drag type, by using this the range improvement rate is as small as 30%. The weight of the vehicle is less. A low air drag body and regenerative braking system are used in this vehicle. Pulse width modulation is used to control the speed of the motor and power MOSFET is used as a switching device. The acceleration time of ESEV for 0-30 km/hr is 6.5 seconds and has a maximum velocity of 55 km/hr. At 30 km/hr constant speed it gives a range of 56 km and in the city range is 34 km. In this paper, it is shown that by introducing new concepts performance of EVs is increased. Johann Willberg et al. [3] In this paper identification of a suitable electric motor type for wheel hub application is done. The experimental study of different types of electric motors which are used in a wheel hub applications. The comparison of energy consumption of an induction motor (IM), the synchronous motor with surface mount magnets (SPM), and the synchronous motor with an interior mounted magnets (IPM) at different driving cycles is done. Each motor has a different characteristic like torque density, efficiency at potential load and full load, torque ripple, noise impact, overload capacity, maximum velocity, robustness, reliability, and cost. This paper does not focus on each difference of motors, it focuses on the efficiency aspects of each suitable
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |
Page 1190