EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FLAX FIBRE AND TILE POWDER AS PARTIALREPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN M25 GRAD

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FLAX FIBRE AND TILE POWDER AS PARTIALREPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN M25 GRADE CONCRETE

Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, India.

Abstract –

Many types of fibres, including some natural fibres, have been used extensively in architectural applications. An important use of the mechanical properties of natural fibres is for tensile reinforcement and volume filling within the matrix of a composite material; cementitious, polymeric, earthy, or other type. Natural fibres provide a readily available and less expensive source of mechanically useful cellulose. And the tile industry inevitably produces waste, regardless of improvements in manufacturing processes. In the tile industry, 15% to 30% of production is wasted. These residues are currently a problem in society and require appropriate disposal methods to achieve sustainable development. In this work, the behaviour of concrete by partial replacement of cement with flax fibres and tile powder in the range of 5%, 10% and 15% for M25 concrete is studied and tested and compared with conventional concrete. Compression, split tensile and flexural strength are performed at 7, 14 and 28 days. Test results show that flax fibre, tile powder and a combination of flax fibre and tile powder have higher strengths at 10% replacement of concrete without affecting the properties of Grade M25 concrete.

Key Words: Natural fibre, Tile powder, flax fibre

1. MATERIALS USED

1.1 Cement

Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade cement according to IS 8112:1989 is used in this study. The cement has specific gravity 3.14. The initial setting time and final settingtimearefoundtobe30minutesand600minutes respectively.

1.2 Flax Fibre

The Flax fiber reinforced concrete (FFFRC) contains randomly distributedshortdiscreteFlaxfibersanditact asinternalreinforcementsoastoenhancetheproperties of the cementitious composite concrete. fiber having different lengths available such as 10 mm, 12mm, 24mm, 40mm etc. In this study the Flax fibers with 10mmlengthisused.

1.3 Tile powder

This waste was collected in the form of pest and after drying, hand crushing, and sieving through #300 micronsievesitcanbeusedasreplacementincement in concrete. The tile dust is obtained from ceramics. The tile dusthasspecific gravity2.62andthe fineness isfoundtobe7.5%.

1.4 Fine aggregates

The locally available river sand conforming to zone-II of IS 383-1970 is used as fine aggregate. The specific gravity of sand is 2.7 and fineness modulus is 2.5. The bulk density value is obtained as 1718 Kg/m3 and waterabsorptionis0.2%.

1.5 Coarse aggregates

The locally available crushed granite stone is used as coarse aggregate. The coarse aggregate with a maximum size 20mm having a specific gravity 2.7 and finenessmodulusof7.5isused.Thebulkdensityvalue obtained is 1605 Kg/m3 respectively and water absorptionis2.4%.Thecoarseaggregatewithasizeof 10mm having specific gravity 2.76 and fineness modulus of 6.073 is used. The bulk density and water absorptionvaluesobtainedare1561kg/m3and0.4%.

1.6 Water

Fresh and clean water is used for casting of specimen. The water has relatively lesser amount of organic matters,silt,oil,sugar,chloride,and acidicmaterial as per requirements of Indian standard. Cement paste is formed by combining water with a cementitious material by the process of hydration. Cement paste glues the aggregates together fills voids within it, and makesfloorfreely.W/cratioismaintainedat0.45.

2. METHODOLOGY

FlaxFibre,Tilepowderand a mixture ofFlaxfibreandtilepowderareusedasareplacement forcementandtheevaluationbeginswiththeconcrete testing. With the conventional concrete, 5%, 10% and 15% of the Flax Fibre, Tile powder and a mixture of

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Flaxfibreandtilepowderarereplacedwithcement.The results of Flax Fibre, Tile powder and a mixture of Flax fibre and tile powder concrete are compared with the results of conventional concrete. 3 trails are conducted for each proportion of Flax Fibre, Tile powder and a mixture of Flax fibre and tile powder i.e. for every replacement. After 1 day the specimens are demoulded and curing was continued till the specimens were tested after7,14and28daysforcompression,splittensileand flexuralstrengths.

2.1. PROCEDURE

1. Physical Property of Material:

Experiments will be used to establish physical properties such as colour, specific gravity, initialsettingtime,moisturecontent,andsoon.

2. Mixing Procedure:

Concrete is to be created by Mix Design according to IS Code for this experimental investigation. Concrete should be prepared in particularproportionsandw/cratiosforthecurrent study, with Coconut Shell Carbon Powder added as 1% of cement weight by increments. By calculating mixdesignmanuallywegotratioas1:1.46:2.61for 0.45watercementratio.

3. Moulding Process:

Concrete mixer moulded in 150*150*150 mm3 cubes. In all, 90 cubes should be formed,with20cubesexaminedateachintervalof7, 14and28days.

4.

Mould Removal:

The concrete hardened after 24 hours andthenthemouldsareremoved.

5. Curing:

Concrete cubes are typically cured in fresh water at room temperature for 7 to 28 days.

6. Testing Process:

Toestablishthephysicalpropertiesof the material, specific gravity of cement, initial setting time, moisture content and standard consistency should be determined.Compressive strength testing, Split tensile strength test was to be performed using a CTM machine & Flexural strengthtestwasdonebyusingLoadingFrame.

3. TESTING OF SPECIMENS

Specimensweretestedafter7,14,and 28 days of cure following casting. The technique for testing specimens is described in this article for assessing different qualities such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength.

3.1.

RESULTS OF SLUMP TEST

MIX FF&TP Replacement Slump Value (mm)

Conventionalconcrete M0 0% 65 FlaxfibreRCC M1 5% 66 M2 10% 71 M3 15% 68 TilepowderRCC M4 5% 67 M5 10% 75 M6 15% 70 Table3.1:ResultofSlumps Fig3.1-ResultsofSlumpValue

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3.2. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

Nine cubes sized 150mm x 150mm x 150mm of nominal mix were casted & cured to be tested at 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. But Nine cubes of each trail mix for partial replacement of coconut shell carbon powder concrete were casted and tested at 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. Details the values of compressive strength for different batches.

Table3.2-CompressivestrengthResults

MIX FF REPLAC EMENT

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH for flax fibre(N/mm2)

7Days 14Days 28Days

M0 0% 17.42 26.48 30.89

M1 5% 19.04 26.3 30.23

M2 10% 20.54 28.36 32.6 M3 15% 19.78 27.31 31.4

Table3.2.1–FlaxFibreCompressivestrength

Fig3.2.2–ResultofCompressivestrength 1.1. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST

Six cubes sized 150mm x 300mm cylinder of nominal mixwerecasted&curedtobetestedat7,and28days respectively. But Six cylinders of each trail mix for partial replacement of coconut shell carbon powder concrete were casted and tested at 7 and 28 days respectively.Detailsthevaluesofsplittensilestrength fordifferentbatches.

Table3.3–SplittensilestrengthResults

MIX FF REPLACEME NT

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(N/mm2) 7Days 28Days

M0 0% 1.81 2.97 M1 5% 1.86 2.96 M2 10% 2.27 3.6 M3 15% 1.95 3.1

Table3.3.1

Fig3.2.1Flaxfibrecompressivestrength

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1.1. FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST

Six bars sized 750mm x 100mm x 100mmbarsofnominalmixwerecasted&curedtobe tested at 7, and 28 days respectively. But Six bars of each trail mix for partial replacement of coconut shell carbon powder concrete were casted and tested at 7 and28 days respectively.Detailsthe valuesof flexural strengthfordifferentbatches.

MIX FF REPLACE MENT

Fig3.3.1-Flaxfibresplittensilestrength

MIX TP REPLACEME NT

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH(N/mm2)

7Days 28Days

M4 5% 1.97 3.12

M5 10% 2.49 3.95

M6 15% 2.3 3.65

Table3.3.1–Tilepowdersplittensilestrength

Fig3.3.1–Tilepowdersplittensilestrength

FLEXURAL STRENGTH(N/mm2)

7Days 28Days

M0 0% 2.51 3.98

M1 5% 2.53 4.01

M2 10% 3.09 4.9

M3 15% 2.72 4.32

Table3.4.1–FlaxFibreFlexuralstrength

Fig3.4.1-FlaxFibreFlexuralstrength

MIX TP REPLACEME NT

FLEXURAL STRENGTH(N/mm2) 7Days 28Days M4 5% 3.14 4.98 M5 10% 3.48 5.53 M6 15% 3.27 5.19

Table3.4.2–TilepowderFlexuralstrength

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3. A.BledzkiandJ.Gassan, Prog.Polym.Sci.,24, 221(1999).

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6. Thomas J (2002) Silicon. Benchmark Books, MarshallCavendish,NewYork,NY

7. Brook MA (2000) Silicon in organic, organometallic, and polymer chemistry. Wiley,NewYork,NY

Fig3.4.2

–

TilepowderFlexuralstrength

4. CONCLUSIONS

Post completion with this investigation, the following findingswerereached: 

Workability is observed at increased with the addition of Flaxfiber. 

Workability is observed at increased with the addition of TilePowder.

8. Hull D, ClyneTW (1996) An introduction to composite materials. Cambridge UniversityPress

9. Bledzki AK, Reinhmane S, Gassan J (1998) Thermoplastics reinforced with woodfillers. PolymPlastTechnolEng37:451–468

10. Chawla KK (1987) Composite materials. Science and engineering. Springer, New York,NY



Maximum compressive strength value was observe at0.45 w/cratioof10% of Flax fiber.



Maximum compressive strength value was observe at 0.45 w/c ratio of 10% of Tile Powder.



Maximum Split tensile strength value was observe at 0.45 w/c ratio of10% Flaxfiber.



Maximum Split tensile strength value was observe at 0.45 w/c ratio of10% TilePowder.



Maximum Flexural strength value was observe at 0.45w/cratioof10%Flaxfiber.



Maximum Flexural strength value was observe at 0.45w/cratioof10%TilePowder.

5. REFERENCES

1. L. Ghali, M. Aloui, M. Zidi, H. Bendaly, S. M'sahli, and F. Sakli, BioResources, 6, 3836 (2011).

2. S. Saw, R. Puwar, S. Nandy, J. Ghose, and G. Sarkhel,BioResources,8,4805(2013).