International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CYLINDER 4-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE WITH MODIFIED
PISTON
1Dr HIREGOUDAR YERRENAGOUDARU, 2SHADAB KHAN, 3 SUHAS BHAT, 4MOHAMMED SAIFUDDIN.
1,2,3,4 Rao Bahadur Y Mahaballeswarappa Engineering Collage Ballari 583104 ***
Abstract – Experimentally, the effect of piston shape and swirl intensity on the performance of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine was explored. To create optimal swirl for better fuel-air mixing, changes in piston geometry have been recommended. The shape of the combustion chamber, as well as the fuel spraying and mixing process, has a big impact on diesel engine combustion and emissions. For diesel engines, in-cylinder air motion governs both air–fuel mixing and combustion, which is characterized by swirl and turbulence. A modified piston was used to assess the overall performance of a DI diesel engine. Furthermore, the engine's performance was compared for modified piston with convectional diesel. When compared to a regular piston, the modified piston enhanced brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption for the same operating conditions. Both standard and modified pistons have their HC, CO, and NOx emissions measured.
Key Words: Engine piston modification, Diesel
1. INTRODUCTION
Internal combustion engines (ICE)are the most common form ofheat engines, as they are used in vehicles, boats, ships, airplanes,andtrains.Theyarenamedassuchbecausethefuelisignitedinordertodoworkinsidetheengine.[1]Thesamefuel andairmixtureisthenemittedasexhaust.Thiscanbedoneusingapiston(calledareciprocatingengine),orwithaturbine.
2. ENGINE SPECIFICATION
Engine Details:
ICEnginesetupundertestisResearchDieselhavingpower3.50kW@1500rpmwhichis1Cylinder,Fourstroke,Constant Speed, Water Cooled, Diesel Engine, with Cylinder Bore 87.50(mm), Stroke Length 110.00(mm), Connecting Rod length 234.00(mm),CompressionRatio18.00,Sweptvolume661.45(cc)
Combustion Parameters:
SpecificGasConst(kJ/kgK):1.00,AirDensity(kg/m^3):1.17,AdiabaticIndex:1.41,PolytrophicIndex:1.20,NumberOf Cycles:10,CylinderPressureReferance: 5,Smoothing2,TDCReference:0
Performance Parameters:
OrificeDiameter(mm):20.00,OrificeCoeff.OfDischarge:0.60,DynamometerArmLegnth(mm):185,FuelPipedia(mm): 12.40,AmbientTemp.(DegC):27,PulsesPerrevolution:360,FuelType:Diesel,FuelDensity(Kg/m^3):830,CalorificValue OfFuel(kj/kg):42000
3. DESIGN AND MODIFICATION
PistonDetails:
PistonDimensionsPistondiameter:87.5mmPistonbowldiameter:52mmPistonlength:100mm.
3.1 Modified 3D models:
The piston is a critical component in internal combustion engines. It turns heat energy into mechanical power through a reciprocatingmotion.Whentheengineproducespower,itgoesupanddowninsidethecylinder.Thepiston'sjobistostopgases
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2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
fromexpandingandsendingthemtothecrankshaft.Theforceoftheexplosionistransferredtothecrankshaft,whichrotatesas aresult.
Fig.1-Modifiedpistonof2cutoutsand2protrusionsonpistonandpistonbowl
4. EXPERIMENTATION SETUP
Fig.2-Experimentalsetup
4.1 The Testing set-up consists of:
1. Fourstrokedieselenginewithsinglecylinder. 2. Eddycurrentinjectionkitforcurrentloading. 3. Transmittersareusedformeasuringfuelflowandairflow. 4. Rotametersareusedformeasuringcooling. 5. Fuelmeasurementunitandfueltank. 6. Adeviceforemissiontesting.
4.2 Procedure for Testing:
1. Fillthefueltankwithdiesel. 2. Checkflowofcoolingwatertotheengine. 3. Keeploadofengineat0Kg. 4. PutONthemainsupply. 5. Forinitialcondition,runtheengineat0kgandtabulatethereadings. 6. Graduallyincreasetheloadinstepsof2Kgsandtabulatethereadings
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
5. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
5.1Performance
5.1.1
Load vs Brake thermal efficiency
Chart -1:LoadvsBTHE
Inference: BrakethermalefficiencydependsonBrakepowerandspecificfuelconsumption.HereSpecificfuelconsumptionis increasinginanenginewithmodifiedpistonastheflowoffuelismorethanair.Hencebrakethermalefficiencyisincreasing withincreasingload.Brakethermalefficiencyisnearlysameasthatofdiesel.
5.1.2 Load vs Specific fuel consumption
Chart2 -:LoadvsSFC
Inference: Thespecificfuelconsumptionofconventionaldieselengineislowerthanthatofenginewithmodifiedpiston.This isbecauseofthehigherviscosityandpoormixtureformation
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5.1.3 Load vs Indicated thermal efficiency
Chart -3:LoadvsITHE
Inference: Indicatedthermalefficiencydependsontheindicatedpowerwhichinturndependsontheindicatedmeaneffective pressure.Indicatedmeaneffectivepressureistheaveragepressureinthecylinderforacompleteenginecycle.Asindicated meaneffectivepressureismorefordieselenginewithmodifiedpistonindicatedthermalefficiencyatlowload&moreasload increases.
5.1.4 Load vs Mechanical efficiency
Chart -4:LoadvsMech_Eff
Inference: Mechanicalefficiencyisobtainedbytheratioofbrakepowertotheindicatedpower.Astheindicatedpoweris increasinginanenginewithmodifiedpistonwithbiodieselhencemechanicalefficiencyisdecreasing.
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5.1.5
Load vs A/F Ratio
Chart
-5:LoadvsA/Fratio
Inference: Theairfuelratioislessinconventionaldieselengineanditisincreasinginanenginewithmodifiedpistonbecause oflessairflowresultinginrichmixture
5.2 Emissions
5.2.1 Load vs CO Emission
Chart -6:COEmissions
Inference: Higherfuel/airratiocausestheemissionofCO.DuringtheinitialloadstheCOemissionsarecomparativelysmall andthereisslightdifferencebetweendifferencesetups.Butathigherloadsitisincreasingbecausewithincreaseintheload thefuel/airrationincreasesThiscausesrichfuel/airmixturehenceresultinginCarbonmonoxideemissions
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
5.2.2
Load vs HC Emission
Chart -7:HCEmissions
Inference: Higherfuel/airratiocausestheemissionofHC.DuringtheinitialloadstheHCemissionsarecomparativelysmall andthereisslightdifferencebetweendifferencesetups.Butathigherloadsitisincreasingbecausewithincreaseintheload thefuel/airrationincreasesThiscausesrichfuel/airmixturehenceresultinginhydrocarbonemissions
5.2.3 Load vs CO2 emission
Chart -8:CO2
Emissions
Inference: Thecombustionprocesscausesamixingofcarbonwithoxygeninairresultingintheformationofcarbondioxide. ThechangeofCO2emissionisalmostsameinallthesetups
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
5.2.4 Load vs NOx emission
Chart -9:NOxEmissions
Inference: NOxemissionsarelesscomparedtoconvectiondieselengineatvariousloadsforwithmodifiedpistonbecauseof richmixtureburning
5.2.5 Load vs O2 Emission
Chart -10:O2Emissions
Inference: Withincreasingloadoxygenemissionisreducingindifferentsetupswhichresultsingoodcombustionoffuel.O2 emissionisalsonearlysamefordifferentsetups.
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
5.2.6 Load vs smoke
Chart -11:SmokeEmissions
Inference: Smokeemissionisthepartofcombustionprocess.Smokeisincreasingwithincreasingloadbecauseofrichair/fuel mixture.
6. CONCLUSIONS
Theexperimentalresultsshowtheimprovementinemissionparametersofsinglecylinderfourstrokedieselengine withmodifiedpiston
ThemodifiedpistonwithbiodieselhasgoodimpactonNOx&O2emission.
ThemodifiedpistongoodimpactonCO2,HC&COEmissionsatlessloadscomparedwithconvectiondiesel
Brake thermal efficiency, Indicated thermal efficiency and Specific fuel consumption of Biodiesel is nearly same comparedtoDiesel
7. FUTURE SCOPE
CFDanalysiscanbedone. Swirlratiocanbecheckedbyswirltestrig. Geometrycanbevarieddependingupontherequiredparameters.
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