EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH MODIFIED INLE

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH MODIFIED INLET MANIFOLD USING

B20 BIODIESEL BLENDS OF MAHUA AND KARANJA OILS

1,2,3,4Dept of mechanical engineering, Rao Bahadur Y. Mahabaleswarappa engineering college Ballari-583104, Karnataka, India ***

Abstract - An Investigation project done with the objective to analyse the emission and performance of single cylinder four stroke diesel engine at different load conditions fueled with Mahua biodiesel blended with diesel (B20 Biodiesel). The project consists of two phases .First one is to modify the the inlet manifold using swirl booster to generate the swirl of air so that efficient combustion is achieved . Next one is to blend the Mahua biodiesel with diesel in B20 form(20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) in the same engine setup so that emission levels are reduced and performance is enhanced.

Key Words: Diesel engine, Swirl enhancer, Performance, Emissions, Combustion process, Biodiesel, B20 form.

1. INTRODUCTION

In todays world pollution is the major problem caused by emissions of harmful gases from different sources like automobiles and industries which pollutes the environment. The harmful gases may be CO,HC,CO2 and NOx etc. NOx emissions are greatly reduced by generating swirling air. Swirling air causes rapid mixing of fuel and air. Swirl is the ordered rotation of air entering the engine cylinder. Swirl can be generated in different ways, in our experent it is generated using swirl enhancer installed in inlet air manifold. Our project consists of two phases first one is to generate theswirlandthenextoneistoreplacingthedieselwithbiodiesel

1.1 Swirl enhancing device

Fig-1: Modellingofswirlenhancer

SwirlEnhancerof28mmdiameterisinsertedinsidetheInletairportoftheenginehead.Themodificationisdoneto createswirling.Itseffectonperformanceandemissionarediscussedintheresultssection.Itismadewithsheetmetalby cuttingthebladeonthefrontpartwhichfacesthecombustionchamber.

1.2 Engine specification 1. Enginetype:Computerizedsinglecylinderfourstrokedieselengine 2. Model:Makekirloskar,TV1

Coolingtype:Watercooled

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5. Stroke:110mm 6. Bore:87.5mm 7. Compressionratio:17.5 8. Fueltank:15litcapacitywithmeteringcolumn 9. Loadsensor:Loadcelltypestraingauge,range0-50 10. Loadindicator:Digital,Range0-50kg 11. Rotameter:Caloriemetercooling25-250LPH;Engine40-400LPH.

1.3 Physical model preparation

1. Sheetmetalisusedformakingswirlboosterasitisdeformableinnature.

2. Itcan easilytaketheshapeof theinletairport.

3. Sheeetmetaloperationsrequirelessequipmentsandareeasierthanmachining

Swirl enhancer(Physical model)

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Phase 1

1. A 15x15mmsteelsheetmetalisselectedformakingtaperedswirlenhancer.

2. Asheetmetalisselectedbecauseitiseasytoperformoperationswhilemakingaswirlenhancer.

3. Sheetmetalworkingtoolsareusedformakingswirlenhancer.

4. AswirlenhancermadeupofsheetmetalcaneasilytaketheshapeoftheInletairport.

5. Initiallyadevelopmentofconemethodisusedtodrawthedevelopmentof taperedswirlenhancer.

6. Thedevelopmentispastedonsheetmetalandcuttedaccordingly.

7. Thecuttedsheetmetalisrolledtoformataperedswirlbooster.

8. Theswirlenhancerisinsertedinsidetheinletairportofthecylinderhead.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2.2 Phase 2

1. MahuaBiodieselisselectedfortheexperiment. 2. 20%ofMahuabiodieselismixedwith80%ofdiesel. 3. TheblendofMahuabiodieselanddieselisstirredfor4minutes.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Fig-8: Computeriseddieselenginetestrig

3.1 Construction

Testrigconsistsof 1. Computeriseddieselengine(1cylinder4stroke) 2. Fueltankfilledwithfuelwithameasuringunitattached. 3. Coolingmeasurementisdonethroughrotameters. 4. Transmittersforfuelflowandairflowmeasurementnts. 5. dynamometerforloadingtheengine 6. AVL5emissiontestunit.

3.2 Procedure

1. Engineisfilledwithdieselandbiodieselasrequired. 2. Ensuringthecoolingwaterflow. 3. Ensuringtheengineisat0kgload. 4. Checkformainssupply. 5. Ensurealltherequiredconnectionsoftheenginearerightwiththecomputerandemissiontestkit. 6. Starttheenginewith0kgloadandrunfor25minutesand slowlyrisetheload. 7. Loadisincreasedby2kg,4kg.6kg,8kgand12kgandreadingsaretabulated. 8. Sameexperimentisconductedfordifferentbiodieses.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4. EXPERIMENTAL

4.1 Performance

ANALYSIS

1. Load vs Brake thermal efficiency

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

BTHE in % Load in Kg

25.00 0 2 4 6 8 12

BTHE 1(%)

0.00

Chart-1: LoadvsBrakethermalefficiency

Brake thermal efficiency depends on Brake power and specific fuel consumption. Here Specific fuel consumption is increasinginanenginewithmodifiedinletmanifoldastheflowoffuelismorethanair.Hencebrakethermalefficiencyis increasingwithincreasingloadBrakethermalefficiencyofkaranjaB20Biodieselwillbesameasthatofdieselat8kgload.

2. Load vs Indicated thermal efficiency

100

80

60

40

120 0 2 4 6 8 12

ITHE in % Load in Kg

20

ITHE 1(%)

ITHE 2(%)

ITHE 3(%) ITHE 4(%)

BTHE 2(%) BTHE 3(%) BTHE 4(%) 0

Chart-2: LoadvsITHE

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Indicated thermal efficiency depends on the indicated power which inturn depends on the indicated mean effective pressure.Indicated mean effective pressure is the average pressure in the cylinder for a complete engine cycle. As indicatedmeaneffectivepressureisincreasingfordieselenginewithmodifiedinletmanifoldindicatedthermalefficiency isalsoincreasingbyutilizingbiodiesels.

3. Load vs Mechanical efficiency

Mech efficiency in %

50

40

30

20

10

0

60 0 2 4 6 8 12

Load in Kg

Chart-3: LoadvsMechanicalefficiency

Mechanicalefficiencyisobtainedbytheratioofbrakepowertotheindicatedpower.Astheindicatedpowerisincreasing inanenginewithmodifiedinletmanifoldhencemechanicalefficienyisdecreasing.

4. Load vs Specific fuel consumption

SFC in Kg/kWh

1.2

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

1.4 0 2 4 6 8 12

Mech eff 1 Mech eff 2 Mech eff 3 Mech eff 4 0

Load in Kg

Chart-4:LoadvsSFC

SFC 1 SFC 2 SFC 3 SFC 4

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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Thespecificfuelconsumptionofconventionaldieselengineislowerthanthatofenginewithmodifiedinletmanifold.This isbecauseofthedisturbedairpassageintheairinletportandalsoduetothehigherviscosityandpoormixtureformation ofbiodiesel.

5. Load vs A/F Ratio

A/F Ratio

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 2 4 6 8 12

A/F Ratio 1

A/F Ratio 2

Load in Kg

Chart-5: LoadvsA/FRatio

Theairfuelratioismoreinconventionaldieselengineanditisreducinginanenginewithmodifiedinletmanifoldbecause oflessairflowresultinginrichmixture

4.2 Emissions

1. Load vs CO emission

CO in PPM

A/F Ratio 3 A/F Ratio 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 2 4 6 8 12

Load in Kg

Chart-6: LoadvsCOemission

Conventional diesel engine

Modified inlet manifold with diesel fuel

Modified inlet manifold with mahua B20 biodiesel

Modified inlet manifold with karanja B20 biodiesel

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2. Load vs HC emission

HC in PPM

140

120

100

80

60

40

Conventional diesel engine

Modified inlet manifold with diesel

Modified inlet manifold with Mahua B20 biodiesel

20

160 0 2 4 6 8 12

0

Load in Kg

Chart-7: LoadvsHCemission

Higher fuel/air ratio causes the emission of HC and CO. During the initial loads the CO and HC emissions are comparatively small and there is slight difference between difference setups. But at higher loads it is increasing because with increase in the load the fuel/air ration increases and also there is disturbance for air flow due to modification if an inlet manifold. This causes rich fuel/air mixture hence resulting in Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. Even theemissionsathigherloadsaredecreasingathigherloadsbyusingMahuaB20and karanjaB20Biodiesels.

3. Load vs CO2 emission

CO 2 in %

Conventional diesel engine

Modified inlet manifold with diesel

Modified inlet manifold with Mahua B20 biodiesel

Modified inlet manifold with karanja B20 biodiesel

Modified inlet manifold with karanja B20 biodiesel 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 4 6 8 12

Load in Kg

Chart-8: LoadvsCO2 emissions

Thecombustionprocesscausesamixingofcarbonwithoxygeninairresultingintheformationofcarbondioxide.The changeofCO2emissionisalmostsameinallthesetups.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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4. Load vs O2 emission

O 2 in %

20

15

10

5

0

25 0 2 4 6 8 12

Conventional diesel engine

Modified inlet manifold with diesel

Modified inlet manifold with Mahua B20 biodiesel

Load in Kg

Chart-9: LoadvsO2 emission

Withincreasingloadoxygenemissionisreducingindifferentsetupswhichresultsingoodcombustionoffuel.O2emission isalsonearlysamefordifferentsetupsandfuels.Biodieselscontainsoxygenwithit,consequentlyO2 emissionsare somewhatincreasingbyusingbiodiesels.

5. Load vs NOx emission

NOxin PPM Load in Kg

Modified inlet manifold with Karanja B20 biodiesel 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 2 4 6 8 12

Chart-10: LoadvsNOxemission

Conventional diesel engine

Modified inlet manifold with diesel fuel

Modified inet manifod with Mahua B20 Biodiese

Modified inlet manifod with karanga B20 biodiesel

NOx emissions increases with increase in load because it causes increased fuel supply resulting in longer combustion durationcausingincreasein temperaturehenceitcausesNOxformation.TheNOxemissionsaredecreasinginanengine with modified inlet manifold because of rich mixture burning and in an engine with B20 biodiesel NOx is decreasing becauseoflowercombustiontemperatureinsidethecylinderbecauseofmodifiedinletmanifoldandlowerCalorificvalue ofthebiodiesel.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

6. Load vs smoke emission

60

50

Smoke in PPM

40

30

20

10

0

0 2 4 6 8 12

Load in kg

Chart-11: LoadvsSmokeemission

Conventional diesel engine

Modified inlet manifold with diesel

Modified inlet manifold with mahua B20 biodiesel

Modified inlet manifold with karanja B20 biodiesel

Smoke emission is the part of combustion process.Smoke is increasing with increasing load because of rich air/fuel mixtureandalsoduetothebiodieselblend.

5. CONCLUSIONS

1. TheexperimentalresultsshowstheimprovementinthePerformanceandemissionparametersofsingle cylinder four stroke diesel engine with modified intake manifold by using Mahua B20 and Karanja B20 Biodiesel

2. TheswirlgeneratedbymodifiedInletmanifoldhasgoodimpactonCO,HC,NOx,CO2andO2Emissionsat thelowerloadsbutincreasingathigherloadsbecauseofhigherfuel/airratiocausedduetodisturbance ofairpassageintheinletmanifold.

3. Brake thermal efficiency, Indicated thermal efficiency and Specific fuel consumption of engine with modifiedinletmanifoldisimprovedWithMahuaB20andKaranjaB20BiodieselcomparedtoDiesel

4. Mechanical efficiency of an engine with modified inlet manifod by using Mahua B20 Biodiesel is nearly samebyusingdieselfuelandreducesnegligiblywithkaranjaB20Biodiesel.

6. REFERENCES

1. Vinod Kumar Sharma, Man Mohan and Chandra Mouli, Effect of inlet swirl on performance of single cylinderdirectinjectiondieselengine.2017IOPConf.

2. JayashriNarayananNair,Jdeepthi,k sivakalyani,Study ofbiodiesel blendsandemissioncharacterstics ofbiodiesel.Vol2,Issue8,August2013.

3. Abdel hafiz, Adel hegazy, Nader S Koura & SM Rabia, Performance and emissions of a traditional diesel engineoperatedwithesterifiedwastevegetableoilbiodiesel blends.Researchgate,Journalofengineering andtechnology,Vol37(No.1)(139-148)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4. R Tamil selvan, I karthi keyan & P Vijian, Performance and emission characterstics of Mahua biodiesel blends.2020Vol 932,IOPConf

5. Arul prakasha jothi Mahalingam, Yuvarajan Devarajan, Santhana Krishnan Radhakrishnan, Suresh vellaiyan and bheem kumar Nagappan, Emission analysis on mahua oil biodiesel and higher alchohol blendsindieselengine.Alexanderiaengineeringjournal,Vol57,Issue4,December2018

6. ICenginesbyVGanesan4th edition