International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design and Fabrication of a Multi-spice dryer Don Varghese1, Shon Joy2, Amaljith Biju3 , Samsingh M S⁴, Ramesh M⁵ 1,2,3,4 Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering , VISAT College, Kerala, India ⁵Asst. Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, VISAT College, Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVES Abstract - Spices are present in the daily diet and gain
more attention as preservatives, flavor, aroma, and therapeutic agents in the foods. Solar drying gives fascinating product quality with tokenish environmental impact. It is an effective, cheap, and safe method of drying. India is the top spice producing, consuming, and exporting country in the world, accounting for 50% of the global trade. Despite the COVID-19 Pandemic, export of spices from India continued its upward trend during 2020-21 and crossed the 3.5 billion US $ mark. Export of spices attained an all-time record in terms of both volume and value in the year, registering an increase of 30% in volume, 23% in rupee terms compared to the previous year. India is the world’s largest producer, consumer and exporter of chillies. The use of a dryer makes it facile and safe from unbalanced weather.
The primary aim and objective of the project is to build a solar spice dryer primarily working on Solar Energy with the help of a solar panel. An AC switch over is also possible according to the light availability. Our focus is to build a dryer which is portable and economical for every livelihood for their personal and agricultural use. The heat transfer occurs mainly due to 3 phenomena ; Conduction, Convection and Radiation. Conduction : Heat conduction is a process in which heat is transferred from the hotter area to the colder area without involving any actual movement of the molecules of the body. Heat transfer takes place from one molecule to another molecule as a result of the vibration occurring between the molecules.
Key Words: Spices, Solar drying, Chilli , Dryer, India
According to Fourier’s law of heat conduction, the rate of flow of heat through a simple homogeneous solid is directly proportional to the area of the section right angle to the direction of heat flow and to the change of temp. with respect to the length of path of the heat flow.
1. INTRODUCTION The sun is the central energy producer of our solar system. It has the form of a ball and nuclear fusion takes place continuously in its center. A small fraction of the energy produced in the sun hits the earth and makes life possible on our planet. Solar radiation drives all natural cycles and processes such as rain, wind, photosynthesis, ocean currents and several others which are important for life. The whole world's energy needs have been based from the very beginning on solar energy. All fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal) are converted to solar energy.
Q∝ Adt⁄dx Q = −kAdt ⁄dx where k is the thermal conductivity A - Area of cross section and dt ⁄dx - Temperature Gradient
The radiation intensity of the ca 6000°C solar surface corresponds to 70,000 to 80,000 kW/m2. Our planet receives only a very small portion of this energy. In spite of this, the incoming solar radiation energy in a year is some 200,000,000 billion kWh; this is more than 10,000 times the yearly energy needed of the whole world.The solar radiation intensity outside the atmosphere is on average 1,360 W/m2 (solar constant). When the solar radiation penetrates through the atmosphere , some radiation is lost so that on a clear sky sunny day in summer between 800 to 1000 W/m2 (global radiation) can be obtained on the ground.
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Convection : In this process, heat is transferred in the liquid and gases from the region of higher temperature to the region of lower temperature. Convection heat transfer occurs partly due to the movement of molecules or due to the mass transfer. There are mainly 2 types of convectionFree Convection and Forced convection. Natural convection, also known as free convection, is a mechanism in which the fluid motion is generated only by density differences in the fluid occurring due to temperature gradients, not by any external source.
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