Experimental Investigation in Concrete by Partial Replacement of Sand with Marble Dust: A Review

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Experimental Investigation in Concrete by Partial Replacement of Sand with Marble Dust: A Review

Devi Charan Dubey2

1M.Tech, Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India.

2Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India. ***

Abstract - Concrete is the hugest constituent to be utilized in the development business,whereinnormallyaccessiblesand is utilized as fine total. The framework advancement prompts bigger utilization of sand materials prompts outrageous quarrying. Inferable from extraordinary quarrying, normally accessible sands are getting depleted lastly finished in intermittent flood possibilities. So now we are in an opportunity to utilize exchange material for fine total in concrete. In the present business, one of the huge materials utilized in development is marble. While making the marble squares, 20-25% of powder material is acquired by sawing and cleaning process. These days removal of waste marble powder is one of the first ecological issues around the world. This present examination is planned to utilize the waste marble powder as fine total in the solid assembling, subbing the normally accessible material of sand. The substitution of waste marble was done completely and in part as 0%, 25%, half, 75% and 100% and its result on properties of cement were explored. Accordingly, we discovered that, ideal rate for supplanting of regular sand with marblepowderinconcreteis practically half substitution.

Key Words: Marbledust.Fineaggregate.Concrete,sand, Cement,Replacementofsand.

1. INTRODUCTION

Byandlargeinthesolidblendconfiguration,concrete,fine totalsofsand,coarsetotalsandwateraretheconstituents for a more drawn out period, which plays a vital duty in structuring of an evaluation of cement. In any case, nowadays there is a shortage of totals. So elective new materialswhichareeffectivelyaccessibleforminimaleffort mustbebargedinforsupplantingthefinetotalandjustas concretetogetthecomparablequalityasthattheseordinary constituents materials and give. So we need to chase for interchange materialstodiminish the amountof essential normal materials in the solid blend without changing any blendstructuremethodandcontemplations.Utilizationof lessexpensivematerialwithoutlossofexecutionispivotalto the development of development. We can't supplant the entireessentialmaterialsinthesolid,yetwecansupplantby interchange material somewhat. In the present world, gigantic measure of strong squanders are acquiring from assembling units and destruction of developments from human day by day living spaces. Some researchers are

value:

looking into using strong waste as partially substituting materials based on locally accessible waste materials like crushed plastic, stone residue, over-consumed blocks, msand, glass powder, coconut shells, waste tyres, slag, fly debrisdeliveredfromprojects,brokenglasspieces,ricehusk debris, coconut shell debris, and so forth. A coordination efforthasbeenmadetocoordinatesociety'sneedforsafe and affordable trash collection. Utilizing waste materials helps maintain a pristine domain by saving common resourcesanddumpingareas.Thecurrentmethodofsolid growth is deemed unfeasible since it not only uses a significantamountofstone.Marbleisatransformativestone ofnonfoliatedsortmadeoutofgenerallycalcitealongside recrystallizedcarbonatematerials.Marblewillbealludedas transformedlimestonebygeologistsandunmetamorphosed limestone by stone artisans. Marble is usually utilized for mold and as a structure material. Squander Marble Dust (WMD)has differentmodernemployments.Itisutilizedas fillerincementandclearingmaterialsandgivesasignificant usetowhatisinanycaseawastematerial.Themeasureof wastematerialasmarbledustisexpandingthesedays.The materialisadditionallyusedtomakecarboniccorrosivegas (Carbondioxide)whichisutilizedinthepackagingofdrinks. The point of this task is to examine the impact and properties of cement with various proportions of substitution(0%,25%,half,75%and100%)ofregularsand withfinemarbledustasfinetotals.Thesolidevaluationof M25 was readied, crisp property of cement specifically compaction factor test and droop cone test, solidified property of cement in particular compressive quality, flexuralqualityandsplitelasticitytestswerecompletedand contrastedandalltheleveloffinemarbledustinconcrete.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

R.Anuradha: According to the results of the current experimentaltesting,usingmarblepowderinlieuofcement andgranitepowderderivedfromcrushingunitsinplaceof riversandmightincreasetheconcrete'sstrengthqualities. In comparison to normal mix, it was shown that partial substitutionofOPCwith5and10percentofmarblepowder and fine aggregate with granite powder results in a progressive rise in compressive strength and tensile strength.Morecrucially,tousegraniteandmarblepowder, which are readily or inexpensively accessible, to reduce building expenses. Concrete mix with a 5% replacement

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costsRs.5700perm3,whichis5%cheaperthanthecostof conventionalmix,whereasconventionalmixcostsRs.6000 per m3. Our major goal as civil engineers is to prevent environmental degradation caused by the manufacture of cement.

Shrma et.al: The following findings have been drawn following the execution of all tests and analysis of their results: The findings of the current investigation demonstratethatMDPhastremendouspotentialforusein concreteasacementalternative.Thehighestcompressive strengthwasobtainedwitha14percentMDPsubstitution with cement. Maximum flexural strength was observed at around17.5percentMDPsubstitutionwithcement.When cementissubstitutedwithMDPatarateof3.5percent,the extremevalueofDurabilityagainstacidattackisattained.

Boobalan et.al: The following conclusion were obtained fromthisexperimentalinvestigation,Theconcretehardened property of compressive strength was improved with addition of upto 50% by weightof waste marble powder replacement for natural sand and compressive strength decreasesadditionalanyincrement. Replacementofnatural sandfrom0-100%withwastemarblepowder,decreasing trend was there in splittensile strength of cylinders were decreased.Though the 25% replacement of natural sand with waste marble powder had given tensile strength nearlyidentical to the tensile strength of the control mix with0%wastemarblepowder.Theincrementaltrendwas observedinflexuralstrengthvalueofprismsspecimenswith additionupto50%wastemarblepowderreplacementwith natural sand replacement and then regularly decreasing. Thuswecametotheconclusionthat,optimumreplacement percentage of natural sand with waste marblepowder in concreteisalmost50%.

Katuwal et.al: From the study, it can be concluded that marbledustcanbesatisfactorilyutilizedasaconstituentof concreteofgradeM35byusingitasareplacementofcement at10%ofthetotal weightofcementand15%ofthetotal weightoffineaggregate.Bycomparingtheresultsobtained fromthestudy,itcanbeseenthat15%replacementoffine aggregate bymarble dust gives slightly higher strength of concretethan10%replacementofcementbymarbledust. Theuseof15%ofmarbledustasfineaggregatesforM35 concretewillensurethatwastemarbledustareputtolarge scaleuse,thusenablingreuseofwastematerialsinsteadof beingdumpedinlandfills.Theuseofmarbledustshallalso helpinreductionofthedependenceonnaturalaggregatesto acertainextent,thusprovidingtimefortheirreplenishment.

Shirulea et.al: Asmuchas10%oftheweightofcementcan be replaced with waste marble powder to boost the compressive strength of cubes, but any additional waste marblepowderreducescompressivestrength.Whenwaste marble powder is added to cylinders, the split tensile strength of the cylinders increases by up to 10% when

weight of cement is replaced, and it declines with every further addition of waste marble powder. Thus, we discovered the ideal replacement rate for marble powder withcement,whichiscloseto10%cementforbothcubes andcylinders. Wehaveproposedastraightforwardmethod to reduce building expenses by utilising marble powder, which is readily or inexpensively accessible; more significantly.Ourprimarygoalascivilengineershasledus into the area of environmental degradation caused by the manufactureofcement.

Gautam, Verma: Marble dust has shown to be highly helpfulinensuringexcellentmortarandconcretecohesion. According to the results of the study mentioned above, marbledustmaybeutilisedasacementsubstitute.Amarble dustreplacementof10%producesconcretethatissuperior to control concrete in terms of strength and quality. The findings demonstrated that adding marble stone dust to cement to replace 10% of it increased its compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and durability-related parameters.Accordingtotestresults,thisindustrialwaste can enhance the behaviour of new concrete, hardened concreteperformance,andplainconcretebyupto15%.

Anil Kumar: Theearth'snaturalresourcesarebeingrapidly depletedintoday'ssociety.Numerousenvironmentalissues ariseduringtheproductionofcement,suchasthereleaseof CO2 into the atmosphere, which is bad for both human health and the environment. Because of this, substituting byproductslikemarblepowderandflyashforcementinthe appropriate amounts appears to be a suitable option. Accordingtoearlierstudies,addingjusttherightamountof marble powder and fly ash to concrete can improve its qualities.

Dr. B. Krishna Rao: Followingconclusionsmaybedrawn fromthisstudy'sfindings:Wherethereisacompetitivecost advantage,theuseofmarbledustinplaceofcementinthe manufacturingofconcreteforthebuildingsectorshouldbe encouraged. At10%substitution of marblepowder inthe regularmix,itwasobservedthat,after7,28,and56days, the flexural strength improved by 11.22, 20.8, and 14.8%, respectively. When marble powder was substituted at 15 and20percent,therewasanoticeablelossinstrength.10 percentreplacementwithmarblepowderisdeterminedto be the greatest replacement option for replacement for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength because the rise in percentage of strength is substantialcomparedtoothervariantsinthemix.

Kishan N. Davara et. al: The arranged the survey on fractional substitution of concrete and sand by marble powdercontent.Bycheckingoninferredthatcompressive quality was expanded by expansion of half by weight of wastemarblepowderwithsandandafterthatqualitywas diminished,alongsideconcretefunctionalitydiminished.

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Pooja J. Chavhan et.al: watched the conduct of marble powderasfractionalsupplantingwithsandby0-halfwithan augmentation of 5%. The greatest compressive and split rigidity was accomplished at 45% supplanting with sand. More prominent functionality, compressive quality of cement and mortars was accomplished by expanding the wastemarblegranuleorwastemarblepowderandsawthat compressivequalityofdifferentcementblendsinwiththe considerationofmarblegranuleswasgotten5to10%more noteworthy than the control examples. Nataraja et. al had done the examination on paver obstructs with squashed stonesandeccentricmaterials,forexample,brokenpavers, kadapa for various rate substitution of coarse total and inferredthatkadapahadinvigoratedbetterwithordinary paver squares [10]. Ranjan Kumar (2015) watched the conductofsubstitutionofconcreteby0-20%withmarble dustpowderinthesolid.Theirtestexaminationpresumed that10%expansioninqualityforcompressivequalityand splitandflexuralqualityexpandedby15%contrastedwith ordinarysolidexamples.

Mary.et.al: There is an improvement in all mechanical qualities when discarded marble is used in place of fine aggregate. The highest compressive and tensile strengths maybeachievedbyreplacingfineaggregatewithdiscarded marble powder. For both cubes and cylinders, the ideal replacementrateformarblepowderwithfineaggregateis closeto10%cement.

Ahmad et.al: Inthisstudy,marblewastewasutilisedasa fineaggregateinproportionsof0%,20%,40%,60%,80%, and100%byweightoffineaggregate.Basedontheresults oftheexperimentalwork,ithasbeendeterminedthatthe proportion of marble waste increases the workability of concrete. The highest slump was attained when marble wastewassubstituted100%ofthetime.Thereasonforthis isthatmarbleabsorbsmorewaterthanunprocessedsand. Asaresult,thereismorewateravailabletoactasalubricant betweenthecoarseaggregateparticles.Whenmarblewaste was substituted for up to 60% of the weight, the strength (compressive,flexure,andsplittensile)rose,andafterthat point,thestrengthrapidlyfell. Becausemarblehasalower finenessmodulusthannaturalsand,itfillsinthespacesleft by the coarse aggregate and sand to produce more dense concrete, which improves mechanical performance. Conclusion:Marbledebrismaybeutilisedasfineaggregate toenhancethemechanicalqualitiesoftraditionalconcrete. Thesewaste materialscanbeeffectivelyemployedasfine aggregatesinthemakingofconcretefromaneconomicand environmentalstandpoint.

Dhanaseker, Lavanya: according to the findings and observationsfromthisexperimentalresearchinvestigation. Thefollowinginferencesaremade:Ithasbeenshownthat experimental results for the 10% replacement of marble powder & quarry dust to PPC have increased in strength compared to 0% and 10% replacement. The strength

reduced once marble powder was replaced by more than 20%.Theadditionofwastemarblepowderandquarrydust progressivelyincreasestheflexuralstrengthofbeamsbyup to 10%, and also, any addition of the contemporaneous products causes the strength to diminish. Based on the results of the tests done on concrete made with marble powderandquarrydust,itcanbesaidthat,whenusedupto a10percentreplacementofcementwithaw/cratioof0.46, marble powder and quarry dust can boost the overall strengthoftheconcrete.Thevaluablepozzolanicminerals, marblepowderandquarrydust,havetheabilitytopartially replacecementandfineaggregate,respectively.Thiscould lessentheenvironmentalissues.

Rangesh: Concrete that has been partially replaced with marble dust and fly ash has improved mechanical and durability characteristics. enhancement of compressive strengthwiththeuseof30%marbledustand15%flyashin cementconcrete.Thepresenceofmarbledustandflyashin concreteactuallycreatesdensermatrices,strengtheningthe matrices' resistance to water intrusion, one of the most significantfactorsacceleratingconcretedegradation.

Saran, Venkat: designed to examine the viability of replacing fine aggregate with used marble dust. It offers special benefits including abundance, accessibility, and affordability. The results of the experiment indicate that usingmarbledustpowdercanenhancetheperformanceof hardenedconcrete.Resultsforthecompressivestrengthof concrete containing marble dust powder demonstrated consistency with control concrete. When marble dust powder is added to concrete, the compressive strength is raisedbyupto50%byweightsand;however,ifitisused morethan50%,thestrengthmayautomaticallydrop.The split tensile strength of cylinders is reduced by 100% addition,thuswewanttoreplace50%ofthecylinderswith sand,andthestrengthwillonlyobeyuptothatproportion. By the durability of the compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete with replacement of fine aggregateat10%,20%,30%,40%,and50%Strengthrises for7daysand28dayswhenusingmarbledustpowderin NACL solution, as demonstrated. Sand is becoming more scarce everywhere these days. Therefore, I draw the conclusion from this project that we can substitute fine aggregate for sand up to 50% of the time when sand is requiredforbuilding.Thematerialisveryreasonablypriced pertonne.

AshmiJenika. et.al: theneedforenvironmentallyfriendly buildinginthemodernworldandthepotentialuseofmarble powder to partially replace cement in the creation of concrete. The project focuses on using marble powder in buildingtosavecostsandbemoreenvironmentallyfriendly. It might pave the way for more affordable, pollution-free concretebuildingwhilestillachievingtheneededstrength. In this experimental enquiry, a study on conventional concrete with concrete by substitution of marble powder

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0%,2.5%,5%,7.5%,10%,12.50%,and150%bycementhas been explored. The results have been provided. Concrete mayprofitfrommarblepowder,abyproduct,byusingitto increase durability, reduce costs, and protect the environment.Marblepowderisaddedtoconcretetoboost its compressive strength and split tensile strength. More than 12.5 percent marble powder in concrete reduces its compressive and split tensile strengths while improving workability. Up to 10% more flexural strength is progressively added to beams. This led to the conclusion that, as compared to normal concrete, partial cement substitutionusingwastemarblepowderisbothfeasibleand cost-effective.

Santhosh el.al: according to the literature Based on an examination of the literature, it has been determined that usingmarbleinplaceofcementwillproduceconcreteina sustainableway.Thehighestcompressivestrengthwas14 percentcementsubstitutionwithmarblepowder.Because leftover marble powder has a huge surface area, it made concrete less workable. The marble powder's durability properties improved, making it appropriate as a concrete addition. When cement is replaced with marble dust, extremevalueagainstacidassaultsisobtained.Initialand final setting durations are shown to rise but not very considerably, whereas standard consistency is found to decrease. This is advantageous for appropriate concrete setting since the first setting period needs to be lengthy enoughtoallowforconcretetransportationandplacement. By replacing cement with powdered marble dust, the concrete'scompressivestrengthisincreasedby15%.

Amudhavalli: 20 percent is determined to be the desired marbledustpercentageinconcrete.Compressivestrength hasbeenshowntoincrease by6%in PEFRCcompared to regularconcrete.Concretewith0.4percentpolythenefibre and20percentmarbledusthasthehighestsplittingtensile strength.MixM3hasthehighestflexural strength,and its higheststrengthis5.68N/mm2.

Ellappan et.al: Basedonthestudiesdoneonconcretecube specimens, the following conclusions may be drawn. All mechanicalqualitiesareincreasedbyupto20%whenscrap marble is used in lieu of cement. Maximum compressive strength is achieved by substituting discarded marble powderfor20%ofthecement.Theidealreplacementratio ofcementtomarblepowderisaround20percentcementfor bothcubes.Morecrucially,tousemarblepowder,whichis readily or inexpensively accessible, to reduce building expenses. Our major goal as civil engineers is to prevent environmental degradation caused by the manufacture of cement.

Anwar et.al: Formoreeffectivereplacement,comparethe characteristicsofM20gradeceramicwastepowderconcrete withmarbledustpowderconcreteatthewatercementratio of 0.50. Based on experimental research into the

compressivestrengthofconcrete,thefollowingconclusions are drawn: When marble dust powder is added to conventionalconcrete,itscharacteristicstrengthisreduced ascomparedtoconventionalconcrete.Asaresult,upto20% byweightofcementhasreplacedthemarbledustpowder withoutchangingtheconcrete'stypicalM20gradestrength. The compressive strength diminishes when more marble dust powder is used to replace cement. Concrete has a compressivestrengthof23.20N/mm2whenceramicwaste powderreplaces30%ofthecement,whereasmarbledust powderreplaces20%ofthecementtoyieldacompressive strengthof24.30N/mm2.Asaresult,ceramicwasteismore affordablethanmarbledust powder withoutreducing the strength of the concrete relative to regular concrete. As a result, the replacement is both technically and financially viable.Thebestoptionandmosthighlyvalueduseofsuch waste is the use of ceramic waste or marble dust and its applicationforthesustainablegrowthofthebuildingsector. One of the main goals of civil engineers is to solve the environmental pollution caused by the manufacture of cement. It is a potential alternative method for the safe disposalofceramicwastepowderandmarbledustpowder.

Jashandeep, Bansal: Allmechanicalqualitiesareincreased byupto12%whenscrapmarbleisusedinplaceofcement. Maximumcompressiveandtensilestrengthisachievedby substitutingdiscardedmarblepowderfor12percentofthe cement.Forbothcubesandcylinders,theidealreplacement rateformarblepowderwithcementiscloseto12percent cement. More crucially, to use marble powder, which is readily or inexpensively accessible, to reduce building expenses. Our major goal as civil engineers is to prevent environmental degradation caused by the manufacture of cement.

3. CONCLUSION

Afterstudyingliteraturereviewinthispaper,wehavefound someconclusionwhichisgivenbelow:

1. Itstypicalstrengthisreducedwhenceramicwaste powderisadded.Asaresult,upto30%byweightof cement has replaced the ceramic waste powder withoutalteringtheconcrete'sdistinctivestrength of M20 grade. The compressive strength falls as cement is replaced with ceramic waste powder moreoften.

2. Thecompressivestrengthofconcretetendstogrow as the percentage of marble powder and quarry dustincreasesuptoaspecificpercentageandthen starts to decrease as the percentage of marble powder and quarry dust increases. This concrete mixture outperformed regular concrete by 10% when marble powder and quarry dust were substituted. The results of the compression and split-tensile tests showed that the proportion of

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marble powder and quarry dust enhances the strengthofconcreteandcontrolstheworkabilityof theconcreteduringmixing.

3. Theworkabilityimprovedastheamountofmarble powderrose.Themechanicalcharacteristicsgrew as the number of curing days increased. With an increaseinmarblepowderupto10%replacement, the compressive strength rose. At 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively, it was found that the strength had grown by 2.81, 2.92, and 4.58 percent as compared to the standard mix with a 10 percent replacementofmarblepowder.Itwasshownthat, after 7, 28, and 56 days, the tensile strength of marblepowderhadincreasedby0.43percent,11.6 percent,and5.6percent,respectively,ascompared tonormalmix.

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