International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Effects of laundry greywater on soil properties Shamna P1, Sneha G Sasidharan2 1MTech
student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, M.DIT Engineering College, Kozhikode, Kerala Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, M.DIT Engineering College, Kozhikode, Kerala ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2Asst.
Abstract - Pressure on freshwater resources has resulted in
Laundry greywater is one of the largest streams of domestic greywater that is also relatively easy to capture and apply for garden irrigation. The drainage hose of a washing machine can be easily extended to allow direct irrigation of the garden [1]. The main composition of laundry greywater are cations such as, Ca, Mg, K, nitrate, sulphate anions, carbonate, and chloride as well as organic micro pollutants (OMPs) resulting from the detergents[4].
greater greywater reuse for plant irrigation. Laundry greywater is one of the largest streams of domestic greywater. The irrigation of laundry greywater on soil has several adverse effects on their composition. In this study, the soil was irrigated with powdered and liquid detergent laundry greywater to determine the changes in soil properties in comparison to soil irrigated with tap water. Also the effects of powdered and liquid detergent laundry greywater on soil properties are compared. The result showed that high values of soil characteristics were found in powdered detergent laundry greywater irrigated soil in comparison to liquid detergent laundry greywater.
Application of laundry greywater for irrigation may affect soil chemistry. Surfactants present in detergents are of concern due to their toxicity on plants and soil organisms. The main objective of this study is to study and compare the effects of liquid laundry detergent (LD) and powdered laundry detergents (PD) greywater effect on s greywater oil properties in comparison with tap water (TW). Changes to soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (O.C) content, available phosphorus (P), pottasium (K) and micronutrients contents were investigated and studied.
Key Words: Detergents, Greywater reuse, Laundry greywater, Soil properties, Surfactants
1. INTRODUCTION The shortage of freshwater resources is an ever-increasing concern worldwide [5]. The use of greywater for landscape irrigation is becoming increasingly common due to the scarcity of fresh water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions [2]. Countries that experience water shortages may reuse greywater for irrigation or toilet flushing. This can reduce potable water requirements within a household by up to 50% [3].
2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Soil Sample Collection Soil samples were collected from Eranholi (11°46´30.0´´N 75°29´51.9´´E), which is approximately 5 km from Thalassery city in Kannur, Kerala. The samples were collected by first eliminating the top 10–15 cm of top soil and the samples were dug for 30 cm depth of soil and samples were collected in polyethylene bags.
Greywater is defined as the generated wastewater from household activities, which include bathroom, showers, laundry, and kitchen but not black water from the toilet. The percentage of greywater generated from household activities represents 50–80% of the total water usage [4]. Irrigation water quality has a large impact on soil properties. Although greywater is generally less polluted than other wastewaters, it can be environmental hazardous due to the salts, alkalinity and micro pollutants it contains.
2.2 Laundry Greywater Collection Powdered and liquid detergents were used in the washing process of clothes and production of laundry greywater. The detergents were obtained from a local supermarket and greywater solutions were prepared using the manufacturers recommended dosage rates. A fix of ten clothes washed with recommended dosage of detergents. The laundry greywater generated was collected and used to irrigate the soil samples [4].
Any land application of greywater is likely to have environmental impacts, which may be positive and/or negative. Greywater may contain plant macronutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. If these nutrients are present in the right quantities, greywater may act in the same manner as a fertiliser and benefit plant growth. In the context of greywater disposal, these benefits do not typically apply, as the application rate is too high and the nutrients are condensed in one small area [3].
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2.3. Laundry Greywater Application Setup In this experiment, a laboratory soil column infiltration experiment was used to investigate the effect on soil properties by LD and PD laundry greywater in comparison to tap water. Soil columns were constructed from PVC piping.
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