International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
INTERLINKING OF RIVERS IN INDIA Mr. Markad O.C.1, Mr. Shaikh M.G.2, Mr. Baigampalli N.R.3, Mr. Hidole S.M.4 ,Mr. Kalyanshetti S.K5 6Prof.Chavan
R.S., Department of Civil Engineering V.V.P.I.E.T. Solapur, Maharashtra, India Student, Department of Civil Engineering, V.V.P.I.E.T. Solapur, Maharashtra, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------linking projects. The average rainfall in India is about Abstract - Watershed of a river is characterized by its 1,2,3,4,5, U.G.
4,000 billion cubic meters, but most of India's rainfall comes over a 4-month period – June through September. Furthermore, the rain across the very large nation is not uniform, the east and north gets most of the rain, while the west and south get less. India also sees years of excess monsoons and floods, followed by below average or late monsoons with droughts.
unique resources and ecosystem. Watersheds are logical building blocks of water resources planning and management. Control and diversion of a river’s flow, as well as land-use practices in a watershed affect not only the quality and quantity of water, but also the quality of ecosystem it supports. In order to solve the twin problem of flood-drought, as well as to increase food grain production through irrigation of additional lands, the Indian government has proposed to transfer 173 billion cubic meters (bcm) of water annually from “water surplus” watersheds of the Ganges Brahmaputra to “water deficit” watersheds in the western and southern parts of India via construction of 14,900 km long canals and 35 reservoirs. This paper analyzes the feasibility of this proposal on geological, ecological, and socio -economic grounds. We argue that the proposed transboundary transfer of water will not solve the flood-drought problem, but will adversely impact geologic, hydrologic, ecological, and socioeconomic functioning of rivers in downstream regions. An integrated watershed-based water resources planning based on sound science and involving all stakeholders is necessary for sustainable development in the Indian subcontinent.
This geographical and time variance in availability of natural water versus the year round demand for irrigation, drinking and industrial water creates a demand-supply gap that has been worsening with India's rising population. Proponents of the rivers inter-linking projects claim the answers to India's water problem is to conserve the abundant monsoon water bounty, store it in reservoirs, and deliver this water – using rivers interlinking project – to areas and over times when water becomes scarce. Beyond water security, the project is also seen to offer potential benefits to transport infrastructure through navigation, hydro power as well as to broadening income sources in rural areas through fish farming. Opponents are concerned about knowledge gap on environmental, ecological, social displacement impacts as well as unseen and unknown risks associated with tinkering with nature. Others are concerned that some projects create international impact and the rights of nations such as Bangladesh must be respected and negotiated.
INTRODUCTION River linking is a project linking two or more rivers by creating a network of manually created canals, and providing land areas that otherwise doesn’t have river water access and reducing the flow of water to the sea using this means. It is based on the assumptions that surplus water in some rivers can be diverted to deficit rivers by creating a network of canals to interconnect the rivers. The Indian Rivers Inter-link is a proposed largescale civil engineering project that aims to effectively manage water resources in India by linking Indian rivers by a network of reservoirs and canals and so reduce persistent floods in some parts and water shortages in other parts of India. The Inter-link project has been split into three parts: a northern Himalayan rivers inter-link component, a southern Peninsular component and starting 2005, an intrastate rivers linking component. The project is being managed by India's National Water Development Agency (NWDA), under its Ministry of Water Resources. NWDA has studied and prepared reports on 14 inter-link projects for Himalayan component, 16 inter-link projects for Peninsular component and 37 intrastate river
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1.1 OBJECTIVES The Inter-linking of Rivers in India proposal has a long history. During the British colonial rule, for example, the 19th century engineer Arthur Cotton proposed the plan to interlink major Indian rivers in order to hasten import and export of goods from its colony in South Asia, as well as to address water shortages and droughts in southeastern India, now Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. 1.2 IMPORTANCE AND NEED OF INTERLINKING Watershed is the area that drains its surface and subsurface flows to a common stream or river. That is, a river and its watershed are interdependent entities. Watershed is considered a logical building block of water resources planning. Watershed management provides without disturbing the processes that are integral to
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