Effect of Moment Capacity Ratio at Beam-Column Joint of RC Framed building: A Review

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Effect of Moment Capacity Ratio at Beam-Column Joint of RC Framed building: A Review

2

1P.G. Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Maharashtra, India.

2Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Maharashtra, India. ***

Abstract The"strong column weak beam"designconcept necessitates good ductility and a more desirable collapse mechanism inthestructure. Theentireresponseofastructure can only be controlled by the longitudinal beams’ flexural strength when RC beam column connections exhibit ductile behavior. The future mode in whichthe beams act as hinges is typically regarded as the most advantageous mode for ensuring good global energy dissipation without substantial degrading of capacity at the connections. There are considerable variations among these standards, even though several international codes prescribe that the moment capacity ratio at the beam column joint be more than one. In this paper, a brief review of the effect of Moment Capacity Ratio at various Beam Column Joint is discussed.

Key Words: Momentcapacityratio,Strong column weak beam,Ductility,Beam ColumnJoint,Hinges,etc.

1. INTRODUCTION

Thereareearthquakesthroughouttheworld.Itisnotcost effectivetocreateastructurethatcanflexiblyrespondtoan earthquakewithoutsufferingdamage.Ithasbeenfoundthat beam column joints are important parts of RC framed buildings. The performance of reinforced concrete frame constructions is influenced by the integrity of the beam, column, and beam column junction. Most often, during earthquakeconditions,thejointsofRCframedstructuresare subjectedtothemostsevereloading.Thestructuralresponse ofthebeam to columnjunctionissignificantlyinfluencedby thestrengthandstiffnessofthecolumn.Duetosubparbeam columnjointperformanceduringrecentearthquakes,many RC framed buildings in India have collapsed. The ductility and strength of an RC framed structure that is needed to sustainsignificantdeformationandreversalforcesduringan earthquakedependonthedesignanddetailingofthebeam columnjoints.Therefore,atajunction,thecolumnstrength must be increased to be greater than the strength of the beamsthatframeit.Mathematically,itcanbedeterminedas Mc > Mb. A strong column weak beam design philosophy mustbeestablished,andthisdependsonthecolumntobeam momentcapacityratio.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Dooley, Kara, et al. [1] usesprobabilisticmeasurementsto analytically assess the seismic performance of frame buildings with different strength ratios. Two research structures,threeandsixstories,withvaryingstrengthratios (from0.8to2.4)wereevaluated.Investigatedwasalsothe impactofalteringthecolumn to beamstiffnessratio.Based ontheresults,itisrecommendedthataminimumstrength ratio of 2.0 be used to avoid the creation of a story mechanism under design seismic loads. Additionally, increasingthestrengthratioonitsownismoreefficientthan concurrentlyraisingthestiffnessandstrengthratios.

Bindhu, K. R, et al [2] comparedthebehaviorofexternal beam column joint sub assemblages with transverse reinforcementsdescribedinaccordancewithIS456andIS 13920. One of the exterior beam column joints at an intermediatestoreyofasix storyRCbuildinginzoneIIIis analyzedanddesigned.ThemostrecentrevisionsofIS1893 andIS13920aretakenintoaccountwhenperformingthe seismicanalysisanddesign.Underareversecyclicloading, fourone thirdscaledspecimens,twospecifiedinaccordance withIS456andSP34andtheothertwoinaccordancewith IS13920weretested.Toassesstheimpactofaxialloadon the behavior of the joints, two different axial loads were applied.Thetestfindingsshowthatthemostrecentchanges to joint design guarantee that the beam failure will occur beforethejointfailure.Improvementsintheperformanceof the IS 13920 described beam column joints during the reversalofloadingwerealsonoted.

Birely, Anna C., et al. [3] haveworkedtocreatearealistic, accurate nonlinear model for reinforced concrete frames. ThemodeliscompliantwiththeASCE/SEIStandard41 06 nonlinearstatictechniqueandissuitableforforecastingthe earthquake response of planar frames for which the nonlinearity is controlled by the non ductile response of joints and/or yielding of beams non ductile response of joints.Themodelwascreatedtomakeiteasiertoimplement in the widely used commercial software for this kind of nonlinearanalysis.Byaddingadual hingelumped plasticity beam element to mimic the beams framing the joint, the nonlinearity is replicated. The dual hinge consists of two rotatablespringsarrangedinseries,oneofwhichsimulates jointreactionandtheotherbeamflexuralresponse..Using

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

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information from 45 planar frame sub assemblage tests, hinge parameters were calculated. The model's use to simulate the reaction of various sub assemblages demonstrates that it can accurately replicate stiffness, strength,driftcapacity,andresponsemechanismforframes withavarietyofdesignparameters.

Choi, Se Woon, et al. [4]studies,thebestcolumn to beam strength ratios necessary for securing the beam hinge mechanismusingthemulti objectiveseismicdesignmethod based on nonlinear static analysis. In this formulation, minimizingthetwoobjectivefunctionsofstructuralweight and column to beam strength ratio while meeting the limitations is the best course of action. The relationship between the structural weights and appropriate strength ratiosisshownbasedonnumerousPareto optimalsolutions usingbeam hingesystems.Insteadofproposingaparticular single number as a limit for the column beam flexural strength ratio, a common tendency is discovered through examiningthecorrelationsbetweenidealstrengthratiosand structural weights using the well known two moment resistingexamplestructures.

Kusuhara, F., and H. Shiohara. [5] proposedanexpanded version of the nine parameter model (NPM), a kinematic modelthatcanforecastthemomentcapacitiesandmoment atthebalancedfailureofreinforcedconcretebeam column joints. The hypothesis differs from others in that the behavior of joints can only be explained by shear deformation,andjointfailureisthoughttoresultfromthe shear failure of joint panels. The NPM assumes that the translationsandrotationsoffourstiffplatesatthebeamand columnendsrepresentthetwo dimensionaldeformationof a beam column joint. For each section that is divided by diagonal cracksinthejoint, theequilibrium equationsare takenintoaccountinthemodel.Themodelcanbeusedto explain the joint behavior and the moment capacity by includingtheconstitutiverelationshipsofthematerialsin thebeam columnjoints.Whilesymmetryingeometryand loading is assumed in the original expression in order to simplify the equations, the extension allows for different sectional dimensions, reinforcement of the beam and column, and three different loadings on the beams and columns by deriving algebraic expressions of moment capacitywithouttheassumptionofsymmetry.Itlessensthe challenge of applying theory to a broad range of beam columnjunctionsinpractice.Theprojectedstrengthsfrom theextendedmodelarecontrastedwiththefindingsofthe authors' experiments on 20 inner joint specimens. The study's findings demonstrate that the model produces reliablepredictions.

Patil, S. L., and S. A. Rasal. [6] studies the behavior of reinforced concrete moment resistant frame structures duringthemostrecentearthquakeshasbroughttolightthe negative effects of a weak beam column joint. The characteristic that is currently in demand in practice is

"strongcolumnweakbeam"behavior,whichcausesductile failure.Thecurrentreviewaimstoassesswhetherthebeam to column ratio in a building subject to cyclic loads is adequate.Theratioofthebeamtothecolumnisgradually increasing,andcolumnfailurehasbeenseen.Alsoreviewed isthevarietyinhorizontalandverticalirregularity.

Parasa, P. K. [7] examinestheimpactofraisingthemoment capacity ratio at beam column joints on the structure's overall ductility and lateral strength. The analysis is conductedusingSAP2000.Aprobabilistictechniqueisused to examine the impact of ground motion intensity on the likelihood of exceeding any specified damage state for buildings designed with variable moment capacity ratios (MCR)attheconnectionsinordertoaccountforuncertainty in material qualities. For this purpose, pushover curves generatedfromthenonlinearstaticanalysisaretakeninto consideration when developing fragility curves. As MCR rises, the structure becomes more ductile. Additionally, structuresbuiltwithlowerMCRvaluesarefoundtobemore fragilethanthosewithgreaterMCR.

Uma, S. R., and A. Meher Prasad. [8] works on, the essential area in a reinforced concrete moment resisting frame is the connection between the beam and column. It experiences strong forces during violent ground shaking, and its behavior significantly affects how the structure reacts.Whenajointisassumedtoberigid,theconsequences ofstrongshearforcesthatariseinsidethejointarenottaken into account. Especially in seismic situations, the shear failure is invariably brittle in nature, which is not an acceptable structural performance. The suggested hypothesesrelatingtothebehaviorofjointsarereviewedin thiswork.Itiscrucialtocomprehendjointbehaviorinorder to make appropriate decisions on joint design. The article addresses the effects of earthquakes on various types of jointsandunderlinesthecrucialfactorsthatinfluencethem.

Yadav, Abhay, Abhishek Kumar, et al. [9] studiesthatthe momentcapacityratioofthebeam columnjointisacrucial factortotakeintoaccountforframedbuildings,accordingto this paper. This study explains how the moment capacity ratio impacts building fragility and how the ductility of structuresgrowsastheratioincreases.Thepurposeofthis workistoinvestigatetheimpactsofthemomentcapacity ratio on the ductility, strength, and failure likelihood of multi storybuildings.

Bhandari, Sujan, and Hari Darshan Shrestha. [10] studies that the Gorkha earthquake on April 25, 2015, left behind devastationthatservesasaconstantreminderofhowfragile ourcities,likeKathmanduValley,are.Theprimarycauseof themajorityoftheRCCbuilding'scollapsewasthecolumn sway4mechanism.TheintermediateRCframesofthree , five , and eight story typical buildings are chosen for research.Thethreesetsofstructuresareconstructedsothat eachsethasfivefamiliesofstructureswithvaryingcolumn

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to beammomentcapacities(CBMCR).Foreachstructure,a nonlinearstaticpushoveranalysisisperformedinSAP2000 to assess the impact of CBMCR on the structure's lateral strengthanddisplacementcapacity.Ithasbeenfoundthat increasing CBMCR improves a structure's lateral strength anddisplacementcapacity.UsingtheN Scomponentofthe accelerogram from the Gorkha earthquake, SAP2000 performs a linear time history analysis. . It has been observedthatstructureswithlowerCBMCRvalueshavea higherlikelihoodofsurvivingaparticulardamagecondition than those with higher values at the same PGA. Another finding is that these fragility curves can aid in the design processbyhelpingtoselectanappropriateCBMCRvaluefor structuraljoints.

Athira, P., and Remya Raju. [11] presentsthatduringan earthquake,theperformanceofbeam columnconnectorsis notsufficient.Numerousstudieshavebeenconductedinan effort to comprehend the intricate mechanics and satisfactory behavior of beam column connections. The beam columnconnectionwouldbethemostcrucialareain moment resistingreinforcedconcreteframes.Inordertoget a greater performance and material capacity for the connection, new types of shear reinforcements are developedinthisstudy.Thefirstexampleiscreatedusinga traditionaldesignprocess.Thesecondspecimencontrastsa continued conventional shear resistance system with a conventional shear resistance system that has been discontinued.Thethirdvariantismadeup oflongitudinal GFRP(GlassFiberReinforcedPolymer)barsandtenspiral reinforcements.HybridizationofGFRPwillbecarriedoutin ordertobetterthecharacteristicsofGFRPreinforcedbeam column joints and investigate the model with GFRP bars. Thereweretwodifferentformsofhybridization,GFRPcrust with steel core and steel crust with GFRP core. Higher ductility and less deformation were evaluated on the hybridizedbarspecimen.ANSYSfiniteelementsoftwarewas usedtomodelandanalyzethecornerbeam columnjunction inthisscenario.

Sargar, Ram Arjun, and Jyoti Pushan Bhusari. [12] studies thatthedesignofthebeamcolumnjointisessentialinRC framed structures. The moment capacity ratio, which is typicallygreaterthanone,controlshowabeamcolumnjoint behaves.Thisvaluevariesgreatlyacrossdifferentcodes.The moment capacity ratio at the joint must be taken into account, according to the IS: 13920. A frame's moment capacity ratio (MCR), which increases with increasing columnsizeandreinforcementstoprovideastrongcolumn weakbeam,issubjectedtopushoveranalysis.Itsimpacton thecreationofhinges,baseshear,storeydrift,ductility,and lateraldisplacementisinvestigated,andtheidealmoment capacityratioiscomputed.TheMCRshouldnotbelessthan 1.4inordertoimproveductilityandachieveplastichingesat theendofbeamsratherthaninthecolumn.Inordertodo this, increasing the column's reinforcement appears to be

moresuccessfulthanexpandingthecolumn'sdimensions. Ajay Kumar Bhosale, H. S. Jadhav, [13] studies,theeffect of a nonlinear static analysis on the overall ductility and lateral strength of the structure is examined. SAP 2000 is usedtoincreasethemomentcapacityratioatbeamcolumn joints.MCRratingforthatconstructionshouldbeevaluated fromtheperspectiveofductility.Fromthepushovercurve,it canbeseenthat,uptoacertainpoint,theMCRincreasesthe ductilityandstrengthofthestructure.

Kumar, Jawala, et al. [14] examined the fragility and reliability analyses of RC frames with five, seven, and ten stories that were built utilizing different MCR values between 1.0 and 3.2. For all seismic zones, RC frames are constructedinaccordancewithIS1893(2002).TheNational DisasterManagementAuthority,GovernmentofIndia,has chosentheriskcurvesneededfordifferentseismiclocations in India (such as zone II, III, IV, and V). All proposed buildings undergo a seismic risk assessment, and a suggestedminimumvalueofMomentCapacityRatio(MCR) isdeterminedbasedontheobtainedReliabilityIndexand theTargetReliabilityIndex

Chavan, Kshitij S., and D. R. T. Meena. [15] examinedthe RC Frame's beam column joints are fragile in terms of earthquake resistance. When the load is greater during earthquakes, the joints are badly damaged because the material has a limited load carrying capacity. Repairing broken joints is challenging and should be avoided. Beam and Column are the horizontal and vertical elements of a multistoryRCFramedconstruction.Thismostlyimpactsthe brittleColumnBeamjointsthatoccurduringearthquakes. Therefore,acollapsedcolumncausestheentirebuildingto collapse.ThemomentcapacityRatio(MCR)providedbyISis therefore one of the key factors in preventing damages (13920,2016)However,theIScodeofferedthesamevalue forallbuildingshapesandseismiczones.Accordingtothe study, it varies depending on the shape and scale of the building as well as the seismic zones. The MCR value indicates the structure's lateral strength, stiffness, and ductilitywhenitmustendurestresses.Therefore,thisstudy was conducted for two different irregularly shaped RC framedbuildings.SoftwarefromSAP2000isemployed in thisinvestigation.

Zhang, Wang Xi, et al. [16] studies, the seismic performanceoftheRC framedstructureisexaminedusing nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic techniques. The impact of the moment capacity ratio at the beam column joint on the lateral strength and ductility of RC framed buildingsinvariousseismiczonesTruewhetherornotthere areslabsactingunderthecolumn'smomentamplification factor. To calculate the structure's seismic performance, plastic hinges distributed with unidirectional and bidirectionalpushoverareemployed.Forthetimebeing,the theoreticalformulasourceprovidesapreciseestimateofthe

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structuralresponsecausedbydiagonalseismicaction.Itmay beinferredfromtheanalysisandcomparisonoftwotypesof establishedmodelsthattheframedstructurewithslabsis moredamagingthanthestructurewithoutslabswhenthe momentmagnifyingfactorsofthecolumnvary.However,as the column's moment magnifying factors increase, the RC structureswitchesfromhavinga"columnhingemechanism" toa"beamhingemechanism."

Wongpakdee, Nattapat, and Sutat Leelataviwat. [17] displays an analysis of the strong column weak beam (SCWB)momentframe'sinelasticbehavioranddemandfor thebeamtocolumnjointalongwithseveralplasticflexural strengthdistributions.Theresponseanddeformationofthe frames were assessed for this using a pushover and non linear dynamic analysis. A series of 44 far field ground motions were used in a dynamic analysis to examine the responseoftheframesinawiderangeoflevelsofintensity of ground motion up to the collapse level. The pushover analyses of the first mode were used to evaluate the responseoftheRCframeswithvariousworkratiovalues. Finally, it was determined that the demand for the beam columnjointhadsurpassedcoderequirements.Asetvalue ofthedemandforthebeam columnjointisalsoimpractical and could not be sufficient to ensure the desired SCWB mechanism.

T. S. M. N. Arun Kumar, [18] demonstratestheinstabilityof RCstructureswithvariousMCRvaluesatthebeam column joint in both regular and irregular structures with and withoutinfillwalls.Thepushovercurvesobtainedfromthe non linear static analysis are taken into account when developingfragilitycurvesforthispurpose,andprobabilistic analysis is used to evaluate the damage statistics and separate the buildings based on their varying seismic performance. The fragility curves indicate that the RC construction with a lower MCR value, i.e. MCR 1.12, has substantiallylargerdamagepossibilities.Regardlessofthe numberofstoriesanddamagelevels,theincorporationof greaterMCRvalueslowersthelikelihoodofdamage.

Zaghi, Arash E., et al. [19] enhancedknowledgeofhowthe column beam strength ratio affects different seismic performance assessments. For this, three post Northridge steel moment resisting frames of three, nine, and twenty storiesaresubjectedtoatotalof540nonlineartime history studies.Changingthecolumndimensionortheyieldstress ofthecolumnandbeammaterialswillaltertheCBSRvalues in every single model. . Furthermore, the influence of the beam to columnstiffnessratioalongwithitsstrengthratio was assessed using only the smallest and biggest CBSR values. In particular, for low rise frames, it may be determined that the relationship between the flexural strength of the columns and that of the beams does not preclude the columns from performing as per the present requirementofthedesignregulations.Understrongground motions,columnscanyieldevenforMCRsgreaterthantwo.

Choi, Se Woon, et al. [20] studies that to determine the ratios of ideal strength between columns and beams requiredtoensurethehingemechanism,amulti objective seismicdesignapproachbasedonnon linearstaticanalysis is constructed and utilized. The ideal approach in this formulation,iftheconstraintsaresatisfied,istominimize thetwoobjectivefunctionsofthestructuralweightaswell as the ratio of resistance from column to beam. The correlation between structural weights and ideal strength ratiosispresentedbasedonseveralParetooptimalsolutions with hinged mechanisms. Through the examination of the relationships,amutualtendencyisidentifiedusingthewell knownexamplestructuresofresistancetothetwomoments asareplacementfororsuggestiveofaspecificuniquevalue asalimitforthebendingstrengthratioofthecolumn beam. beDepartmentofStructuralEngineering,CivilEngineering9

TheDuctilityandLateralStrengthofRCFramedBuildingin Different Seismic Zones Are Affected by the Moment Capacity Ratio at Beam Column Joint. between the ideal resistancetostructuralweightratios.

3. CONCLUSION

From the study of the above research papers, it can be concludedthatdifferentresearchershadstudieddifferent typesofproblemsrelatedtotheMomentCapacityRatioof the Beam Column joint. And it is addressed that Moment CapacityRatiooftheBeam Columnjointplaysanimportant role in achieving a strong column weak beam concept. AnalysisofsoftwaresuchasETABS,andSAP2000arealso combined with manual calculations. Various models are generated and the MCR of the Beam Column joint are studied.AnalyticalresultsshowdifferentvaluesofMCRas per the different configurations of structures in different seismiczones.TheapproachofasinglevalueofMCRisnot adequate for better Ductility and Lateral strength of the structureindifferentseismiczones.

Thefuturescopeofstudyingthistype ofresearchisto findtheadequateoroptimumvalueofMCR.EffectofMCRat ExteriorandCornerBeamColumnjointcanbestudied.The study can be extended by considering irregular building frames. Effects of shear wall and infill wall can also be considered in this analytical model for further study. The effectofthemomentcapacityratioonaflatslabcanalsobe evaluated.

REFERENCES

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[2] Bindhu, K. R., et al. “Performance of Exterior Beam Column Joints under Seismic Type Loading.” ISET

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Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

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[12] Sargar,RamArjun,andJyotiPushanBhusari."Effectof moment capacity ratio on RC framed structure."Innovations in Infrastructure. Springer, Singapore, 2019, pp. 275 285, , https://link.springer.com/

[13] Ajaykumar L.Bhosale, and H. S. Jadhav. “Effect of Moment Capacity Ratio at Beam Column Joint on DuctilityandLateralStrengthofRCFramedBuilding.” Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application,3ISSN:2248 9622,vol.9,no.3,2019,pp. 12 18, ijera.com/papers/vol9no3/Series 5/C0903051218.pdf.

[14] Kumar,Jawala,andMr.VarunKumarSikka.“Moment CapacityRatioatColumn BeamJointinaRCFramed Structure.”SMARTMOVESJOURNALIJOSCIENCE,vol.6, no. 3, 2020, pp. 1 7, https://doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v6i3.274

[15] Chavan,KshitijS.,andDR.T.Meena.“EffectofMoment Capacity Ratio on Ductility of Different Shape RC Framed Building in Various Seismic Zones.” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 7, no. 5, 2020, pp. 2385 95, www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i5/IRJET V7I5461.pdf

[16] Zhang,Wang Xi,etal.“MultifactorInfluenceAnalysisof SeismicPerformanceofRCFrameStructurewithCast in SiteSlabs.”ProcediaEngineering,vol.210,2017,pp. 360 68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.11.089

[17] Wongpakdee, Nattapat, and Sutat Leelataviwat. “Influence of Column Strength and Stiffness on the Inelastic Behavior of Strong Column Weak Beam Frames.”JournalofStructuralEngineering,vol.143,no. 9, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943 541x.0001864.

[18] Kumar N. Arun, and T. H. Sadashiva Murthy. “Probability of Failure of Building with Various MCR ValuesatBeam ColumnJointinRegularandIrregular Building.” International Journal of Research in Engineering&AppliedSciences,vol.6,no.6,2016,pp. 129 141,https://euroasiapub.org/

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Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

[19] Zaghi, Arash E., et al. “Impact of Column to Beam StrengthRatioontheSeismicResponseofSteelMRFs.” BulletinofEarthquakeEngineering,vol.13,no.2,2014, pp. 635 52, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518 014 9634 9.

[20] Choi, Se Woon, et al. “Minimum Column to Beam StrengthRatiosforBeam HingeMechanismsBasedon Multi Objective Seismic Design.” Journal of ConstructionalSteelResearch,vol.88,2013,pp.53 62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.05.004

[21] Bureau of Indian standards: IS 1893, part 1 (2016), “Criteriaforearthquakeresistantdesignofstructures: part 1 general provisions and buildings”, New Delhi, India.

[22] Bureau of Indian standard, IS 456(2000),” Plain and reinforcedconcretecodeofpractice”

[23] BureauofIndianstandards:IS 13920(2016),“Ductile designanddetailingofreinforcedconcretestructures subjected to seismic forces code of practice”, New Delhi,India.