Study on RAP mix using industrial byproducts

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Study on RAP mix using industrial byproducts

1 Student, Department of Construction Technology & Management, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

2, Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Technology and Management, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. ***

Abstract Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a highway material is becoming more popular in India. The use of RAP not only reduces the project's cost but also assures that all materials are properly used. The goal of this research is to learn more about the importance of RAP in the development of bituminous pavements. Milling produces RAP materials, which are reclaimed asphalt pavement. This study included the collection and testing of RAP samples for their suitability for usage in flexible pavements. For both economic and environmental grounds, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials are increasingly being employed in the pavement construction industry. Since incorporating RAP into HMA mixtures is a relatively new concept in India, little information is available on the mechanical properties of HMA mixtures and the methodologies used in their creation. In this study, the mechanical reaction of Bituminous Concrete mixes was evaluated as a function of the percentage of aggregates replaced by RAP. The study's goal is to determine the impact of RAP as a coarse aggregate replacement on the flexible pavement parameters, such as stability, flow, unit weight, void filled bitumen (VFB), and the percentage of air voids. (Percent Air Voids) (Vv). The study's findings suggest that using reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) as a filler and replacing 1 percent of the bitumen content with industrial glass waste results in the highest flow and stability ratings.

Key Words: Reclaimed Asphalt pavement, Bituminous concrete, Optimum Binder Content

1. INTRODUCTION

According to the projected traffic volume and local environment, the specifications for the various layers of pavementmaterialsshouldbeascost effectiveaspossible. Tothemaximumextentfeasible,localmaterialsshouldbe utilised, which are less costly and need less shipping. Garbagegeneratedbyindustryisabigproblemintoday's world. Due to the non biodegradability of many of these materials,theydamagetheenvironmentinwhichtheyare used. Roads in developing countries have recently been constructed using industrial waste. The use of these materialsinroadbuildingisdrivenbytechnical,economic, and environmental factors. Given the scarcity of traditional road materials as well as the need to protect the environment, it is imperative that these materials be

thoroughly analysed. Many more factories will be built in Indiainthenearfuture,andthecountryalreadyhasavast network of them. There is a great deal of industrial waste createdinthesebusinesses.Theseingredientsincludesoil, stoneaggregates,sandandbitumenaswellascementand asphalt. Time is taking a toll on the supply of natural resources, which are limited. Furthermore, extraction of high quality natural resources is getting more costly. Scientistsarelookingatalternativematerialsforroadway construction, including industrial trash. These materials maybeusedinamannerthatreducespollutionandwaste disposal concerns. Since there are no other destinations forthesesolidwastes,they'vetakenupalotofspacenear companies around the country. Tests to determine how these wastes may be better used in road building, where higher rates of return may be possible, were seen as convenient in light of the country's need for broad use of these materials. Many remote and low volume roads around the country might benefit from the use of these materials,andthisshouldbeinvestigated.Thereshouldbe an effort made to employ solid wastes in the road pavement as efficiently as possible, according to the applicablecriteria.

1.1 Objectives of Study

To study the mechanical properties of locally availableRAPmix.

Studying the strength behaviour of bitumen concreteproducedusingRAP.

Developeconomicalpavementdesignusingnewly developedRAP.

Arriving an economical pavement design composition using developed mix through modifiedIRC37guidelines.

1.2

Scope of project

"Reclaimed asphalt pavement" refers to asphalt and aggregate containing pavement materials that have been removed and/or reprocessed (RAP). Theyarecreatedwhenasphaltpavements are torn up to make way for new construction, resurfacing or access to the underground utility

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

network. With adequate crushing and screening, RAP is composed of aggregates of excellent quality that have been coated with asphalt cement. Milling or full depth removal of asphalt pavement is the most common method of removing it. These 50 millimeter thick in one passmillingmachinesaretransferredtoacentral processing facility, where they are decommissioned. Crushing, screening, conveying, andstackingtheRAPareallpartoftheprocessat thisfactory.

 But RAP may also serve as an additional asphalt cement binder, reducing the need for asphalt cement in new or recycled asphalt mixes that include RAP. Once the old pavement is demolished, it is carried to a storage area or asphalt/concrete factory where it is treated before being sent to its ultimate destination for paving. Due to lower demand for building materials, lower asphalt content, and lower construction costs resulting from RAP use, there areseveralenvironmentalbenefits.

 In road construction, RAP, or recycled asphalt pavement, is a more ecologically friendly alternative to virgin asphalt. Efforts to recycle Reclaimed Asphalt Material (RAP) from asphalt plants address the diminishing availability of freshaggregateandRAP.

2. MATERAIL USED

Reclaimed asphalt pavement materials are pavement materials that have been removed and/or reprocessed using asphalt coated aggregates. These materials are formed when asphalt pavement is destroyed for the purpose of rebuilding, resurfacing, or gaining access to subsurface utilities. High quality, well graded aggregates are layered on top of asphalt that has been thoroughly crushedandscreened.ReclaimedAsphaltPavement(RAP) is a byproduct of road construction and maintenance (RAP).

2.1 Binder

Almost all crude petroleum contains some asphalt as a byproduct. Distillation is the process by which crude oil from oil wells is divided into its various fractions in a refinery. A sample of VG 30 bitumen from a bitumen refinery was gathered. Flexible pavements in India are oftenconstructedusingVG 30binder,whichweutilised.

2.2 Industrial Glass waste

Fillerwasreplacedwithindustrialglasswastesuppliedby "BelgiumGlass."Beforeutilisingitasafillersubstitute,we crushedtheglassdebristoafinepowder.

3. CHARACTERIZATION OF BASIC MATERIALS

Bituminous materials may be evaluated using a wide rangeofassays.Bituminous materialsmaybetestedfor a variety of attributes using the following methods. Depending on the mix and structure, the desired qualities of bitumen may be altered. The following characteristics areidealforbitumen.

3.1 Determination of Softening point

It is possible to determine the temperature at which bitumensoftenstoacertaindegreebyperformingvarious tests on it. The Ring and Ball apparatus is used to administer the test. In a metal ring, a bitumen sample is kept submerged in water or glycerin at a certain temperature.Withasteelballinsitu,theliquidmediumis heated to 5 degrees Celsius per minute, keeping the bitumen sample stable. Once the softened bitumen comes in contact with the metal plate, the temperature is recorded. Because of their lower temperature sensitivity, higher softening points tend to be preferred in hotter environmentsthanlowerones.

Table – 1: Determinationofsofteningpoint

Description Ball No1 Ball No2 Softening PointMean Value

Temperatureatwhich sampletouchesthebottom Plate

56 54 55

3.2 Penetration Value of Bitumen

Standard loaded needles may be used to assess hardness or softness by inserting them into bitumen and waiting five seconds before making this conclusion. The equipment and testing processes have been standardised by the BIS (British Industrial Standards). You must first remove the needle component, which weights 100g, before you may release and lock the penetrometer in any position. Bitumen is mixed well before being poured into containersatadepthofatleast15millimetreshigherthan the expected penetration depth when the bitumen is soft enoughtopour.Duringthetest,aconstanttemperatureof 25degreesCelsiusshouldbemaintained.Thepenetration value is greatly affected by any inconsistencies in the pouring temperature, needle size, weight on the needle, and the test temperature. The penetration value of bitumenwithagradeof40/50isbetween40and50when measured under normal conditions. Lower penetration levelsareneededinwarmerclimates.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

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Table 2: PenetrationValue

3.5 Specific gravity

Measurements were made to assess the density of discarded glass powder. During the experiment, we utilised a density bottle with stopper, funnel, spatula, and aweighingscale.

Table 4: SpecificGravity

Description TrialNo 1 Trial No2

3.3 Specific Gravity of Bitumen

At a particular temperature, it is the mass of the material divided by the mass of an equivalent amount of water. Specific gravity is a key property of bitumen, which is determined by the Specific Gravity Test of Bitumen. Classifying bitumen binders for use in pavement construction is therefore possible. Bitumen binder origin may also be determined using this method. Bitumen specimens may also be identified by using this method. Mineralimpuritiescausethespecificgravitytorise.Thisis crucialforremovingbitumenbindercontaminants.

3.4 Aggregate Impact Value Test

During the aggregate impact test, a variety of weights are placed on the aggregates to see how they react to the pressures.Thecapacityofaggregatestosustainsuddenor impact loading is measured using the need impact value test.Forthisreason,determiningtheaggregate'sabilityto withstand impact loads is critical to its service life. After the speed breaker, aggregates, for example, will be exposedtoimpactontheundulatingroad.

Table 3

ImpactValue

WeightofemptyCylinder 13.6 13.6 Weightofemptycylinder+Sample 68.1 68.2

Weightofemptycylinder+Water+ Sample 117.9 118.2 Weightofemptycylinder+Water 84.8 84.7 SpecificGravity 2.55 2.59 AverageSpecificGravity 2.59

3.6 Bitumen extraction test

In the Bitumen Extraction Test, a cold solvent extraction method is used to assess the asphaltic pavement's bitumen concentration. The amount of bitumen used to build the pavement has a significant impact on the features of flexible pavement, including its durability, compatibility, and resistance to bleeding, ravelling, and ageing.

Table 5: BitumenExtraction

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4. FINAL RESULTS

Keeping 1% Optimum bitumen content we replace the fillermaterialtoglasstoanextentof25%,50%,and100% andconducttheMarshallstabilitystrengthtests.

 The Marshall mix design technique relies on the Marshall stability and flow test to anticipate the mix'sperformance.

 Test specimens are subjected to a 50.8 mm/minuteloadingrateforthestabilityphaseof thetest.

 The specimen is subjected to increasing loads until it breaks, and the highest possible load is usedtodeterminestability.

 A dial gauge connected to the specimen monitors its plastic flow (deformation) as the loading proceeds.

 When the maximum load is measured, the flow rateisalsomeasuredinmillimetres.

Table 6:

Marshalstability

SL No Sampl eNo % Replacem ent

Load (KN) Displacemen t(mm)

1 1 25 19.6 5.69 2 25 21.81 5.67 3 25 24.45 4.86 2 1 50 31.65 6.19 2 50 15.96 7.36 3 50 22.95 3.25 3 1 100 19.88 7.75 2 100 21 7.96 3 100 22.92 3.24

The table clearly Depicts that 50% Filler Replacement yieldsMaximumStrengths

 Wecaninferfromthegraphsandobtainedvalues that 1% bitumen yielding a Marshall stability strength of 25.81KN, as optimum bitumen content.

 Keeping 1% Optimum bitumen content when we replacedthefillermaterialtoglasstoanextentof 25%, 50%, and 100%, at 50% filler replacement yieldedaMarshallstabilitystrengthof23.52KN.

5. CONCLUSIONS

Suitability of the locally available RAP as the surface course material in the pavement construction is possible forvillageroadswithaggregatereplacementofReclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) mix combined with a binder contentof1%ViscosityGrade30(VG 30)whichyieldeda Marshall Stability Strength of 25.81KN. Suitability of industrial waste products in enhancing performance of RAP is possible for village roads with aggregate replacementwithReclaimedAsphaltPavement(RAP)mix combined witha bindercontentof1%Viscosity Grade30 (VG 30) and with filler replacement of finely powdered industrial glass waste to be used as 50% Filler replacementwhichyieldedaMarshallStabilityStrengthof 23.52KN

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BIOGRAPHIES

B V RAJESH, M.tech Student, Department of Construction technology & Management, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka,India

Mr. KARTHIK M, Assistant Professor, Department of Construction technology & Management, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru,Karnataka,India.

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