Study and Analysis of Air Pollution Quality in Lucknow City

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Study and Analysis of Air Pollution Quality in Lucknow City

Abstract

The assessment was made at nine locations (four of which are residential, four commercial and one industrial area) to check the ambient air quality of Lucknow city in April and May 2022 it was done in the major pollutants measured were respirable particulate matter Micro particulate matter (Q25), Sulphur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, and sound levels forward 118.2 to 203.9 micrograms per month in 24 hours Found at the level of cubic meters and its average level was 157.9 micrograms per cubic meter. The Q25 was found to be at the level of 65.0 to 130.1 micrograms per cubic meter in 24 hours and the average level was 92.8 micrograms per cubic metre. Average concentration of Ch1V and Ch25 National Ambient Air Quality Standard (100 micrograms per cubic meter for Q10 and p2s for was found to be greater than 60 micrograms per cubic meter). The concentration of small amounts of metals (Si and Chap) attached to particulate matter in the city is 5.45 15.16 nanograms per cubic meter respectively, between, on average, 10.60 nanograms per cubic meter for P and 0.86 3.54 nanograms per cubic meter, for an average splash of 2.22 nanograms per cubic meter, found. Concentration of Sulphur dioxide from 9.6 to 22.2 micrograms per cubic meter and nitrogen dioxide concentrations of 28.4 to 41.6 micrograms per cubic metre Found in the middle. The average concentrations of Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were found to be 14.1 and 35.7 micrograms per cubic metre respectively, which is the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (60 micrograms per cubic meter) were less than. The day's sound level was found to be between 63.8 and 82.8 decibels and nighttime between 60.8 and 75.9 decibels, which was higher than the standards. The present study shows that the levels of respirable particulate matter, gases and sound are gradually increasing as the air quality of pre monsoon 2022 The survey was conducted after full WTPC unlock. Increasing population, food, transportation, livelihoods and increased living spaces are the major factors in increasing pollution in the city. Vehicles plying on the road, baking fire in hotels, crop combustion in the field, generators and emissions of industries are also in urban pollution. are contributors. Overall trends show that the level of air pollution in Lucknow city has increased. Due to the increase in the number of vehicles by 5.4% by 2022 in Lucknow city, there has also been an increase in fuel consumption proportionately and as a result, the level of air pollution in the city is gradually increasing.

Keyword: Air Quality, National Ambient Air Quality Standard LucknowAir Pollution, PMM

Introduction

The reason for the origin of life on earth is the circle of gases around it which is called atmosphere. "The envelope of integral gases that surrounds the Earth is calledtheatmosphere;itextendstoaheightofhundreds ofmiles."

The word 'atmosphere' is derived from the Greekwordatoms,whichmeansvapor,butstillitcannot be calleda vaporosphere, because not all gasesfoundin the atmosphere vaporize. Therefore, about the atmosphere, it is said that a sheet of gases that surrounds the earth is surrounded by the force of gravity,whichiscalledatmosphere.

Our atmosphere is a mixture of many types of gases. Nitrogen (78.09%), Oxygen (20.99%), Argon (0.93%), Carbon dioxide (0.032%), Neon (18.0 ppm), Helium (5.2 ppm), Carbon monoxide (0.25 ppm), Ozone (002ppm)intheatmosphereGaseslikeSulphurdioxide (0.001 ppm), nitrogen dioxide (0.001 ppm) etc. are found.Theamountofoxygenintheatmosphereremains constant due to the oxygen released by the plants from the process of photosynthesis. But in the last 100 years, about24lakhtonnesofoxygenhasbeenexhaustedfrom the atmosphere and replaced by 36 lakh tonnes of carbondioxide.

“Air pollution is that condition which adversely affects the health of man and his wealth. It affects different people in different ways. Its effect on the farmer is in the form of loss of his crop, on the house owner in the form of his clothes and on the general publicintheformofdeteriorationofhishealth.

According to section 2 of the Air Pollution Control and Prevention Act, 1981, air pollution means "the presence in the atmosphere of any air pollutant, whether solid, liquid or gaseous, and whose concentration in the atmosphere is such that it is not harmful tohumanbeingsor anyotherAirpollutionthat is harmful to living beings and to plants or to any propertyortotheenvironment.

Whenvariousgasesanddustparticlesmixinthe atmosphere due to human activities, they become

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

pollutants, and if their concentration becomes high then its consequences are disastrous. Human disturbances in the atmosphere prove to be more harmful than the pollutants present in the atmosphere. Some impurities arealsofoundintheairduetonaturalactivities. Thus,it is extremely difficult to obtain the purest form of air. Harmful gases such as Sulphur dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide, methane, etc., continue to get into the atmosphere through natural processes like volcanoes, decomposition of vegetation, wild fires and storms. Humans do not have the ability to stop the pollution caused by these natural processes. The effects of these natural pollutants do not produce serious air pollution.Theireffectislocalandshort lived.

Humans have a greater impact in causing serious problems of air pollution. By this combustion of organicfuel,useofpesticides,fertilizers,weedkillersfor production and protection of crops, development of nuclear energy for peaceful and war work, trains, automatic vehicles, aircraft, ships, rockets, missiles, oil refineries, Conversion of raw materials into finished goods,cleaningofland,constructionofroads,demolition andconstructionofbuildings,manufacturingofchemical products, etc. Toxic gases are emitted into the atmosphere by all those manufacturing units in some formortheother.Complexreactionstakeplacewiththe emitted gases and the gases present in the atmosphere. The processes resulting from solar radiation complicate the compounding of these gases. For example, peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) is produced when the gas emitted frompetrol poweredvehiclesreactswithsolarradiation, which is considered a major lethal pollutant. Air pollutioniseasilyspreadfarbeyonditssource.Thiscity crosses the boundaries of provinces, countries and continentsandspreadsthroughouttheglobe.Depositsof DDT have been found in the liver and fat of Penguin birds found in the uninhabited icy continent like Antarctica,whichprovesthis.

We all know that drinking dirty food makes us sick.Therefore,weavoidimpureandcontaminatedfood, wateretc.Similarly,pureairisalsonecessaryforlife.We cannot stop breathing knowing that the air is polluted andbreathingthereisinjurioustohealth.Airpollutionis the study of pollutants, their atmospheric patterns and pollutionlevels.Italsostudiestheilleffectsonthehealth of humans, plants and animals. The work related to air pollutionbygeographershasbeenlessinIndiabutmore inwesterncountries.

Significance Of Study

Air pollution has become a major challenge in Lucknow due to multiplicity and complexity of sources. Despite theimplementationofstringentabatementmeasures by the regulatory bodies, lucknow city has faced many air

pollutionproblems,especiallyparticulatematter(Chd10 and Chd25). Traffic signals have been increased to control the movement of vehicles in the city. The urban populationandeconomicdemandshaveledtoincreased open cooking and street food stall activities to the emission loads related to cooking in the ambient air. there has been an increase in. Complexity of the source The major source of airborne particulate pollution is difficult to determine. Old buildings are being demolishedinvariousareasofLucknowandexcavations are being done for the foundation building and it is a dust it is the major source. The kutcha and damaged roadsarealsoa sourceofsoilandroad dust,though the state government has announced the cleanliness programmeundertheSwachhBharatprogrammes.have taken many initiatives like, and yet there are huge garbageandgarbagedumpsinmanyresidentialareasof thecity,whichisasourceofairpollution Therearealso sources. Unusable vehicles lying on the side of the road alsoaddtothesourcesofpollution.

Therefore, it is necessary to understand the source and receptorrelationshipandtoapplyeffectivestrategiesfor emission reduction. For assessment of air pollution of Lucknowcity, CSIR IITR has beenconductingair quality surveys at 9 locations in Lucknow city since 1997 and regularly It is collaborating with the government's air pollution control programme by preparing air pollution data foridentificationofsources,inventoryof emissions and public awareness is. In pre monsoon 2022 (April to May, 2022), air quality survey was conducted at 9 locations in Lucknow which will enable industrial, residentialandcommercialareas.covers.

Conditions of the atmosphere

Atmospheric conditions play a major role in the dispersion of air pollution. study period (i.e. April May 2022) The weather conditions in Lucknow city during theareshowninFig.1.The relativehumidityinthecity duringthestudyperiodwasbetween25 75%,whilethe temperature was 24 34 degrees recorded between Celsius. between 23 and 25 May 2022 during the study period There was moderate rainfall, the maximum rainfall was recorded at 0.4 mm. Representing the direction and speed of the wind Windrose Fig. 1 shows that the dominant direction of the air flow (direction of arrival) from the east and its The latter is from east southeast.Thewindspeedwasfoundtobeveryslowfor about 2 3% and Maximum wind speed was recorded at 4 5m2sec.

Results of the survey

The detailed results ofair qualitymonitoring during the pre monsoonperiod

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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Respirable particulate matter

residential areas; In Aliganj, Vikas Nagar, Indira Nagar and Gomti Nagar, the concentration of P10 in 24 hours ranged between 78.2 and 182.2 micrograms per cubic meter and the average The concentration was 131.2 micrograms per cubic meter. business areas; The concentration of P10 in Charbagh, Alambagh, Aminabad and Chowkddha ranged between 106.0 and 268.5 micrograms per cubic metre and the average concentration was 176.8 Micrograms per cubic meter wasindustrialarea;Theaverageconcentrationofp10in theU.M.was189.6microgramspercubicmeter.

A concentration of 24 hour pd10 was observed inIndiranagarinresidentialarea;142.2microgramsper cubic metre and in commercial area Charbagh;203 9 microgramspercubic metre gone. The national ambient air quality standards prescribed at 100 micrograms per cubicmetreforallindustrial,residential,ruralandother areas;g..Theywereabovethefeet.

Micro Particulate Matter; Pd2 5Θ

residential areas; In Aliganj, Vikas Nagar, Indira Nagar and Gomti Nagar, the concentration of p 25 25% between24hoursis43.4to111.3microgramspercubic meter and average with concentration was 72.2 micrograms per cubic metre. business areas; The concentrationof P2.5inCharbagh,Alambagh,Aminabad and Chowkddha ranges between 79.3 to 16.1 micrograms per cubic meter and the average concentration is 110.4 Micrograms per cubic meter was industrialarea;Theaverageconcentrationofpeasinthe U.M.was104.7microgramspercubicmeter.

Indira Nagar ;80 5 micrograms per cubic metre residential area and Dharbagh ;130 1 microgram An average maximum concentration of Ch2.5 was observed per cubic meter and commercial area in 24 hours. All valuesofChd2.5setforcommercialresidentialruraland other areas. Fa were above 60 micrograms per cubic meter.

Sulfur Dioxide (V2)

Sulphurdioxidelevelsinresidentialareas(Aliganj,Vikas Nagar,Indira Nagarand GomtiNagar) rangefrom 8.6to 15.1 micrograms per cubic metre and average concentrationwas11.1microgramspercubicmetre.The average concentration of Sulphur dioxide in commercial

areas (Charbagh, Alambagh, Aminabad and Czech) ranged between 10.4 and 23.1 micrograms per cubic metre And the average was 15.0 micrograms per cubic meterTheaverageconcentrationofsulfurdioxideinthe industrialarea(AMAUSI)was22.2microgramspercubic meter.

The figures of sulfur dioxide determined for all locations n.. Fae were significantly below 80.0 microgramspercubicmeter.

Nitrogen-Dioxide (NO2)

Nitrogen dioxide concentrations of 23.1 to 48.4 micrograms per cubic metre in 24 hours in residential areas (Aliganj, Vikas Nagar, Indira Nagar and Gomti Nagar) The median and average concentrations were 34.9 micrograms per cubic meter. concentrations of Nitrogen dioxide in commercial areas (Charbagh, Alambagh,AminabadandCzech) between25.3and 54.8 micrograms per cubic metre and The average concentration was 35.5 micrograms per cubic meter Nitrogen dioxide average concentration in industrial areas (AMAUCI) was 39.8 micrograms per cubic meter. All figures of Nitrogen dioxide determined for all monitoringlocationsn..Fay80.0

Microgramswerewithinpercubicmeter.

Metals Found In Small Quantities

The concentration of Si in residential areas ranged between Aliganj (5.45 nanograms per cubic metre) to Vikas Nagar (15.16 nanograms per cubic metre) on average of 8.70 nanograms per cubic metre. In the commercial areas, from Chi Alambagh (9.92 nanograms per cubic meter) to Charbagh (14.60 nanograms per cubic meter) of nanograms per cubic metre, an average of12.70nanogramspercubicmetreItwasbetween.The value of 'Cy' in the industrial area of Amausi was 9.81 nanogramspercubicmeter.

Also,theconcentrationofsplashesinresidential areas ranged between Gomtinagar (1.87 nanograms per cubic metre) to Indiranagar (3.54 nanograms per cubic metre) on average 2.35 nanograms per cubic metre. In thecommercialareas,thesplashwasbetweenCharbagh (0.86 nanograms per cubic meter) to Aminabad (3.50 nanograms per cubic meter) on average 2.0 nanograms percubicmeterintheindustrialareaThevalueofsplash in Amausi was 2.53 nanograms per cubic meter.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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PM10 Level of Different Location

Concentration ( μ g/m3)

Aliganj Vikas Nagar Indira Nagar Gomti Nagar Charbagh Alambagh Aminabad Chowk Amausi NAAQS

Location

150

100

50

Min Max Avg 0

Figure1:PM10 LevelofDifferentLocation

PM2.5 Level of Different Location

Aliganj Vikas Nagar Indira Nagar Gomti Nagar Charbagh Alambagh Aminabad Chowk Amausi NAAQS Concentration ( μ g/m3)

100

Location

Min Max Avg 0

Figure2:PM2.5 LevelofDifferentLocation

Concentration ( μ g/m3) Location

50

Aliganj Charbagh Alambagh Aminabad Amausi NAAQS

SO2 Level of Different Location Min Max Avg

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0 20 40 60 80 100

Figure4:NO2 LevelofDifferentLocation

Conclusion

Air pollution has been on the rise with rapid urban development and modernization recently and its impact on human health has become an important research topic. Currently many researchers have paid more attention to the relationship between air pollution and respiratorysystemdisease.Chad2s(particlesoflessthan 2.5 micrometers in diameter) penetrate deep into the lungs,causingirritationanderosioninthealveolarwall, andconsequentlyhinderthefunctionofthelung.

Given that Chd2.5 causes asthma and respiratory inflammation, endangers the lungs and even promotes cancer, human Its effect on the respiratory system cannot be ruled out. Studies in toxicology, epidemiology, and other related fields have shown that respiratory particles are related to the incidence of humandiseasesandmortality.

References

1. Shri R.P. Dudwedi, RTO, Shri Akhilesh Kumar Dwivedi ARTO (Administration), Shri Sandeep Kumar

2. Pankaj ARTO (Enforcement), Shri P. V. Shukla (DBA) Lucknow, Shri Prashant, Assistant Regional Manager, City Transport Services Limited,Gomtinagar,Lucknow,

3. Mr. Manoj Sharma, Assistant Regional Manager, Dr. Sunil Upadhyay, Senior Station In charge, CityTransport

4. Services Ltd., Dubagga Depot, Lucknow, Shri Gaurav Kumar, Chief Manager, Retail Sales, IOC, Lucknow,

5. Lakshmi submissive Chopra, main manager, professionplan(rough),Up,BPCL,Lakshmicalm lion, sale officer, BPCL, Lucknow Lakshmi lotus flower lion, sub. general manager HPCL, Lucknow,Shivacorporation(Reendanalytic),

6. HPCL,Lucknow

7. Shri Sharat Kumar, Director Commercial, Green Gas Limited, Lucknow and Shri Praveen Pal Singh,Chief

8. Manager (Marketing), Green Gas Limited, Lucknow. We also express our heartfelt thanks and gratitude to those who provided the necessaryfacilitiesandsupporttoourfieldteam invariousmonitoringareas..