A STUDY ON ECONOMIC POSSIBILITY OF COCONUT SHELL AGGREGATE CONCRETE.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

A STUDY ON ECONOMIC POSSIBILITY OF COCONUT SHELL AGGREGATE CONCRETE.

Adfar Rafeeq1, ER.Sonia2

1 Student M.TECH civil at Desh Bhagat University Punjab India 2 Professor, Desh Bhagat University ***

Abstract

Concrete is the premier construction material around the world and is most usually employed in every kind of construction works, still as infrastructure, low and high rise buildings, and domestic developments. Inert granular materials like sand, crushed stone or gravel type the foremost necessary part of the aggregates. Traditionally, aggregates are promptly offered at economic prices and of qualities to suit all functions. But, the continued intensive extraction use of aggregates from natural resources has been questioned because of the depletion of quality primary aggregates and larger awareness of environmental protection. Wholly completely different varied waste materials and industrial by products like ash, recycled aggregates, crumb rubber, glass were replaced with natural combinations and investigated properties of the concrete. With the exception of on high of mentioned waste materials and industrial by products, few studies prove that coconut shells, the agricultural by product , will even be used as a combinationin concrete.

Aggregates supply volume at low worth, comprising sixty six you have to seventy eight you look after the concrete. This study was disbursed to figure out the probabilities of exploitation of coconut shells as a combination in concrete. Utilizing coconut shells as a combination in concrete production not alone solves the matter of disposing of this solid waste but in addition helps conserve natural resources. Throughout this analysis the physical properties of crushed coconut shellcombinations were presented.

Key Words: coconutshell,flyash,fineaggregate,coarse aggregate,water

1. INTRODUCTION

According to a report, coconut is mature in more than eighty six countries worldwide, with an entire production of fifty four billion around the bend per annum. India occupies the premier position among the globe with annualproductionof13billionaroundthebend,followed by the country and so the Philippines. Restricted analysis has been conducted on mechanical properties of concrete withcoconutshellsascombinationreplacement.However, additional analysis is needed for higher understanding of

the behavior of coconut shells as a combination in concrete.

Thus,theaimofthisworkistoprovideagreatdealofdata on the strengths of coconut shell concretes at wholly completelydifferentcoconutshells(CS)replacementsand study the transport properties of concrete with coconut shells as coarse combination replacement. Moreover, throughout this study, the impact of ash as cement replacement and combination replacement on properties of the coconut shells replaced concrete was in addition investigated.

The concrete obtained from exploitation of coconut shell aggregates satisfies the minimum requirements of concrete.Concreteexploitationofcoconutshellaggregates resulted in acceptable strength required for structural concrete. Coconut shell may offer itself as a rough combination more as a doable construction material amongthesectorofconstructionindustriesandthismight solve the environmental downside of reducing the generationofsolidwastesatconstanttime. Coconutshell concretehashigherworkabilityowingtothesleeksurface ononesideoftheshells.Theimpactresistanceofcoconut shell concrete is high compared with customary concrete. Wet mindfulness and water fascinating capability of coconut shells are a great deal compared to ancient combinations. The amount of cement content is additionallyagreatdealofoncecoconutshellsareusedas degree combinations among the assembly of concrete compared to ancient combination concrete. The presence ofsugaramongthecoconutshells,aslongasit'snotinthe associatedegreeoftheextremelyfreesugarkind,will not haveabearingonthesettingandstrengthofconcrete.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

2 Literature Review

Mostofthe manofscience usedcoconutshell because the coarse combination replacement within the productionofconcrete.TheaimofKanojiaandJain’sstudy was to spot the results of coconut shell in concrete as partialreplacementthestandardcoarsecombination.This study replaced the mixture with coconut shell by 1/3, 10%, 20%, half hour and four hundredth with zero.55 waterstocementquantitativerelation.Thestrengthofthe specimenwastakenatagesevenandtwentyeightdays.In summary, four hundredth replacement of coarse combination in concrete decreases the strength concerning twenty second within the twenty eight days strength. Coconut shell concrete shows low strength development at early age however it shows speedy strength development at later age. Moreover, concrete became lighter with replacement of coarse combination withcoconutshell.

KAKADE AND DHAWALE had done the study towards the properties of concrete containing coconut shells in terms of characteristic compressive and durability. Percentages usedforthereplacementlevelduringthisstudywere1/3, twenty fifth and five hundredth with zero.46 of water cement quantitative relation. The take a look at was run when seven and twenty eight days of specimens in action tank. Finally, researchers found that twenty fifth usage of coconut shell as replacement of combination satisfies the necessity for structural light weight concrete. However, five hundredth replacement of coarse combination with coconutshellmaybeusedforfewernecessarywork.

RAOETAL hasbeensubstituted coarse combination with coconut shell with proportions of 1/3, 100% and two hundredth.Theaimofthisstudywastoseethestrengthof coconut shell concretes at completely different replacement level and study the transport properties of concrete with coconut shells as coarse combination replacement. The specimens were tested for compression strength and split durability at age three, seven and twenty eight days. The conclusion attracts by researchers declared that the workability of concrete decrease with the addition of coconut shells. However, the workability will increase with the addition of ash as cement replacement.Moreover,the replacementofcoconutshells decreased thestrengthpropertiesofconcrete.

KAMBLI AND MATHAPATI have compared the concrete containing coconut shell as coarse combination with standardconcrete. Proportionsutilizedinthisstudywere 1/3, 10%, 20%, half hour and four hundredth. The specimens were tested with compressive strength for seven and twenty eight days. It’s found that the coconut shell may be used with proportions variable from 0% to 30% whereas 30% replacement of coarse combination in M20 grade concrete shows 23 Mpa strength in twenty eight days. apart from that, researchers found that the

coconutshellwillcutbackthefabricpriceinconstruction thanks to low price and teeming agricultural waste apart fromit'spotentialaslight weightcombination.

YERRAMALA AND C have conducted experimental investigation by commutation coarse combination with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of coconut shell as combination replacement to review the properties of concrete with coconutshell.Testsweremetedoutatageone,sevenand twenty eight days. Workability of the concrete decreases because the coconut shell is more. Moreover, each compressive and split durability of concrete containing coconut shell decreased compared to regulate concrete. even supposing, there's several blessings of exploitation construction and agriculture wastes as replacement material in concrete, but the concrete made should befits the quality. Hence, the determination of properties of the substitutionmaterialsisincrediblynecessaryasaresultof it will offers result to the concrete strength either it will willincreaseordecreasestheconcretestrength.

METHODOLOGY

The ingredients of concrete i.e. cement, fine aggregate, coconut shells are tested before manufacturing concrete. As per Indian normal codes numerous check are conductedoningredientsmaterialoftheconcretesuchas: Cement ● NormalConsistencyofCement

● Firstly the dry ingredients cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and coconut shells are fed in mixer and completely mixed to make sure even distribution. Then water is intercalary and also the combine is sustained. Production of mixture of grade M 30 is carried by IS technique ofconcretecombinedesign(IS 10262 1982).

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

● The numerous check that were conducted on fresh concrete to research various properties of coconut shell aggregate concrete were slump and compactionissuecheck.

● Coconutshellconcreteismadebyaddingcoconut shells in numerous percentages of replacement forcoarseaggregate.Detailsofspecimenareaunit givenbelow:

● Cube for compressive strength check of size 150 millimetrex150millimetrex150millimetre

● Cylinder for tensile strength check of 150 millimetrediameterand300millimetreheight

● Waterabsorptioncheckwasconjointlyconducted on the sample cube to check water absorption of thesample.

Finally value estimation was in hot water the producing method of coconut shell aggregate concrete therefore on studytheeconomicviabilityofthecoconutshellascoarse aggregate.

2 Material Used

The constituent materials utilized in this investigation were procured from native sources. These materials area unit needed by conducting numerous tests. Due to these results we tend to were outline what form of materials areaunitused.Wetendtoareaunitvictimizationcement, fly ash, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, coconut shells andwater.

CEMENT

Ordinary portland cement of C53 grade orthodox to each the wants of IS: 12269 and ASTM C 642 82 type I was used. We tend to area unit conducting differing kinds of tests on cement, those are traditional Consistency, Initial and Final setting times, Compressive strength of cement, relative density and Fineness of cement. From the check resultsobtainedthestandardconcretemaybedesignedin linewithIS10262 82(MIXstyleCODE).FinallyM30Grade concreteisintended.

COARSEAGGREGATE

Normal aggregate that’s crushed blue granite of most size twenty millimetre was used as coarse combination. We tend to area unit conducting tests on coarse combination areaunitWaterAbsorptioncapability,relativedensityand FinenessModulusofcoarseaggregate.

FINEAGGREGATE

Well graded stream sand passing through four.75 millimetre was used as fine combination. The sand was

dry and sieved to get rid of any foreign particles before mixture. We tend to area unit conducting tests on fine combination area unit Water Absorption capability, relativedensityandFinenessModulusoffineaggregate.

FLY ASH

Fly ash closely resembles volcanic ashes utilized in production of the earliest well known hydraulic cements concerning a pair of,300 years ago. Those cements were createdclosetothelittleItaliancityofPozzuoli thatlater gave its name to the term pozzolan. A pozzolan is siliceous/aluminous material that, once mixed with lime and water, forms a building material compound. Ash is thatthebestwell known,andoneineveryoftheforemost ordinarily used, pozzolans within the world. Rather than volcanoes, today’s ash comes primarily from coal fired, electricity generatingpowerplants.

COCONUT SHELL

The palm is one amongst the foremost helpful plants within the world. Coconut is grown in ninety two countries within the world. International production of coconut is fifty one billion nuts from a locality of twelve million hectares. Coconut shells that were already broken into 2 items were collected from native temple; air dried for 5 days more or less at the temperature of twenty five to thirty C; removed fiber and husk on dried shells; any broken the shells into little chips manually mistreatment hammer and sieved through 12.5mm sieve. The fabric tried and true 12.5mm sieve was wont to replace coarse mixture with coconut shells. The fabric maintained on 12.5mm sieve was discarded. Water absorption of the coconut shells was {8 may 1945|V E Day|8 May 1945|V day} and relative density at saturated surface dry conditionofthefabricwasfoundas1.33.

WATER

The quality of water is very important as a result of contaminantswilladverselyhaveaneffectonthestrength ofconcreteandcausecorrosionofthesteelreinforcement. Water used for manufacturing and solidification concrete ought to be moderately clean and free from harmful substances like oil, acid, alkali, salt, sugar, silt, organic matterandalternativecomponentsthatareaunitharmful to the concrete or steel. If the water is drinkable, it’s thought of to be appropriate for concrete creating. Hence, potable H2O was utilized in this study for admixture and curing. Fine particles passing through IS sieve nine, IS sieve 15, IS sieve 30 were taken and analyzed with none treatment.Conjointlycoconutshellsfinespassingthrough IS sieve fifteen was taken and analyzed with treatment. Thetreatmentconsistedofsoakingthecoconutshellsfine particlesinwaterfordurationsofthirtymin,1h,2h,and 1day,twodaysandconjointlysoakedwithhotwaterfor2 h.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

3. Tests And Results

● SLUMPTEST

Table1WorkabilityofCoconutShellConcrete

Test 0% 2.5% 5% 7.5% 10% Slump(mm) 84 63 68 73 80 Compaction Factor 0.912 0.915 0.917 0.921 0.925

WorksLimitationsOfSlumpTest

Followingarethelimitations

1.Not suitable for concrete containing aggregates larger than40mm.

2.Notsuitableforconcreteofdrymix.

3.Notsuitableforverywetconcrete.

4.Notreliablebecauseslumpmaybeofanyshape

● COMPACTIONFACTORTEST

Table3RecommendedValuesOfWorkabilityForVarious PlacingConditions

Conditions Degree Values of Workability

Concretingof shallowsections withvibrations Verylow 0.75 to 0.80 compacting factor

Concreting of lightly reinforced sections with vibrations

Concretingof lightlyreinforced sectionswithout vibrations or heavily reinforced sections with vibrations

Low 0.80 to 0.85 compacting factor

0.85 to 0.92 compacting factoror

Medium

Concreting of heavily reinforced sections without vibrations High Above 0.92 compacting factor.

Followingaretheadvantages:

1

.Suitablefortestingworkabilityinlaboratories

2.Suitableforconcreteoflowworkability

3 . Suitable to detect the variation in workability over a widerange

4.Itsresultsaremorepreciseandsensitive.

●

COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHTEST

Compressivestrengthisoutlinedasresistanceofconcrete to axial lading. Cells are place within the machine and formerly strain its wheel begin button is ironed as pressure is begin to use. Reading of cadence is compose oncecracksareaunitthereoncells.Compressivestrength iscalculatedbyfollowingformula

CompressiveStrength=p/A

WherePisloadandAisareaofcube

● WATERABSORPTIONTEST

The increase in weight as a percentage of the original weight is expressed as its absorption (%). The average absorption of the test samples shall not be greater than 5%withnoindividualunitgreaterthan7%.

Table5

Coarse Aggregate replaced by

Waterabsorption(%)

M30 COCONUT 0.5 hr 1hr 24 hr 72 hr 168 hr 4.46 4.5 4.76 4.86 6.11

● SPLITTINGTENSILESTRENGTHTEST

Thetensilestrengthofconcreteisoneoftheintroductory and important parcels. Unyoking tensile strength test on concrete cylinder is a system to determine the tensile strength of concrete. The concrete is veritably weak in pressure due to its brittle nature and isn’t anticipated to repel the direct pressure. The concrete develops cracks when subordinated to tensile forces. Therefore, it’s necessarytodetermine the tensilestrengthofconcrete to determine the cargo at which the concrete members may crack.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

TABLE6:SplittingTensileStrengthofCylinders

Concre te Mix

SPLITTING TENSILESTRENGTH (N/mm2) 7 days 14 days 28 days

M30

DESCRIPTION

Conventional 1.93 2.51 3.71

Coarse aggregate replacedwith coconut shells

3. CONCLUSIONS

1.47 2.05 2.50

Kanojia Aand Jain SK 2017 Performance ofcoconutshell ascoarsetotalinconcreteConstr.Figure.Mammy.140pp 150 156

Majid Ali and Nawawi Chouw, “ Coir Fibre and Rope Reinforced Concrete Beam Under Dynamic lading ”, Thesis UniversityofAuckland,NewZealand,2009.

Manpreet Kaur, Maninder Kaur, ” A review of application of coconut shell as total inR.Nagalakshmi,2014 “ Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics on M 25 Concrete with Partial relief of Cement with Fly Ash and Coarse Aggregate with Coconut Shell ”, International Journal of Science & Engineering Research, 2013,Vol. 4, Issue 1.pp. 1 11, ISSN publish 0976 6502, ISSN Online 0976 6510.

It’s analyzed that within the replacement of coarse aggregatewithcoconutshellifincreasewithinthepercent ofreplacementitreducedthecompressivestrengthofthe concrete.

● It’s ascertained during this study that flexural strength of concrete reduces because the percent ofreplacementiswillincrease.

● Density reduced at the increment of percent replacement.

● Workability will increase because the p.c of replacement will increase because the slump factorandcompactionfactorwillincrease.

So, coconut shell is used as partial replacement of coarse aggregate, as there’s marginal distinction in strength between coconut shell and convention aggregate. As a resultofit’samaterialandextravagantlyaccessiblewithin thespace of its production andclosetothe businessused coconut, one will cut back the effective price of the concrete and it’s conjointly useful for the environmental purposeofread.

REFERENCES

P.Ries,J.Speck,(2015), “Experimental StudyonStrength Characteristics of M25 Concrete with Partial relief of coarsetotalwithcoconutshellandcementwithFlyAsh”, International Journal ofInnovative explorationin Science, EngineeringandTechnology.

Kakade S A and Dhawale A W 2015 Light Weight AggregateConcretebyUsingCoconutShellInt.J.Tech.Res. Appl.3pp127 129

KambliPSandMathapatiS R2014CompressiveStrength ofConcretebyUsingCoconutShellIOSRJ.Eng.4pp1 7

RaoKV,SwaroopAHL,RaoPKRandBharathCN2015 StudyonStrengthparcelsofCoconutShellAggregateInt.J. Civ.Eng.Technol.6pp42 61

Harle,S.M.( 2016). A Review on Partial relief of Coarse Aggregate With Coconut Shell In The Concrete. Journal of RecentConditioninginArchitecturallores,1(3).

Yerramala A and R C 2012 Properties of Concrete with Coconut Shells as Aggregate relief Int.J. Eng. Construct. 1 pp21 31(21)SheikhKhalidF,ShahHermanH,AzmiN

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2610