Investigation And Improvement of Road Pavement Section For Rankuva Crossing To Chikhali-Vansda Road by IRJET Journal

Investigation And Improvement of Road Pavement Section For Rankuva Crossing To Chikhali-Vansda Road

Mr. Bhoya Mehul R.1 , Mr. Shrinath Karli 2

1Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hasmukh Goswami College of Engineering, Gujarat, India, 2Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hasmukh Goswami College of Engineering, Gujarat, India ***

Abstract - Highwaypavementsaredeterioratingfastdue to lack of timely maintenance, leading to higher vehicle operating costs, increasing number of accidents etc. Thus, timely maintenance of the highway pavement is essential. Because, once pavements start to deteriorate; they deterioraterapidlybeyondthepointwheremaintenanceis effective.Thus,thereisanurgentneedtodevelopastrategy for maintenance of pavementin a huge highwaynetwork. Priorityofvariousmaintenanceactivitiestobecarriedout onpavementsections.Maintenancepriorityofthepavement is based on importance of the road sections, present road conditions, and future road conditions. In this study, a strategyformaintenanceofhighwaypavementisproposed. In this study consists of detailed analysis of all aspects of pavementconditionresultingintheidentificationofspecific problems and their causes. The data type required for analysis range from simple data such as pavement design featuresandpavementgeometrics,todetaileddataobtained fromdestructivetestingandnon destructivetestingFirstly, failurepatternswillclassifybetweenRankuvaCrossingTo Chikhali Vansda Highway in existing pavement by visual inspection. Secondly, I will study Visual maintenance and structuralmaintenance.Forstructuralmaintenance,stress and deflection of Rankuva Crossing To Chikhali Vansda Highwaywilldeterminebyusingthevariousmethods.

Keywords: Highway, Pavements, Maintenance, Stress

1. INTRODUCTION

GujaratstateisoneofthemostprosperousstatesinWestern Indiaandhavingagoodtransportationinfrastructurewith an extensive road network. The Road & Buildings Department (RBD) of Gujarat government is primarily responsible for construction and maintenance of roads including state highways and panchayat roads in Gujarat Thisdepartmentisoperatingthrough6wingsgeographical spreadacrossthestatein33districts.Thereare1national Expressway,17nationalhighways andmorethan300state highwaysinGujarat.Thestatehighwaysarearterialroutes ofastate,linkingdistrictheadquartersandimportanttowns withinthestateandconnectingthemwithnationalhighways orhighwaysoftheneighbouringstates.Gujaratisoneofthe versatile and dynamic states in India. The state has established itself on stronger economic foundation. Over the last decade the name of “Gujarat” has emerged synonymous with progress and vibrancy. Government of

GujaratthroughRoadsandBuildingsDepartment(R&B)is thrivingtodeliverbetterthanthebestroadinfrastructurefor the communities. Gujarat roads, managed by R&B, are knownasoneofthebestinthecountry.R&Bissuccessfully managingitsroadassetsthroughvariousflagshipprograms ofGovernmentofGujarat,besidesmultilateralfundingand PublicPrivateParticipation.

2. OBJECTIVE

 To get the overview of existing traffic flow, surface condition,geometryetc.



To analyse existing road condition to find out possible causesofroadstretchdeterioration

 To prepare a maintenance strategy of the selected pavementsection.

 ToPreparetheOverlaydesignfortheimprovementofthe pavementsection.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

In 2020, Andrey Korochkin [1] In this research paper Modern methods of designing road pavements, developed for transport and operational conditions that wererelevant30 50yearsago,donotfullymeetthemodern requirements and need to be adjusted. Many of the parametersusedinthedesignofroadpavements,described intheapplicable regulatory documents,have not changed formanyyearsand,asshownbythematerialsofthestudies, are objectively outdated (axle load, increase in traffic intensity,reductioncoefficients).Theiradjustmentrequires seriouscomprehensiveresearch.Theconductedstudiesand theelasticitymodulicalculatedontheir basishaveshown thattheirvalueswillincreaseovertime.Takingintoaccount thetrendstowardstrafficintensityincreaseonhighways,as well asthe appearance ofanincreasingnumberof heavy duty vehicles in traffic flows, serious attention should be paid to the construction of highways with rigid road pavementsthatsuccessfullycopewithhighloadsandextend thedurabilityofhighways.

In2022, ZhuhuanLiu,RomainBalieu,NikiKringos [2] In this paper Road maintenance is confronted with an increasingchallengeofsustainability.Inaccordancewiththe perspectives of performance, cost, and sustainability,

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different tools and concepts for pavement maintenance effectiveness evaluation and optimization have been identified and categorized. On the one hand, the growing concernsaboutlifecyclecostandlifecycleenvironmental impacts consolidate the systematic scope of pavement maintenance effectiveness; on the other hand, with the complicated immense road infrastructure system, these concernsentangletheevaluationprocess,especiallywhenit is constructed on an unstandardized maintenance effectiveness evaluation system and embryonic pavement LCA framework. From a more fundamental point of view, thisreviewhasindicatedthecurrentpavementmaintenance effectiveness evaluation is mostly built on many different deterioration models that lack consistencies, making it intractabletocomparestudiesfromdifferentregions.Such requirements demand more future pavement vehicle interaction studies to establish the correlations between different deterioration conditions and corresponding environmental impacts and would require an interaction withmaterialmodelsthatincludelongtermdegradationon thecombinedenvironmentalandmechanicalloading.

In 2013, Arpan Ghosh, Padmarekhab J, Murali Krishnan [3] In this paper For the detailed mechanistic empirical pavement design of asphalt pavement as per AASHTO, an extensive traffic, weather and material characterizationdataarerequired.Thetrafficdataincludes number of various classes of truck including hourly and monthlytrafficvariation,axleloaddataofvariousclassof vehicleanditsdistribution.Weatherdataincludeshourlyair temperature and other factors that relate pavement temperaturetotheairtemperature.Inthisinvestigation,the weather was collected for the Chennai city and the traffic dataforanhighwaynearChennai.Itwasobservedthatthe ruttingresponseofthebituminouslayerexceedthetarget rutting in less than 3 years. In this design process, the pavementtemperaturepredictionusingthedesignsoftware wascarriedoutusingthesameEnhancedIntegratedClimate ModelthatwasrecommendedbyAASHTO.Itisclearthatthe materialcharacterizationgreatlyinfluencesthedesignofthe flexiblepavements.Bituminouspavementdesign,depending on the rigor required, involves large data. A concerted attempt by all the stakeholders is required to collect rigorous data for a wide range of traffic, climate and bituminousmixturesandbinders.

In2019, ShadiSaadeh,AvinashRalla,YazanAl Zubi , Rongzong Wu, John Harvey [4] This paper presents the research undertaken to build test sections (asphalt and concrete)basedonthenewdesignmethoddevelopedusing the mechanistic empirical design approach by UCPRC at CSULB.Instrumentationof pressure cellsandstraingages wasperformedduringconstructionoftestsectionsinorder to collect stress and strain data of both test sections. The collected data from pressure cells and strain gages were analyzed,andgraphswereplottedtostudythepatternand trendinthedatasets. Thecollecteddatahasrevealedthat

thereisadifferenceintheperformanceofbothtestsections. Theasphalttestsectiondataresultsshowedhighreadingsof vertical pressure on the top of subgrade when compared withtheconcretesection. Theverticalstrainintransverse direction at the bottom of the asphalt surface layer was recorded high in comparison to the concrete test section. Theverticalstraininthetransversedirectionwaslowwhen comparedtotheverticalstraininthelongitudinaldirection atthebottomofconcretesurfacelayer.Thecollecteddatais beingusedtoevaluatetheperformanceofbothtestsections. Based on the performance evaluation results, it was determinedthatitispossibletodevelopandimplementthe fully permeable pavement design as part of a sustainable transportationforfreeways.

In 2021, Sushmita Bhandari, Xiaohua Luo, Feng Wang[5]ThispaperpresentsPavementageplaysavitalrole inthedevelopmentofdistresses.Ruttingandroughnessare increasingwithtime.Theuseoftrafficdataintheanalysis has been particularly helpful in assessing pavement performance patterns. Rutting and roughness are significantlyinfluencedbyheavyvehicleloads.Forroughness and alligator cracking, HMAC thickness is statistically significant.Meanroughnessindexvaluedecreaseswiththe increase of HMAC layer thickness. Meanwhile, alligator cracks are observed more on a thicker HMAC layer. Moreover,theanalysisresultrevealsthatHMACthickness has no significant effect on rutting. Base type is another crucial design factor affecting rutting, roughness, and alligator cracking. The best performance was shown by asphalttreatedbasewithdrainage(ATB/PATB).Thebase types combined with drainage result in lower distresses. Environmental data (temperature and precipitation) also havesignificanteffectsonrutting,roughness,andalligator cracking.

In 2022, Mansour Tohidi, Navid Khayat, Abdoulrasoul Telvari [6] This research revealed that the manualmethod’stotalpavementthicknessvariesdepending ontheprojectcomparedtotheGAandPSOalgorithms.Thus, given theultimate goal of minimizing pavementthickness design costs, the optimized algorithms combine with the lowestpossiblecostsbyvaryingthelayerthicknessesand takingtheircostsintoaccount.Thisstudydemonstratedthe effect of the project’s location on the preparation of constructionmaterials.Giventhatthedistancetraveledby materialstoreachtheprojectlocationcanaffecttheproject’s final costs, the optimization algorithms choose the layer thicknesses based on material transportation costs to the project location. If the layer’s materials are expensive, a thinnerlayerischosen.Asaresult,itcanbeconcludedthat the difference or similarity in cost reduction percentages betweentheGAandPSOtechniquesandthemanualmethod is determined by the algorithm’s searching nature and power.

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In2022, YaningQiao,YaruGuo,AnneM.K.Stoner, Jo˜aoSantos[7]InthispaperClimatechangeinducedcosts willbeinevitable.Roadagenciesneedtoplanforadditional budgetsforclimateadaptationregardlessoftheapproach theytake.Climatechangewillhavegreaterimpactsonthe costs incurred during the maintenance and EOL phases, compared to other phases. User costs are typically a dominatingpartofLCC,accountingfor76 85%ofthetotal LCC,eventhoughtheyaretheLCCcomponentleastaffected by climate change. Climate was found to be a medium sensitiveinputofpavementLCC.Toachieveamoreaccurate quantificationoftheclimate inducedeconomiclosses/gains, higher sensitive inputs (e.g., gasoline/diesel fuel consumption models) must be predicted with greater accuracy.Withpassiveclimateadaptation,pavementLCCare estimated to increase by 0.08 0.21% per ◦C increase in temperature,whereasagencycostsareprojectedtoincrease 0.41 1.43% for the same temperature increase. Climate change (per ◦C) alone will cause approximately $650 700 million/yearofadditionalagencycostsnationwide.

In2016, AbhayTawalare,K.VasudevaRaju[8]The objectiveofthepaperistodevelopaPavementPerformance Index for rural roads to assess the performance of these roads. Through expert opinion the various pavement deterioratingparameterslikeunevenness,skidresistance, CBR,potholes,ravelling,rutdepth,camber,carriagewidth and thickness, drainage conditions, edge break, patching, cracking, condition of shoulder and age were identified specifically for Indian rural roads. To calculate Pavement Performance Index simple formula is suggested which depends on rating and weight age of each deteriorating parameter. The various rating criteria for each parameter aretabulatedthroughliteraturereviewandweightagefor each parameter was calculated through questionnaire survey.Thisformulawillbeveryusefultofieldengineersof PMGSY to calculate the Pavement Performance Index for ruralroads.ThePPIwillbeusefultoprepareprioritylistof ruralroadsforrepairandmaintenanceschedule.

In2018, RaidR.A.Almuhanna,HusseinAliEwadh, Saja J.M. Alasadi [9] Pavement Condition evaluation by PAVER6.5.7showedthatthecurrentstatusfortheselected zoneofroadsnetwork inKCCingeneralhavesatisfactory condition.

IntegratingPAVER6.5.7withGIShelpsIdentifyingsections with the specific PCI. This will give easiness to assign the location of best and worst sections. The majority of local sectionshavelowvaluesofPCIandthearterialsectionshave thebestcondition.Thisinductsthemaintenanceactivities uniformly for the network. Systematically, the current maintenanceworksarenotproperlymanaged.Thelackof maintenanceinthepastdecadesformanysectionscreated severely distressed pavement requiring comprehensive rehabilitation programs. Priority of maintenance can be estimatedaccordingtothelayoutofintegrityPAVER&GIS to help decision makers and assure efficient maintenance

management. Pavement condition decreases with age of pavement for all stranded sections in a trend agree with otherstudies.

In2019, OthmanAl Shareedah,SomayehNassiri, ZhaoChen,KarlEnglund,HuiLi,OsamaFakron[10]Inthis paperCCFCMelementsdispersedwellinPCmixturewithout creating clumps and balls. CCFCM PC specimens showed comparable7and28 daysMR,f’t,andf’cwiththeControl, despitetheincreaseintheirporosities.Itisanticipatedthat increasing the CCFCM dosage without reducing aggregate content would further enhance the flexural and tensile strengthofPC.Theresultsofthetestedcores(extractedfrom thefield)showedthatCCFCM 7sectionachievedthehighest strengthcomparedtoothersections.Pavementloadtesting wasconductedusinglightweightdeflectometer(LWD)test and the results indicated that CCFCM PC sections showed lessdeflectionthantheControlunderthesameappliedload. Further research is needed to quantify the required compactionefforttobeappliedonfreshPCtoachievethe desiredmechanicalproperties.

In2021, PrzemysławRokitowski,JoannaBz´owka, MarcinGrygierek[11]Inthispaperincreasedmoisturethat occurspermanentlyintheroadstructure,e.g.duetothehigh GWT level, causes unfavorable working conditions for the pavement under traffic load. As can be seen from the observations in this paper, long term operation of the pavementintheconditionsofGWToccurrenceatthelevelof 30 60 cm below the pavement surface, resulted in a reductionoftheunboundbaselayermoduliby35% 70%. Asaresult,intherightwheeltrackontheroadsectionunder observation, despite the rehabilitation works undertaken, thepavementshowedcharacteristicdamagesafteroneyear of operation. significant observation resulting from the presented research is the importance of the proper pavementdiagnosticsprocess.Takingintoaccountnotonly economic,butalsoenvironmentalandsocialconsiderations, it should be clearly emphasized that the key aspect of the proper maintenance of road pavements is their regular diagnostics. This is especially important in countries with cold climates, where the water retained in the pavement structure thaws each year in the spring, and thus the moisture of the lower layers of the pavement structure increases.

In2022, SalvatoreCafiso,AlessandroDiGraziano, ValeriaMarchetta,GiuseppinaPappalardo[12]Inthispaper results confirmed the lack of correlation of vibrations in bikesande scooterwithIRIthemostknownstandardKPI forroadpavementsurface,howistheoreticallyexpectedand experimentally tested in the study. Despite the topic of smartphone and probe vehicles is widely discussed in the literature, in the author knowledge that is one of the few studies that combine bike and e scooter vehicles with a detailedreportofpavementconditionsintermsofdistress featuresandroadprofilecharacteristics.Atthepresentstage of the research and as reported in the literature, it is not

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

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possible toclassifypavementdistressatthesame level of accuracy (e.g. extension and width of cracking, area and depthofpotholes)availablefromdirectmeasurementslike has been done in the present study with ARAN. While outliers are more difficult to be used for detailed classificationofdistresstypology(e.g.potholesvs.humps) anditscharacteristics(e.g.potholeareaanddepth).Inthis perspectives, extension of quality database with different distresstypologiesandseverities,asproposedinthepresent study, can provide a suitable set of data also to apply advancedartificialintelligenceclassificationtechniques.

In2018,TakahiroTsubota,CelsoFernando,Toshio Yoshii,HirotoshiShirayanagi [13]InthispaperThisstudy exploredtheeffectofpavementtypesandtheiragesonthe accidentriskonurbanexpresswayroutes.Threepavement types were compared: drainage pavement (DP), dense particlesizeascon(DPSA)anddenseparticlesizegaptype ascon (DPSGTA). The analysis for dense particle size gap typeascon(DPSGTA)suggeststhattheriskofaccident on tight curvesectionspavedwithDPSGTAtendstodecrease onnormalweatherconditionforthefirstyears.Moreover, the surface of DPSGTA is basically composed by micro texture,whichprovideshighfriction.Forsectionspavedof dense particle size ascon (DPSA), the surface is basically composedofmacrotexture.Thus,thedecreasingtrendofthe accident risk along the time on curve sections could be associated with driver’s awareness to danger. The macrotexturehasapoorfrictioncapacity,andcurvesections areknowntobeaccidentpronegeometry.Thereforedrivers wouldbeawareofthedanger,andcouldfeelforcedtodrive withcaution.

In2020, AdityaSingh,AkashSharma,TanujChopra [14] In this paper This paper deals with the prediction, comparisonandanalysisoftheoverlaytobeprovidedover theexistingpavementoftheNationalhighwayinthestateof Haryana, India using the salient features of KGPBACK, IITPAVEandHDM 4.Inthisstudy,deflectionmeasurements werecarriedoutonthepavementusingtheestablishedFWD systemonthethreeselectedsectionsclassifiedasH 1,H 2 and H 3 based upon the pavement condition. The accountability of the provided overlay thickness was ensured by the HDM 4 software as it depicted a clear decrease in the cracking, ravelling, rutting and roughness distress values. The improvement in conditions of all pavement sections on modelling the bituminous overlay maintenancestrategysuggestedthatifsuchstrategiesare appliedontheIndianroadsitwouldincreasethelifetimeof theIndianHighwayRoads.

In2020, IrinaDemyanushko,VladimirNadezhdin, Valeriy Stain,Oleg Titov [15] Based on the results of the study,Mobileroadpavementsmadeofhigh molecularLPP may deform or detach from the ground, therefore, their analysis shall be performed with account for the physical, geometric,andstructuralnonlinearityoftheproblem.When awheelloadisapplied,outofthefourconnectionoptions,

thepreferenceshouldbegiventotheoptionwithtwotiesin theslabcorners.Inthiscase,themaximumslabdeflectionis relativelysmall(4.45cm),themaximumtensilestressesin theslabareequalto19.78MPaanddonotexceedtheyield strength for high molecular LPP, and the depth of plastic strains’developmentinthebasesoilequalto1misalmost thesameasintheotherthreeconnectionoptions.Whena tracked load is applied, the optimal solution is to use a structurewithtwotiesintheslabcorners.Inthiscase,the maximumslabdeflectionwas2.62cm,themaximumtensile stresseswere3.89MPa,andthemaximumdepthofplastic strains’developmentinthebasesoilwas1.25m.MRSsmade ofhigh molecularLPPcanberecommendedforuseinthe ArcticzoneofRussia.However,furtherresearchisneededto studytheiruseonfrozensoils.

4. CONCLUSION

FromThisLiteratureReview findthegapthat,the variouspavementdeterioratingparameterslikeunevenness, skidresistance,CBR,potholes,ravelling,rutdepth,camber, carriage width and thickness, drainage conditions, edge break, patching, cracking, condition of shoulder and age were identified specifically for Indian rural roads. To calculate Pavement Performance Index simple formula is suggestedwhichdependsonratingandweightageofeach deterioratingparameter.Generalinformationofpavement Improvement & management system, development of strategy for road, Pavement performance studies, prioritization of road for improvement are carried out.Priorityofvariousmaintenanceactivitiestobecarried out on pavement sections. Maintenance priority of the pavement is based on importance of the road sections, presentroadconditions,andfutureroadconditions.Inthis study,a strategyformaintenance ofhighwaypavement is proposed. In this study consists of detailed analysis of all aspectsofpavementconditionresultingintheidentification ofspecificproblemsandtheircauses.

REFERANCES

[1] Andrey Korochkin “Specifics of calculating required strengthofhighwaypavements ”(2020)

[2]ZhuhuanLiu,RomainBalieu,NikiKringos“Integrating sustainability into pavement maintenance effectiveness evaluation:Asystematicreview”(2022)

[3] Arpan Ghosh, Padmarekhab J, Murali Krishnan “Implementation and Proof Checking of Mechanistic EmpiricalPavementDesignforIndianHighwaysUsing

AASHTOWAREPavementMEDesignSoftware”(2013)

[4]ShadiSaadeh,AvinashRalla,YazanAl Zubi,Rongzong Wu,JohnHarvey“Applicationoffullypermeablepavements as a sustainable approach for mitigation of stormwater runoff”(2019)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

[5] Sushmita Bhandari, Xiaohua Luo, Feng Wang “Understandingthe effectsofstructural factorsandtraffic loadingonflexiblepavementperformance”,(2021)

[6] Mansour Tohidi, Navid Khayat, Abdoulrasoul Telvari “The use of intelligent search algorithms in the cost optimizationofroadpavementthicknessdesign”,(2022)

[7] YaningQiao,YaruGuo,AnneM.K.Stoner,Jo˜aoSantos“ Impactsoffutureclimatechangeonflexibleroadpavement economics: A life cycle costs analysis of 24 case studies acrosstheUnitedStates”,(2022)

[8] Abhay Tawalare, K. Vasudeva Raju “ Pavement PerformanceIndexforIndianruralroads,(2016)

[9] Raid R.A. Almuhanna, Hussein Ali Ewadh, Saja J.M. Alasadi“UsingPAVER6.5.7andGISprogramforpavement maintenance management for selected roads in Kerbala city”,(2018)

[10]OthmanAlShareedah,SomayehNassiri,ZhaoChen,Karl Englund, Hui Li, Osama Fakron, “Field performance evaluationofperviousconcretepavementreinforcedwith noveldiscretereinforcement,(2019)

[11] Przemysław Rokitowski, Joanna Bz´owka, Marcin Grygierek, “ Influence of high moisture content on road pavementstructure:APolishcasestudy”,(2021)

[12] Salvatore Cafiso, Alessandro Di Graziano , Valeria Marchetta,GiuseppinaPappalardo,“ Urbanroadpavements monitoring and assessment using bike and e scooter as probevehicles”,(2022)

[13] Takahiro Tsubota, Celso Fernando, Toshio Yoshii, HirotoshiShirayanagi ,“EffectofRoadPavementTypesand AgesonTrafficAccidentRisks”,(2018)

[14] AdityaSingh,AkashSharma,TanujChopra,“ANALYSIS OF THE FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT USING FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETERFORINDIANNATIONALHIGHWAYROAD NETWORK”,(2020)

[15] Irina Demyanushko,Vladimir Nadezhdin, Valeriy Stain,Oleg Titov, “ Digital modeling of the mechanics of mobile road pavements made of high molecular low pressurepolyethyleneforapplicationintheArctic”,(2020)

Books:

1. TrafficEngineering(L.R.Kadaliya)

HighwayEngineering(S.K.Khanna&C.E.G.Justo)