Iot Based Smart School Bus Monitoring and Security System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Iot Based Smart School Bus Monitoring and Security System

Venkateshan.R1 , Kalai Mani.M2 , Nithishwar.M3 , Prawin Kumar.P4

Department of ECE, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore 641004, India. ***

Abstract Having a secured transportation service is not only mandatory to travel agencies but also to educational institutions especially to those having kids under the age of 10 admitted to them. Our proposed system is capable of showing real time information like the students onboard, location, route, speed, and enables the parents to be notified whentheir ward boards and alights the bus. We have used GPS and face recognition technologies to connect them to a remote server over WiFi using a Raspberry Pi microcontroller. An Ublox 6M GPS module is used to locate the current geographic coordinates of the bus as well as its speed. The face recognition module identifies each student whenever they board or alight the bus by scanning their image and comparing it with the already trained images which are stored in the cloud. Raspberry Pi takes care of uploading the information fromthe peripherals. This information can be proctored by the parents as well as the school administration through a mobile application and this helps them track their wards effectively.

Keywords: Raspberry Pi, GPS, Firebase, IoT

I. INTRODUCTION

Notwithstandingtothefactthatpunctualityisadisciplineto beinculcatedsincetheschooldays,therewillbesituations whereweboundtofailatit.Suchisthecasewithgettingon timetoboardtheschoolbus.Incaseofthestudentbeingina classbelowfive,itwouldbe mandatoryfortheparents to pick them upfromtheschool oncetheydescendfromthe bus. Likewise, having a sound transportation service is inevitableforaneducationalinstitutionwhichwouldaspire toreacheventherootsofthecountry.Inordertomakeall thesewishescometrue,wehavedesignedasystemwhich wouldprovidethecompletestatusofschoolstudentstothe school management. Our proposed system tracks the live location,thespeed,listofstudentsonthebuswithminimal cost.Theschoolmanagementandparentscancontinuously monitorthebuswhichwillensurethestudent’ssafetywhile pickingupanddroppingoff.

GPS module continuously tracks the geographical coordinates of the bus and uploads that onto the firebase databasethroughtheWi Fiavailableinthemicrocontroller. This data can be accessed by the parents as well as management through a mobile application that gets the latitudeand longitudefrom thedatabaseand plotsit on a map.GPS(GlobalPositioningSystem)andGooglemapsare used for navigation and display services respectively. The proposed system notifies the parent when the particular

studentisrecognized bythe facerecognitionmodule. The microcontrollersendshis/heruniqueIDtothefirebaseand the notification will be sent to that particular parent. The proposedsystemalsoallowsparentstonotifyiftheirwardis absentfromtheschoolsothatdriverneednotwaitforthe particularstudentatthestop.Theresearchundertakenby NationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationintheUSA notes that when comparing the number of fatalities of children aged 5 to 18 years during normal school transportationhours,schoolbusesare87timessaferthan privatecars.Headlineslike“Girldiesinbustragedy”from theMay18,2010issueofthePeninsulanewspaperinQatar seem to be repeated several times every year in different placesoftheworld.Thus,theproposedsystemwill notify theparentsiftheirchildrenhavereachedtheschoolsafely andcontinuouslymonitorstheschoolbus.

II. MODULES USED

A. Raspberrypi3B+

The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ is the latest product in the RaspberryPi3range,boastinga64 bitquad coreprocessor running at 1.4GHz, dual band 2.4GHz and 5GHz wireless LAN,Bluetooth4.2/BLE,fasterEthernet,andPoEcapability viaaseparatePoEHATThedual bandwirelessLANcomes withmodularcompliancecertification,allowingtheboardto be designed into end products with significantly reduced wirelessLANcompliancetesting,improvingbothcostand timetomarket.TheRaspberryPiisbootedwithamicrosd card.ThesystemisusingtheRASPBIANoperatingsystem which is a massively popular OS. Python is the main programming language used that has a lot of in built libraries.

B. GPS

GPSisused to determine thegeographical position ofan objectwhereeachGPSsatellitebroadcastsamessagethat includes the satellite's current position, orbit, and exact time.AGPSreceivercombinesthebroadcastsfrommultiple satellites to calculate its exact position using a process called triangulation. Here we have used Ublox 6M GPS whichcontinuouslymonitorsthe bus by sendingvarious parameterstothecloudviaaRaspberryPimicrocontroller.

C. MPU9250AxisAccelerometer

MPU9250 9 Axis Accelerometer moduleis a multi chip modulethatcombinesa3 axisaccelerometer,gyroscope,

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

andmagnetometer,andaDigitalMotionProcessor(DMP) capable of processing the complex MotionFusion algorithms.

D. EyeBlinkSensor

ThissensorisbasedonIR.ItconsistsofanIRtransmitter andIRreceiver.Itilluminatestheeyewithinfraredlightand monitorsthechangesinthereflectedlight.Theinfraredlight reflectedfromtheeyeisusedtodeterminetheresults

E. MQ 2SmokeSensor

Itisa Metal OxideSemiconductor(MOS)typegassensor also known as Chemiresistors as the detection is based uponachangeofresistanceofthesensingmaterialwhen thegascomesincontactwiththematerial.Usingasimple voltagedividernetwork,theconcentrationofthegascanbe detected.

F. MQ 3AlcoholSensor

ItisalsoaMetal OxideSemiconductor(MOS)typeofgas sensor.Itdetectstheattentivenessofthealcoholgasinthe airandprovidesanalogvoltageastheoutput.Thesensor canactivateatatemperaturerangingfrom 10to50°Cwith apowersupplyof5V.Thesensingrangeisfrom0.04mg/L to4mg/L.

III. SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

Inthisprototype,thefrontendoftheandroidapplicationis done using React Native. React Native combines the best parts of native developments with React, a best in class JavaScriptlibraryforbuildinguserinterfaces.Thebackend databaseandauthenticationareimplementedusingFirebase RealtimeDatabaseandFirebaseAuthenticationrespectively. ThehardwarefunctionalitywasdoneusingPythonandthe IDEusedwasThonnyIDE.

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN

The functionalities of the proposed system include the studentsonboard,thespeed,thelocation,anddisplayingthe mapintheuserinterfaceoftheandroidapplicationwhich servestheadministrator,drivers,andparentstomonitorthe bus.Figure1showstheoverallblockdiagramofthesystem.

Figure1.BlockDiagramoftheproposedsystem

Thestudent’sinformationsuchastheregisternumber, parents’ contact details, and other details are taken at the time of admission and stored in the database. The camera moduleisplacedattheentranceofthebus.Thestudentcan boardthebusonlyifhis/herfaceisrecognized.Oncetheface has been recognizedandthe studenthas boardedthe bus, his/herparentswillbenotifiedthatthestudenthasboarded thebus.LCDplacedattheentrancewilldisplayifthefaceis recognizedornot.

The raspberry pi continuously reads the geographic coordinatesofthebusaswellasthespeedatwhichthebusis moving. The controller will send these data to firebase throughWi Fi.ItisassumedthatthebushasaWi Fiadapter that provides Wi Fi connectivity. Figure 2 depicts the flowchartforthefacerecognition.

Theeyeblinksensorthatisfittedwiththeglasssensesthe eyeblinkusinginfrared.Aslongastheeyeisopen,theoutput willbehigh.Oncetheeyeisclosedtheoutputwillbelowand nowthebuzzerconnectedwiththePibuzzeswhichindicates thedrowsinessofthedriver.

9 axis accelerometers used here will detect the sudden change in the position of the bus. Whenever the accident occurstherewillbeachangeinthex,enduresy,andz axis output pins which are connected to the controller. So, wheneveranaccidentisdetectedadministrator,andparents willbenotified.Thealcoholsensorisusedtodetectethanol intheair.Whenadrunkpersonbreathesnearthesensor,it detectstheethanolinbreathingandprovidesanoutputvalue basedontheconcentration.Thus,ifthedriverisdrunkthen the sensor will detect that and the administrator will be notifiedandthedrivercannolongerstartthebus.Thesmoke sensorplacedinthebussensesthepresenceofsmokeasa keyindicationoffireandraisesanalarmaswellasnotifies theadministrator

2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

V. USER INTERFACES

The android application has separate logins available for administration, parent, and driver. All three users will be directedtoGoogleMapsoncetheloginisdone.

Figure2.Flowchartforfacerecognition

Figure3.Flowchartforthesensingunits

Figure4.Homepage

A. Administratorlogin

Wehavethreesectionsinsidethislogin: i)Createparent,driveraccount ii)Addbus iii)Sensorsunit

Adddriveroptionisusedto addnew driverdetailstothe databaseandwillassignabustothatdriver.Addbusoption is used to add new buses if bought by the school administrationandthiswillbeupdatedinthedatabase.

Figure5.Adminhomepage

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

B. Parentlogin

Oncetheparentloginisdone,he/shewillbedirectedtothe Googlemapandcantracktheschoolbus.Notifyoptionatthe bottomisusedtonotifythedriverthathis/herchildwillnot boardthebusforthatparticularday.

Figure6.Createdriverpage

Figure7.Createparentpage

Add parent option is used to create a new parent account andwillallowabustothatstudent.

Figure9.Parentloginhomepage

Figure10.Parentnotifyingthedriver

Figure8.Sensorsunit

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

C. Driverlogin

Oncetheloginisdone,thedriverwillalsobedirectedtothe Googlemap,andatthebottom,hewillfindtheinformation aboutthestudentwhohadnotifiedhimabouthisabsence. Thedrivercanchangethemodeoftravelsuchashome to bus, bus to school, school bus, and bus home. These four modesindicatethatastudenthastoscanhis/herfacefour timesaday.Whenastudentboardsthebusinthemorning, the driver sets the mode as home to bus. When the bus reachestheschoolthedriversetsthemodeasbus to school. The student will can his/her face and the parents will be notifiedthatthestudenthasreachedtheschoolsafely.Once theschoolisoverandwhenthestudentsboardthebuson the return trip the mode will be set as school to bus. The parentswillbenotifiedthatthestudenthasboardedthebus forthereturntrip.Asthebusmovesoutoftheschool,the mode will be set as bus to home, and when the student alightsthebus,theparentswillbenotified.

VI. CONCLUSION

Usingthissystem,theparentscaneasilytracktheschoolbus andensurethatitismovingonthedesiredrouteatasafe speed.Thedriverscancontacttheadministratorincaseof anyemergenciesThissmartschoolbusapplicationisauser friendlyapplicationthathelpsparentstotrackthebusand management monitor the drivers. The parents notifying them about their children’s absence the driver will avoid driversfromwaitingforthatparticular studentatthebus stop.So,bythissystemworkingparentscanconcentrateon their work after knowing that their child has reached the schoolsafely

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our gratitude to Mr.S.Sainath, Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, PSG College of Technology for providing us suggestions and ideas in advancing the project.

REFERENCES

[1] ManashPratimGohain,SpeedGovernors,GPSmustfor buses,TheTimesofIndia,February24,2017.

[2] https://reactnative.dev/

[3] https://rnfirebase.io/

[4] https://www.electroschematics.com/neo 6m gps module/

[5] https://makersportal.com/blog/2019/11/11/raspberr y pi python accelerometer gyroscope magnetometer

[6] A. Sai Aishwarya, Keerthana M S, Samyama S, and Sukrutha S, "IOT Based Smart School Bus Monitoring andNotificationSystem" 2020 InternationalJournalof Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278 0181, NCCDS 2020 Conference Proceedings, Chennai,India,2020.

[7] JudyThyparampilRaj,JairamSankar,"IoTBasedSmart BusMonitoringandNotificationSystem",IEEERegion 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference(R10 HTC),2017.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

BIOGRAPHIES

Venkateshan R is a student of the department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineeringinPSG College of Technology, Coimbatore. His interest includes digital electronics and programming microcontrollers.Hehasbeenapart of various projects pertaining to EmbeddedsystemsandIoT.

Kalai Mani M is a student of the department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineeringinPSG College of Technology, Coimbatore. His interests include web development and application development Hehasbeenapartof applicationdevelopmentprojectsin thepast.

Nithishwar M is a student of the department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineeringinPSG College of Technology, Coimbatore. His interest includes digital electronics, signal processing and embedded system design. He has completed internship program in webdesignandmachinelearning.

Prawin Kumar P isastudentinthe Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineeringatPSG Collegeof Technology,Coimbatore He is interested in embedded system; digital electronics and he has a great ardency for mobility solutions