VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION FOR ACCIDENT-AVOIDANCE SYSTEM

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION FOR ACCIDENT-AVOIDANCE SYSTEM

1AssistantProfessor,Dept.ofECE, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, India 234Student, ECE, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru, India ***

Abstract The main aim of the project is to develop a systemwhereonecanavoidaccidentswhiletravellingina vehicle.Nowadaystherateofaccidentsisincreasingdueto lackofawarenessofthedriverwhiledrivingavehicleand somemaybebecauseofbrakefailure.Thesystemincludesa specific application of wireless communication or AutomotiveWirelessCommunicationwhichisalsocalledas vehicle to vehicle communication. Vehicle to Vehicle communicationisthewirelesstransmissionofdatabetween twoormorevehicles.The mainaimofVehicle to Vehicle communication is to avoid accidents while vehicles are in movement to send the position and speed data to one another.Themainaimofthisprojectistoprovidesafeand comfortablejourneytothedriverandtothepeoplearound thedriver.Arduinocontrolleractsasaheartofthesystem wheretheentirecommunicationbetweenvehiclesiscarried out.Whenavehicleapproachesnearby,analertwillbesent to the driver through buzzer and will be displayed on the LCD display and when a vehicle approaches nearby the speedwillbereducedautomatically.Thisactioniscarried outAutomaticallyregardlessthemovementofthevehicle. The goal is to avoid collision of vehicles and improve the efficiencyandsafetytothevehicles,passengers,andpeople around.

Key Words: Vehicle to Vehicle Communication, Wireless transmission, Automotive wireless communication, Arduino controller, buzzer, LCD Display

1.INTRODUCTION

In an era of rising in technology when concerned to road safety, is rising rapidly day by day and are making roads safer and smarter. Since today everything in our world is evolvingtechnologyinsuchawaythatallthedevicesaround usisconnectedtotheinternet.Toimprovetheroadsafety usingthehelpoftechnology,asystemhasbeenestablished whichisalsoknownasIntelligentTransportSystem(ITS). Theuseofsensorsisincreasingdaybydaytomakethings aroundussmarter.Theuseofsensorsinvehicleshaveledto communicateeachotherandleadstoanapplicationwhere accidents or collision of vehicles can be avoided. These vehicleswhichareconnectedtoeachotheractsasabuilding blockwherethesafetyandcomfortdrivingcanbeachieved. Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V) communication is a substructure wheretransmissionofdatabetweenthevehiclestakeplace. This use of V2V communication has helped in lane

departure,parking,Adaptivecruisecontrolandinblindspot detection. The idea is that if communication can happen between vehicles, then collision or accidents can be preventedevenbeforehappeningbymakinguseofabuzzer. This use of buzzer can help the driver during nighttime wherethebuzzerturnsONevery25minutesandthedriver turnsOFFthebuzzerwhichindicatesthatthedriverisnot sleepy.Thissystemcanbeinstalledincompletelyautomatic orsemi automaticvehicles.

InIndia,themainreasonwhyaccidentshappenisbecauseof drinkanddriving,drowsinessandbecauseofbrakefailure because of bad design of braking system. The records of governmentroadtransportsurveyshowthat,theaccidentin theyear2018is4.61lakhswithdeathof1.47lakhandmany injured. The system which we are designing has high efficiency,costefficientandarealtimesolutiontoallthese problemswhicharementionedabove.

2. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Thesystemisdesignedinsuchawaythattheconnectionis establishedbetweentwovehicleswheretheothervehicleis taken as a reference through the connection of Bluetooth. Here in this Project Master is Arduino Mega (which is ReferredasMainvehicle)andslaveisArduinoUNO(which isconsideredasreferencevehicle).Herethecommunication betweentwovehiclestakeplacewheretheycommunicate with each other by sending the data through the mode of BluetoothwhichisusedinArduinoMegaandlikewiseused inourprototype.ThevehicleisdetectedwiththeuseofIR sensor.IR sensor is basically used to detect any kind of objectsinitsrangebytheprincipleofReflectionofLight.It worksbymakinguseofaspecificlightsensortorecognizea light wavelength using Infra red (IR) range. When the vehicle is detected, the Buzzer will be activated which indicatesthatthevehicleisapproachingandwillalertthe driverofavehicle.Oncethevehicleisdetectedthesignals from IR sensor is sent to the Arduino and the Arduino controlsthefurtheroperation.Thebelowfigureshowsthe block diagram of vehicle to vehicle communication using. TheBlock Diagram isshowninfigure1,which consists of Arduino Mega or Mega 2560 which has 54 digital input/outputpins(whereofwhich14canbeusedasPWM outputs,16analoginputs,4UARTs(hardwareserialports), a16MHzcrystaloscillator,aUSBconnection,apowerjack, an ICSP header, and a reset button), Arduino UNO, Power

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

supply used to convert AC to DC voltage , Accelerometer (ADXL335), DC motor Driver(L293D), GPS (NEO 6MV2), GSM (SIM800L), LCD display(16*2), IR Sensor. We have made use of Bluetooth Transceiver module (HC05) to communicatebetweentwovehicles.

GSMalsoknownasGlobalsystemformobilecommunication isamodemwhichacceptsaSIMcardandcanbeoperated when the subscriber makes the subscription just like in Mobilephones.ThemainuseofthisGSMistheSMSservice. ThelocationofthevehicleiscollectedbytheGPSandsentto theGSMserver.TheSMSwillbesenttoaparticularperson or a number which we have programmed. The required programforthisprojectisdoneusingtheplatformArduino IDE. Once programmed, the code is integrated with the hardware.Onetheaccidentisprevented;theprogrammed number will receive the message along with the location wheretheaccidentisprevented.andinworstcasescenario isaccidentorcollisionbetweentwoormorevehiclestakes placethehospitalsnearbythelocationofcollisionswillbe sentanalertthroughSMSalongwiththelocation

Fig 2: Prototype 3. COMPONENTS USED AND ITS SPECIFICATION

3.1 Arduino Mega

Fig 1:BlockDiagram

The figure 2 shows the prototype which contains LCD display,Arduinomega,Accelerometer,GPS,GSM,DCmotor Driver and IR sensor. all the operations such as vehicle approachingandcommunicatedmessageswillbedisplayed ontheLCDDisplay.Powersupplyof9vwithoutputcurrent of 1.2 amps is used to drive this system. The collision is detectedbasedontheaccelerometerwhichcontainsX,Yand Z axis, where x axis is the ground and Y axis is the height betweentheGroundandvehicleandZaxisistopplingofa vehicle.

Fig-3:ArduinoMega

The Pictorial representation of Arduino Mega 2560 is as showninfigure3.Arduinomegaisamicrocontrollerwhich canperformarithmeticandlogicaloperationsandisbased on ATMEGA 2560. It contains a total of fifty four digital input outputpins.Inthesefifty fourpins,fourteenpinscan be used as PWM Pins ,16 pins are analog inputs (A0 toA14),10 are UARTs which are also the Hardware Ports(serial)(D1toD21),ResetButten.Itcontains16Mhz crystaloscillatorwhichactsasclockfortheMicrocontroller. By making use of 16 MHz crystal oscillator, it provides greater accuracy Arduino can also run using 8Mhz crystal oscillatorbut does notprovide thataccuracythat16MHz oscillatorwillprovide..ItcontainsaUSBporttoconnectthe hardware and the computer to upload the code/Program into the hardware. It also contains a port were if there is insufficient of power supply to turn on the board and externalhardwarecanbeconnectedtotheboardwhichis alsoknownasadapter.Ithas5vccPinswhere4areof5vand another port is of 3.3v. It contains four ground pins. The advantageofusingthisboardisbecauseitcontainsagreater numberofports,andmanysensorscanbeconnected.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

3.2 Arduino uno

Fig-4:ArduinoUno

ThePictorialrepresentationofArduinoUNOisasshownin figure4.Arduinoisa platformwhereitiseasyto useand understandinbothwaysthatisHardwareandSoftware.Itis amicrocontrollerwhichcanperformarithmeticandlogical operationswiththeuseofchipalsoknownassinglesilicon waferchipwhichismountedonthehardware.Withthehelp ofthisArduino,youcanturnonmanysensorsbyconnecting totheboardwithmakinguseoftheportsavailableonthe board.Wecandrivethemotorsbyprovidingefficientpower supply to the board. It is a component made of ATMEGA 328p which consists of analog and digital pins, communicationpins,resetbuttonandUSBporttodumpthe code into the hardware by connecting it to the personal computer.

3.3 Accelerometer (ADXL335)

Fig 5: ADXL335

Accelerometerisadevicewhichcontainsthreeaxisthatare X,YandZaxiswhoseoutputdependsontheinputappliedto the Accelerometer. The pictorial Representation of Accelerometer ADXL335 is shown in figure 5. It is of low cost, Power efficient, and is easy to use. It has a sensing rangefrom 3gto+3galongtheX,YandZaxis.Theoutputof these axis is in analog and are directly proportional to acceleration. To determine the acceleration various techniques are used which are called Phase Sensitive Demodulation techniques. It contains a capacitor when variation in acceleration takes place, it unbalances the differentialcapacitorandaffectstheoutputvoltagewhere the output voltage is directly proportional to the acceleration.Ithasanoperatingvoltagefromtherange1.8v

to3.6vandhasoperatingcurrentof350microamperes.It hasatemperaturerangeof 40to85degreesCelsius.Italso hasashockresistantupto10,000g.

3.4 Infra-Red (IR) Sensor

Fig 6:IRSensor

Fig 7: Reflection

Fig-8:LM358ICCircuit

IR sensor uses LM358 IC which performs necessary operations. The circuit diagram of IR sensor circuit is as shownaboveinfigure8.Itconsistsof2LEDs(LightEmitting Diodes)whichwillplaythekeyroleinsensinganyobjects whichareinfrontofitbythePrincipleofReflectionoflight asshowninthefigure7.IntwoLEDsoneLEDfunctionas transmitter and another as receiver. The resisters used in the circuit diagram of IR sensors are in the range of Kilo ohms.TheIR sensorconsistsofthreepins(VCC,GNDand Output).WhentheIRsensorispowered,thenthePowerLED TurnsON.Whenthereisanyobjectinfrontofthesensor, thentheobstacleLEDwillturnON.Thissensingoperation will happen with the help of transmitting and receiving LEDs. The Pictorial Representation of Infra Red Sensor is showninFigure6.

IntwoLEDsoneLEDfunctionastransmitterandanotheras receiver. The resisters used in the circuit diagram of IR sensorsareintherangeofKiloohms.TheIRsensorconsists ofthreepins(VCC,GNDandOutput).

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

WhentheIRsensorispowered,thenthePowerLEDTurns ON.Whenthereisanyobjectinfrontofthesensor,thenthe obstacle LED will turn ON. This sensing operation will happenwiththehelpoftransmittingandreceivingLEDs

3.5 Gps (NEO 6MV2)

Fig 9:NEO 6MV2

TheGPS(NEO 6MV2)isasshowninfigure9.Itisbasedon high quality NEO 6 MV2. This GPS module works with voltageinrangeof3.3vto5v.HencealltheArduinobords which has voltage rating of 5v can make use of this GPS module.Forbetterreceptionofsignal,anantennaisusedas showninthefigure.itcontainsfourpinswhichareVCC,GND, TX(Transmitter) and RX(Receiver). It Receives the signals from satellite and provides us the location of the vehicle wherethesysteminwhichisinstalled.

3.6 GSM (SIM800L)

Fig-10:SIM800L

The GSM(SIM800L) is as shown above. It contains a port where SIM card can be inserted and by programming it messages in form of SMS can be sent to the programmed number.SIM800Lisdesignedinsuchawaythatitconsumes less power, and the current consumption is as low as 1.2 milli amps. SIM800L makes use of TCP IP protocol and is veryusefulincaseofdatatransfer.

3.7 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Fig 11:LCDDisplay

AnLCDdisplayisaLiquidcrystaldisplaywhichisof16x2is showninfigure11An16x2meansthatsixteencharacters are displayed into two such rows. Each character is

displayed with pixel size of 5x7. It contains two Registers whicharenamelyCommandRegisterandDataRegister.

3.8 Bluetooth Transceiver (HC05)

Fig 12:HC05

The use of Bluetooth transceiver it to establish the connection between two vehicles. The Pictorial RepresentationofBluetoothHc05isshowninfigure12. It consistsofTransmitterandreceivertotransmitandreceive the signals’ and GND which are used to make the circuit complete. It makes use of Enable which is used to set the data.ThestatePinisusedtomakesurethattheBluetoothis functioningProperlyornot

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

With this project, the live location of a vehicle can be monitored with the help of GPS and GSM through a text messageasshowninfigure13,wheretheintendeduserwill receivetheGPSlocationwiththehelpofGSM.

IR sensor senses the vehicle when a vehicle approaches within the range of sensor and collision which has been preventedwillbesenttothesubscriberortheprogrammed numberthroughSMSalongwiththelocationbymakinguse ofGPSandGSM.

Fig 13:ShortMessageService

Theabovefigure13showsthelocationsenttotheintended userwherethecollisionhasbeenpreventedwhenavehicle is approaching near within the range of IR sensor. This actionwill becarriedout even without thedriver braking thevehiclemanually.BoththeEntrypointvehicleandthe Reference vehicle’s speed will reduce and after certain distance after the vehicle passes, the acceleration can be increasedagain

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

This system represents automatic braking system for accident avoidance using Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V) communication.Infra Red(IR)sensorisusedtodetect an object or the vehicle and to notify the system to prevent collisionofvehicles.TheArduinomicrocontrollerisusedto control the DC motor gear through Dc motor driver and based on the vehicle, which is approaching near the reference vehicle, specific operation is carried out. If the accelerometer is affected, then an SMS will be sent to the intended user or the programmed number along with the location where the collision is prevented with the help of GPS and GSM. The interaction between the vehicles will allowtofollowLanedisciplineandactaccordinglyincaseof emergency situations. The driver can toggle between any parameterslikespeed,distance,temperature,humidity.This systemcanbeusedtoautomaticallyreducethespeedofthe vehiclewhenanothervehicleisapproachingthroughfront end. The use of buzzers can be used during night times wherewithinspecifiedtimeintervals,thebuzzerturnsON andthedrivermustmanuallyturnitoffbymakinguseofa switch which indicates that the driver is not drowsy or sleepy. Whenthissystemisinstalledinanambulanceand thevehiclesaroundit,theambulanceisgiventhepriority anditactsasacentralhub,whereitsendsthemessagetoall thevehiclesaroundit,andthishelpsinclearingthetraffic congestionandhelpstheambulancetomoveforward.Since theaccelerationinavehicleisdependentontheamountof fuel injection, a switch can be made between the system, breaksandthefuelpipe.whenavehicleapproachesa,the switchwillbeusedtoturnonoursystemandthespeedwill bereduced.Oncethespeedisreduced(fore.g.,25km/h)and thevehicleinstillinfrontofus,eventhoughwemanually presstheacceleratorthespeedwillremainthesame(which is the reduced speed) this is because the vehicle is still in frontofus.Oncethevehiclepassesthentheswitchwillbe connected back to manual. This mechanism of switching betweenAutomatic(oursystem)andmanualisimmensely helpfulinsemi automaticvehicles.Inadditiontothisother featurecanbeimplementedsuchasIrisdetectionwherethe systemcanidentifywhetherthedriverdrowsyornot.

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