Structural Audit of Building: A Structural Health Analysis of Building

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Structural Audit of Building: A Structural Health Analysis of Building

Abhishek Argade1 , S.S. Motegaonkar2

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Abstract In Our country there are as many as old aged structures which have reduced the capability of performance day by day as the result of climatic adverse actions and distinct weathering moves however nearby upcoming use of such deteriorating structural elements may be very drastically harmful for the living being staying out there because the overall strength of elements went down notably. As a consequence the structural audit of such structural elements becomes too much vital. Structural audit can result in extended existence of those deteriorating structural elements and as a result in increasing probability of safety of structure and the people staying there. If the age of the structural elements constructed is about twenty five years then the regulating municipal organization files the legal form of written document for structural audit of such particular structural elements for structural audit also provides the affected place of faults and additionally offers corrective form of few remedial & repair measures for prevention of similarly probable occurrence of strain in structure. After performing audit priority for the repair should be given according to the severity of defect found.

Key Words: deteriorating structure, structural audit, repair, defect, strain

1.INTRODUCTION

A safety audit process involves inspection, testing and suggestion for remedial work of deteriorating structures due to increasing life span of structural elements. In addition to that audit provides evaluation of the enterprise'sbuildingoranyresidentialbuildingprotection againstfailureandsomeotherimportantnecessarysafety reportsanddocumentationtodecidethatshallweorshall we not restore health of structures on which testing has beendone Protectionauditsareusefulduetothefactthey encourage the regular evaluation of building elements everyday make certain that there must no longer further deteriorationofstructuralelementswiththeaidofcertain remedialworks

The project audit is frequently systematic observation of various parameters of building components like rebound hammer test visual inspection which is done by visual inspection, knocking structural elements, Ultrasonic WavesPulseVelocityMeter,detrimentaltestandsoforth. A safety audit is a established system in which data is accrued regarding the performance, effectiveness, and

reliability of a enterprise's general structural fitness. Safety audits serve many useful other application few of theirfunctionslistedbelow:

1. They may be automatically carried out to decide whethertheorganisationisincompliancewithprotection law and rules. It shall be carried out with the aid of representatives of a concerning authority or with the aid ofregularpracticingbusinessenterpriseitself.

2.Structuralauditusedtofindouttheweaknessesintheir protection guidelines provided by the concerning authorities and scientific approaches. Those audits are then used as a manual for designing action or as we can say that safety and protection plans or necessary actions to discover corrective moves that shall must considers so that structural health of the building can be restored. In this paper, an structural audit on a 30 year old building has been performed with a practicing firm and results so obtainedaregiven.

1.1 Structural audit of building:

Structural Audit is the all certain thing that standard fitness and overall working test up of a structural elements.Similaraswhataphysicianexaminesanaffected person due to some kind of the illness. It guarantees that thestructuralelementwhichisconstructedbeforeandits premises are much secure towards the extreme damage and don't have any hazard. It analyses and indicates suitable maintenance and retrofitting measures required for the structural element on which different test have been carried out. To carry out higher in its whole carrier existence, Structural audit is carried out by means of an skilledandcertifiedstructuralrepresentative.

To assemble an object with structural integrity, an engineer shall first bear in mind structural element's mechanicalcharacteristics,whichincludethatthe,power, weight, hardness, and elasticity, after that he must take corrective actions and shall decide the scale and form essential for the structural elements to face up to the preferred load for a protracted existence. Non structural measures are measures now not concerning bodily construction.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Following are some enterprises applicable for Structural Audit:

1)Materialandfoodproductioncompanies 2)StructuralworkandEngineeringcompanies. 3)Manufacturingcompanies.

1.3 Aim:

Tostudyandperformstructuralauditofabuilding.

1.4 Objectives:



To identify signs of Material deterioration & also identifytypesofdefectsbyvisualinspection.

quantifying the moisture over the walls and other members. In the process of visual inspection tentative causealsonoteddownsitselfwhiledoingit.

Jorge Furtado Falorca[4] et.al.

From this Paper I Refered Building Integration of Elements particularly R/C concrete is getting utilized considerablyfornumeroussortsofBuildingActivities.But the deterioration of Strengthen that is r/c material Concrete Elements is identified as a primary trouble globally.

Ni Nyoman Kencanawati[5] et.al.



To test the strength of building elements by using Non destructive testing and based on it to find out extentofdamagesandseverity.



To suggest remedial measures to restore structural healthofbuilding.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature review has been done by performing various researchpapersthroughvariousjournalsandarticles.

Kamal kant Jain[1] et.al.

This paper suggest that working details of visual Inspect, Tools to carry out Visual Inspection and various process which are involved in the visual inspection this paper provides guidelines about performing the visual inspection work. This paper most importantly explains about the defects cause in earthquake prone zone and providesdetailsaboutit

Douglas E Ellsworth[2] et.al.

This paper deal with the Condition for Structural failure, Effects of chemical agents on structural components. This paper gives the experimental studies confirmed that increasing bearing capacity of strengthened concrete (R/C)frameswiththeaidofintroducinggroutingofepoxy sealant to fill chosen bays for the rehabilitation of broken Buildingelements

Maria Valeria Piras[3] et.al.

FromthisPaperIreferred theparameteronwhichvisual inspectionisdone.Visualinspectionisdonebythemeans ofpast experience gained bythe concerning engineerand variousresearcharticlepublishedinthefieldofstructural auditingofabuilding.Thevisualinspectionprocessstarts withtheassessmentofcracks,spallingoverthesurfaceof anykindofwalls,columns,slabandallotherstructuralas well as non structural components of building. It includes

From this paper I referred the principal used in the UPV test. Ultrasonic wave is passed though the structural element which is to be inspected by the means of transducer and the distance is fixed between transducer and the receiver. When wave pass through it time period get noted in the display and as we know the distance betweentransducerandreceiverwecanthenfindoutthe velocity of the wave and based in the velocity state of concreteatpresentconditioncanbefoundout.

A Ndagi[6] et.al.

This paper offers to create consciousness within the civil engineer associated with residential building, public buildings,Criticalconstructionprojects,bridgestructures In regards to the fitness evaluation of concrete Structure are the Analyses in the same way general physician test’s ill person. Physician after testing gives causes of illness and then prescribe medicines that is remedial measures forconcerningillnesssameashimstructuralauditprocess isfollowed.

3. METHODOLOGY

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Com poun d Wall

Exter nal Area of Build ing

Crack is Observed On Compound Wall At Many Places

PlasterCracks Are Observed At Many Places On External Face Of Building Which Causes Dampness on WallsonInner Surface.

Cracks Shall Be Sealed With Crack Sealant & KeptUnderObservation. Critical

GoodCategory ofCondition asperIs 13311:2009part2 ( fromGraph1)

4.1.2. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test

Cracks Shall Be Sealed With Crack Sealant & KeptUnderObservation To Avoid Cause of Dampness. Super Critical

The principal used in the UPV test. Ultrasonic wave is passed though the structural element which is to be inspected by the means of transducer and the distance is fixed between transducer and the receiver. When wave passthroughittimeperiodgetnotedinthedisplayandas we know the distance between transducer and receiver wecanthenfindoutthevelocityofthewaveandbasedin the velocity state of concrete at present condition can be foundout. (Page No. 2, IS 13311 Part 1)

Exter nal Area of Build ing

Plumbing Duct Area, Leakage of Pipes Are Observed Along With Vegetation Growth.

DamagedPipesShallbe ReplacedAndVegetation Shall be Removed periodically. Super Critical

4.1. Non Destructive Tests

4.1.1. Rebound Hammer Test

RHTisperformed basedon the(Clause3.2, Page No.1, IS 13311 Part 2). The hammer first calibrated on previously known strength of concrete and test is performed on variousstructuralelements.

Based on the RHT done on the site and comparing it with the IS Code 13311 Part 2 literature review and past projectonthefirmitisfoundoutthat;

Based on the UPV Test done on the site and comparing it with the IS 13311 Part 1Code literature review and past projectonthefirmitisfoundoutthat;

Graph-1: RHTResultsPerformedonvariouspartsof structure

OnperformingReboundHammerTestitisfoundthat14% of total Structural Elements Tested are comes under the poor condition while 19% of them are falls under Very

Pie Chart 1:ResultsofUPVTestperformedonvarious elements

On performing UPV Test It is found out that 7% of the tested elements falls under category of Doubtful while 21% of them are falls under Excellent category as per IS 13311:2009part1(fromPieChart1)

4.2. General Remedies & Guidelines

Drainage area chambers must be vacant every chockUp.Timetotimesupervisionofconcerning area must be carried out. Damaged/ Deterioration Shall be rectified. Brick work broken for access to vent duct, OHWT Levels shallnotbeallowedinanycase. 

External Plaster/Hairline Cracks observed at different levels, Rain water Seeps From these cracks and chances of dampness increase inside of Flats. Hence, Periodic observation and

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

rectification of such cracks shall be filled with cracksealant. 

Forthe dampnessin thearea add25 30%water to Dr. Fixit Wonder proof 1 to make a slurry coating. 

To fill the voids, cracks some joints Injection Groutingistobecarriedout. 

Maxtreat Fibrenet C is a carbon fiber composite system is used for to provide adequate strength to the structural elements such as beams, columns,bridges,slabsandwalls. 

To cure spalling and damaged concrete in buildings, DUAL Shrinkage Compensated, Trowelable Fiber Reinforced Thixotropic Repair Mortarcanbeused

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Defects in Non Structural Elements

Graph 2:OnXaxiswingisshownwhileonYaxis percentagevulnerabilitytowardsdifferentparametersis shown

BlueColour: Cracks

RedCouur: Colourpeeling

GreenColour: Dampnessofleakage

VioletColour: Vegetation

StructuralElementsofWingCbuildingismorevulnerable towards the cracking of concrete defect which is around 34%ofthetotaldefectsfound (from graph 2).

Pie chart 2: showingcomparisonofstructuraldefects

BlueColour: Cracks RedCouur: Colourpeeling GreenColour: Dampnessofleakage VioletColour: Vegetation

It is found out that among all the defects category Cracks are the most that is, 42% which defects due to vegetation foundouttobeleastthatis,8% ( from pie chart 2).

6. CONCLUSION

1. Overall health of Buildings based on visual inspectionwecanconcludethatWingA,B,C1,C2&D in Society falls under is Average category and suggestedremedialworkshallbedone.

2. Structural Elements of Wing C building is more vulnerable towards the cracking of concrete defect which is around 34% of the total defects found based onvisualinspectionperformed

3. On performing Rebound Hammer Test it is found that 14% of total Structural Elements Tested are comes under the poor condition while 19% of them arefallsunderVeryGoodCategoryofConditionasper Is13311:2009part2(fromGraph1).

4. The average compressive strength of concrete based on rebound hammer test is observed may var by +\ 25%oftheresultobtained.

5. On performing UPV Test It is found out that 7% of the tested elements falls under category of Doubtful while 21% of them are falls under Excellent category asperIS13311:2009part1(fromPieChart1)

6. Condition of the Building can be enhanced, after takinguprepairworks,assuggested. It is suggested that, repair works of Supercritical severity shall be taken up first, then those of critical severity .It is also suggested that, structural health of buildingshallbereviewedafter5 year

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank Mrs. S. S. Motegaonkar, department of Civil Engineering, PCCOE, Pune and our head of departmentfortheirvaluableguidance.

REFERENCES

[1] Kamal kant Jain, Bishwajit Bhattacharjee “Visual InspectionandConditionassessmentofstructure:An innovative tool for structural condition assessment ” (ResearchGate, International Journal of three R’s Jan 2019)1

[2] Douglas E Ellsworth, Keith Ginnado “Guide for Visual Inspection of Structural Concrete Building” (US Army Corps of Engineering Construction engineering researchlaboratoryJuly2017) 2

[3] Maria Valeria Piras, FaustoMistretta, Luisa Deias , “A reliable visual inspection method for vulnerability assessmentofhypostaticstructure”(ResearchArticle, JournalofconstructionEngineering,2015)3

[4] Jorge Furtado Falorca, João P. N. D, Miraldes “New trends in visual inspection of buildings and structures” Research Article, Open Engineering, ResearchGateJournal,20214

[5] Ni Nyoman Kencanawati , “The study of ultrasonic pulse velocity on plain and reinforced damaged concrete The study of ultrasonic pulse velocity on plain and reinforced damaged concrete ” , ( MATEC Web of Conferences 195, CRMCE 2018, ResearchGate Journal)5

[6] A Ndagi , A Umar, “Non destructive assessment of concrete deterioration by ultrasonic pulse velocity ” (Tocitethisarticle:ANdagi etal 2019IOPConf. Ser.: EarthEnviron.Sci.357012015)6

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