International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
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Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022
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A Review on Future Challenges in the field of Plant Biotechnology Chetan Masram1, Harsh Pawar2 Department of Biotechnology Engineering, MGM College Of Engineering and Technology, Kamothe. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract -Plant biotechnology has played a critical role
Humankind's most significant early success. It sparked the development of environmental changes, without which, for better or worse, we would not exist as a modern society. Humans have been doing this since the dawn of civilization.[1] Agriculture is constantly improving, with wheat being the first domestication recorded by historians 9,000 years ago. Agriculture has spread throughout human cultures, and "species manipulation" by early agriculturalists, as some refer to it, is the foundation of modern agriculture. In our lifetime, the application of genetic knowledge for crop improvement has resulted in unprecedented increases in agricultural productivity. It is widely acknowledged that global food shortages would be a much more severe problem today if plant breeding advances had not been made. [2] Plant biotechnology is the only option for improving micronutrients in crops that do not naturally contain them by engineering metabolic pathways. A specific GM biofortification can also be replicated across multiple target crops. Significant progress has been made in developing genetically modified (GM) biofortified plants. Many crops, including Golden Rice, have been genetically modified to be higher in vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids. The same or similar strategies used to engineer pro-VitA in Golden Rice have also been used to successfully plan pro-VitA in other crops such as banana, cassava, potato, sorghum, soybean, and sweet potato. Reports are available for biofortified cereals, legumes, vegetables, oilseeds, fruits, and fodder crops. [3]
in advancing human civilization. Plant domestication aided in increasing food production, allowing for the sustenance of populations in significant settlements. They provide the majority of calories in the human diet and are used as fodder for farm animals. They are also a good source of therapeutic drugs and industrial feedstocks and have recently been used to produce pharmaceutical proteins and biofuels. Nonetheless, there are numerous areas where plants can be improved through genetic manipulation, compelling reasons why this must be done. Genetically modified crops are agricultural plants that come under green biotechnology whose DNA is altered using genetic engineering techniques. The main goal, in most cases, is to introduce a new trait that does not occur naturally in the species. Biotechnology companies can help improve urban agriculture's nutrition and viability, thereby contributing to future food security. Plants produce various products in large-scale industrial processes, such as starch and cell wall material. The increase in atmospheric CO2 caused by the combustion of fossil fuels over the last century is well known, and biofuels can help slow the rise. Many biofuels are currently produced from sugars or oils extracted from plants that could be used for food or feed, so developing plants into second-generation biofuel feedstocks is critical to reversing this trend. Key Words: Biofuels, Green Technology, biotechnology, Genetic Engineering.
Agro-
1. INTRODUCTION
2. Green Biotechnology for the Environment
Plant biotechnology is a set of techniques used to modify plants to meet specific needs or opportunities. It is common for multiple conditions and opportunities to coexist. A single crop, for example, may be necessary to provide sustainable food and healthy nutrition, environmental protection, and job and income opportunities. However, finding or developing suitable plants is a difficult task. Plant biotechnologies that aid in developing new varieties and traits include genetics and genomics, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and transgenic (genetic-engineered) crops. Researchers can use these biotechnologies to detect and map genes, discover their functions, select specific genes in genetic resources and breeding, and transfer genes for particular traits into plants. Agriculture was most likely.
Green biotechnology uses plants and other photosynthetic organisms to improve crops or generate industrially applicable products in industries such as detergents, paper, biofuels, textiles, pharmaceutical substances, etc. The course covers plant cell molecular biology, emphasizing biotechnology in photosynthetic organisms. The biotechnologies presented in the system are based on functional genomics, proteomics, and plant breeding.[4] and quantitative genetics; genetically modified plants; phytoremediation; and the use of bioactive compounds. In 2009, 14 million farmers in 25 countries used genetically modified (GM) crops, the vast majority of whom were small-scale farmers in developing and emerging economies. Green biotechnology is economically beneficial, with annual global acreage increasing to 134 million hectares [5]. This is reflected in the increasing number of farmers who choose GM crops. GM seed is generally more
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