Experimental Study on Increasing Strength of Pervious Concrete

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Experimental Study on Increasing Strength of Pervious Concrete

Prof. Prasad Kolekar 1, Saurabh Kulkarni2, Yash Bhokare 3, Akash Lohar 4 , Rakesh Kamble5, Somnath Mudhe6

1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Warananagar, Dist Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India 2,3,4,5,6 Students, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Warananagar, Dist Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. ***

Abstract Due to ecological imbalances, frequency of occurrence of intensive storms has increased causing damage to life and property by flooding cityscapes. Permeable concrete offers to resolve this issue to certain extent by offering to store the stormwater and allowing it to percolate in the ground. It lacks in strength as compared to traditional concrete but with addition of flexural reinforcement and changing the proportion of concrete appreciable strength can be achieved.

Key Words: Pervious Concrete, Urban Flooding, Stormwater Management, Highway Stormwater, Groundwater Recharge.

1. INTRODUCTION

In Many of The Urban Populations and Other Localities, HighwayStormwaterRunoffCarriesAwayDustandOther Pollutants into The Natural Water Bodies and Reservoirs. ThisIsDetrimentaltoTheNativeFaunaandSubtractiveto The Efforts of Many Environmentalists, Municipal CorporationsTryingtoPreservetheEcologicalBalance.Due To This It Is Encouraged to Filter The Runoff and Then Discharge It to Reservoirs. But Due to Insufficient Availability of Land for Collection and Filtration of Runoff ManyofTheMunicipalCorporationsinTheWorldHaveto DischargetheRunofftoTheWaterBodies.

Permeable Pavement Offers Solution to This ProbleminAWayasItFilterstheRunoffEnteringGround Water and Simultaneously Recharges the Ground Water StorageandReducestheLoadOnLocalAuthorities.

Also, During Monsoon Due to Accumulation of RainwateronPavementsandPondinginNearbyAreasMany of The Areas Become Inhabitable or Inaccessible. This Accumulation Further Increases Water Pressure on The PavementandResultinginMajorCracksandSeepageWhich inTurnCreatesPotholesandRendersthePavementUnsafe toUse.

ThisProblem CanBeAddressed byIncorporating PermeablePavementsWhichCanStoretheRainfallExcess andPreventtheFormationofPotholestoSomeExtent.

1.1 Permeable Concrete

It Is a Type of No Fines Concrete in Which Aggregates with Larger Dimensions Are Used to Achieve InterconnectionofVoidsandThusImprovethePermeability ofConcrete.TypicalVoidRatioinPermeableConcreteVaries Between15To25%AccordingtoTheGradeofConcreteand ProportionofMaterialsUsed.ThisTypeofConcreteWasin Practice During The 1800s But Became Obsolete and RegainedPaceIn1970sInUsandAround2000InIndiaDue toTheAdvantagesinCanOfferOverTraditionalConcrete.

1.2 Permeable Bituminous Concrete

ItIsaTypeofConcreteinWhichBitumenIsUsedas BinderAlongwithAdditivesWhichDirecttheExcessRainfall to The Ground Below. As This Type of Concrete Has Very LittleStrengthItIsUsedforLightDutyApplicationsSuchas ParkingandPedestrianRoads.

1.3 Permeable Pavers

This Type of Pavers Are Made Up of Porous MaterialsorNon PorousPavingBlocksPlacedwithLarger Space In Between Them, The Gap Between Which Can Be Filled with Porous Media or Unbonded Aggregates. This TypeofPavingCanBeUsedforLightDutyApplicationsSuch asDriveways,FootpathsEtc.

1.4 Impact of Highway Stormwater Runoff on Water Bodies

ManyOfthePollutantsLikeDustorGasesfromThe VehiclesAreRestingonThePavementSurface.TheStorm Carries Atmospheric Pollutants with Itself to The Ground andTheRunoffThusGeneratedIsEnrichedbyTheSurface Pollutants. Majority Of the Dangerous Pollutants Includes HeavyMetalsandSulphur.

The Factors Affecting the Extent of Impact of Highway Stormwater on Receiving Waters Are Potential for Dispersion of The Pollutants, Size of Catchment, Type of PollutantsandBiologicalDiversityofReceivingWaters.

TheFirstFlushorTheDischargeDuringFirstFew Minutes of Storm Flushes All the Impurities on The

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

PavementsandThusOverloadingtheFiltrationSystem.The MajorConstituentPollutantsAreCadmium,Zinc,Lead,and Iron.

1.5 Impact of Highway Construction on Ground Water

InUrbanAreasRoadsAccountforAround18%Area ofTheCity.ThisImpermeableSurfaceCutsOfftheFlowof Water into The Ground. Due To the Compaction and DammingEffectofRoadFillThereIsReroutingofGround WaterWhichinTurnResultsinLossofHeadinSurrounding Areas.

AfterAnalysisofVariousLiteratureonPermeable Pavement Systems We Could Find Shortcomings in The PermeablePavementsAs

1 LesserCompressiveandFlexuralStrength

2 HigherCostofConstruction

3 NoDefiniteArticleonTheProportion

HereInThisResearch,WeHaveTriedtoStresson The Strength and To Find Out Definite Proportion of ConstituentsofConcrete.

2. MATERIALS USED

1 Cement

Ordinary Portland cement conforming to is 456 200053gradewasused.

Thepropertiesofcementastestedinlabwere

1. Fineness 3% 2. Standardconsistency 34% 3. Initialsettingtime 30min 4. Finalsettingtime 300min

2 Aggregates

Twotypesofaggregateswereusedintheproject

1. Aggregates passing through 22 mm sieve and retainedon19mmsieve

2. Threadaggregateshavingmeansize9.52mm

Propertiesofaggregatesused

1. Specificgravity 2.46

2. Waterabsorption 2%

3 WATER

Commontapwaterfrommunicipalsupplylinewas used

LABORATORY PROCEDURE

1.MixDesign

NominalMixforM20GradeasGivenbyIs456: 2000GivesthePercentageof CementinTheConcreteAs 18.18%.

HereFortheSpecificGravitiesofConcreteandCementthe RatioforWeightBatchingWasFoundtoBe1:7.64.

WaterCementRatioOf0.35WasSelectedonTheCriteriaof WorkabilityandToAvoidtheCementSlurryfromOccupying theVoidsGenerated.

2. PreparationofMoulds

Standard Moulds of Size 15cm X 15 Cm X 15cm Were Assembled Using Nuts and Bolts and Then Oil Was AppliedonInsideSurface.

3.CastingofCubes

Keeping The Proportion of Cement Constant and VaryingtheProportionOf9.52MmAggregatesAnd19.05 Mm Aggregates a Total Of 11 Different Proportion Were Createdandfor1BatchofCubesAluminumMeshWasUsed toImproveFlexuralStrengthofConcrete.

4.Curing

TheMouldsWereCuredinATubofPotableWater For6DaysandThenTestedforCompressiveStrength.

5.Testing

Compressive Testing Machine Was Used to Check theCompressiveStrengthAttainedbyConcreteCubesinThe Interval Of 7 Days. The Results Thus Attained Were InterpretedtoFindOutExactProportion.

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

3. RESULTS

Compressive Strength After 7 days:

SR. NO.

PROPORTION OFCONCRETE (BYVOLUME)

NO.OF DAYS COMP. STRENGTH AVERAGECOMP. STRENGTH

1 1:1.5:3 7 1.666 2.222 3.533 2.474 2 1:2.25:2.25 7 1.644 2.488 2.77 2.301 3 1:1.8:2.7 7 4.377 3.755 3.400 3.844 4 1:2.7:1.8 7 2.866 3.288 3.488 3.214 5 1:0.9:3.6 7 7.666 3.755 5.177 5.533 6 1:3.6:0.9 7 3.777 4.222 2.844 3.614 7 1:4.05:0.45 7 1.577 3.355 4.000 2.977 8 1:0.45:4.05 7 3.688 4.266 3.466 3.801 9 1:3.15:1.35 7 4.711 4.578 4.044 4.444 10 1:2.25:2.25 (USINGALUMINIUMMESH) 7 10.400 10.177 7.956 9.511 11 1:4.5 7 1.911 1.633 2.611 2.052

POROSITY OF SPECIMENS AFTER 7 DAYS:

Sr.No Proportion Porosity Avg.

1 1:1.5:3 0.228 0.246 0.27 0.248 2 1:2.25:2.25 0.249 0.284 0.323 0.285 3 1:1.8:2.7 0.166 0.206 0.225 0.199 4 1:2.7:1.8 0.222 0.269 0.296 0.262 5 1:0.9:3.6 0.163 0.199 0.219 0.194 6 1:3.6:0.9 0.210 0.264 0.323 0.266 7 1:4.05:0.45 0.151 0.202 0.207 0.187 8 1:0.45:4.05 0.237 0.293 0.299 0.276 9 1:3.15:1.35 0.148 0.196 0.207 0.184 10 1:4.5 7 1.911 1.633 2.611 11 1:2.25:2.25 (USINGALUMINIUMMESH) 0.145 0.181 0.187 0.171

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

WEIGHT, DENSITY AND STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO

SrNo. Proportion Weight Density S/WRatio

1 1:1.5:3 6.1 1.81 1.37

2 1:2.25:2.25 6.92 2.05 1.12 3 1:1.8:2.7 6.65 1.97 1.95 4 1:2.7:1.8 6.6 1.96 1.64 5 1:0.9:3.6 6.78 2.01 2.75 6 1:3.6:0.9 6.42 1.90 1.9 7 1:4.05:0.45 7.33 2.17 1.37 8 1:0.45:4.05 6.4 1.89 2.01 9 1:3.15:1.35 7.1 2.10 2.12 10 1:2.25:2.25 (USINGALUMINIUMMESH) 6.93 2.03 4.69 11 1:4.5 6.39 1.89 1.09

REFERENCES

1. Mukul Nama, Akshaya Galva, Amit Sharma, Jitendra Singh, Kapil Astoria Department of Civil Engineering Poornima GroupofInstitutionsReport13-14

2. Koller Hemanth Kumar, Review Paper on Permeable PavementSystems

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

BIOGRAPHIES

Name PrasadKolekar Designation Assistant Professor Department CivilEngineering College T.K.I.E.T.Warananagar

Name SaurabhKulkarni Designation Student(B.Tech) Department CivilEngineering College T.K.I.E.T.Warananagar

Name YashBhokare Designation Student(B.Tech) Department CivilEngineering College T.K.I.E.T.Warananagar

Name AkashLohar Designation Student(B.Tech) Department CivilEngineering College T.K.I.E.T.Warananagar

Name RakeshKamble Designation Student(B.Tech) Department CivilEngineering College T.K.I.E.T.Warananagar

Name SomnathMudhe Designation Student(B.Tech) Department CivilEngineering College T.K.I.E.T.Warananagar

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