International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Evaluate Traction Forces and Torque for Electric Vehicle Using MATLAB Simulink Program. Shrinit Lambodari1, Mayur Bidwe2, Raj Gaikwad3 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research, Maharashtra, India. Maratha Vidya Prasarak Samaj's Karmaveer Adv. Baburao Ganpatrao Thakare, College of Engineering, Nashik. 3College of Engineering, Pune. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1
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Abstract - With the advancement of technology, the vehicle
the development of alternative energy sources, the Regenerative System is added into the model to support the Battery model for vehicle operation. When the car is braking, the tires do not come to a complete stop right away because there is still rotating kinetic energy in them. At this point, the rotating kinetic energy, which is a type of mechanical energy, is turned into electrical energy by the regenerative system's generators, and the created electrical energy is stored in the battery.
industry has taken a turn with the advent of Electric Vehicles. Electric vehicles benefit humanity by providing a sustainable means of transportation that does not harm the environment. Simulations are carried out using a combination of MATLAB scripts and Simulink modules. The car's speed and distance travelled correlate to genuine electric vehicle operating cycles and torque changes. The aerodynamics drag, linear acceleration, and rolling resistance forces are all simulated by this model. The impact of variables including battery voltage and energy capacity, motor rated torque and power, and transmission gear ratio on vehicle performance and energy consumption has been investigated.
2. VEHICLE FORCES 2.1 Rolling Resistance Force (Frr) The friction between the tires and the driving surface causes the rolling resistance force. At a stop, the rolling resistance force is zero. When the vehicle begins to move, the rolling resistance force acts in the opposite direction of motion, and it may be calculated by multiplying the rolling resistance coefficient Cr by the normal force between the vehicle and the road. On a level surface, the normal force is equal to the vehicle mass m multiplied by the standard gravity g.The normal force is equal to the weight m.g multiplied by the cosine of the inclination angle in the case of a sloping road. It's important to note that rolling resistance is unaffected by vehicle speed and always acts in the opposite direction of travel. The coefficient Cr should be low to keep frictional losses to a minimum. For contemporary automobiles, it's usually between 0.01 and 0.02.
Key Words: Driving cycle, Mathematical Modelling, Simulink, MATLAB, Motor, Resistive Force and SOC etc.
1. INTRODUCTION Electric vehicles are made up of several models that are linked together to allow the vehicle to function. When developing an electric car, several factors must be fixed first, such as tire radius, engine type, battery type, and vehicle size. These variables are utilized to calculate numerous aspects such as resistances presented, torque provided by tires, and battery charge and discharge rates. The vehicle's design has a significant impact on the vehicle's efficiency. If the vehicle is more aerodynamically engineered, it will have to overcome less resistance when driving, which will lessen the strain on the motor, allowing it to run more efficiently and provide a longer range. The environment and terrain in which we will utilize Electric Vehicles is an especially important element, because different terrains have varied environmental conditions, and the Electric Vehicle should be constructed in such a way that it adapts to the terrain in order to improve the vehicle's performance. The Motor and the Battery are the two most important components of an electric vehicle. The type of motor to use is determined by the environment in which the vehicle will be driven, as well as the amount of range for which the vehicle must be designed. Varying motors produce different torques. The battery that is chosen is determined by the amount of range that the vehicle requires. Because there is a steady flow of charge between the motor and the battery, the motor and the battery must sync efficiently. As the world progresses in
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2.2 Gradient Force(Fgrad) The gradient force is the force that operates on a vehicle when it is going uphill or downhill. The longitudinal component of gravitational force, namely the gradient force, is responsible for the gradient force. where theta is the road's inclination angle. The cosine component of gravity adds to the normal force and the related rolling resistance force, as previously stated. When driving downhill, the gradient force and angle theta are negative, but when driving uphill, they are positive. Road gradients are usually stated as a percentage in terms of tangent theta, with a value of plus or minus ten.
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