“TREATMENT OF GREY WATER USING HYBRID REACTOR”

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

“TREATMENT OF GREY WATER USING HYBRID REACTOR”

G. D. Jadhao1, M. U. Khobragade2

1M. Tech (EWRE) Final Year, (COEP, Pune 411005), India 2Assistant Prof (COEP, Pune - 411005), India ***

Abstract: Water scarcity is emerging as a major issue in the urban and peri-urban regions of India which is caused by a high population density, low rainfall and high groundwater extraction. Grey water treatment is one of the most beneficial way of treating and re-using water for day to day use as decentralized approach to overcome short range water shortages. There are several well established water treatment technologies that can be used to treat and re-use water as membrane bioreactor (MBR), rotating biological, contactor (RBC), constructed wetland (CW), etc. This paper focuses on treatment of Grey water using Hybrid reactor, hybrid reactor gives better quality of water that can be re-used.

Key words: Greywater,re-use,Hybridreactor.

1. Introduction:

Watershortagesareemergingasmajorissuesbroughtaboutbyfactorssuchasurbanization,pollutionofwaterbodies,human lifestyle needing higher water demands, industrial growth increasing water use and higher water consumption due to urbanized lifestyles. Since new water sources are unlikely to be discovered, wastewater recycling can alleviate existing shortages. AsGreywater isavailableeasilyandisavailableinabundanceitmakesit one ofthebestways forre usingwaste water. Grey water is defined as the urban wastewater that includes water from baths, showers, hand basins, washing machines, dishwashers and kitchen sinks, but excludes streams from toilets. According to WHO, the term "greywater" refers tountreated household wastewater, which has not been contaminated by toilet waste It is considered high volume, low strengthwastewaterwithhighpotentialforreuseandapplication.

In contrast to other methods of water capture like rainwater harvesting, which depends on hydrological circumstances, greywater reuse has been seen as a stable method of maintaining water security. Greywater accounts for up to 75% of the waste water volume produced by households, and this can increase to about 90% if dry toilets are used. It has also been estimatedthatgreywaterproducedaccountsforabout69%ofdomesticwaterconsumption.Themajorfactorsthataffectthe grey water vary highly among households depending on the food habits and standard of living. The major factors that affect thegreywatervaryhighlyamonghouseholdsdependingonthefoodhabitsandstandardofliving.Greywaterconsistsoflow levelsofcontaminatingpathogensandnitrogen,re useandre cyclingofgreywaterisreceivingincreasingattention.

Re useofgreywaterhasbeenanoldpractice,anditisstillbeingdoneinareasthatarewaterstressed.Theaimofthisstudyis to assess the performance of greywater treatment system using a Hybrid reactor. Hybrid reactor is a reactor that combines two/more reactors in series or in parallel (as suitable) that is used to enhance the water quality of water obtained after its treatment.

2. Material and methods

2.1.

Study area context:

Study area for this project is ‘H block, Boys hostel College of Engineering Pune.’ A source of Grey water behind boy’s hostel fromsewertank,asshownbelow.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

2.2. Hybrid treatment system:

Hybrid Water treatment system is different combination of existing water treatment system to treat water bodies more efficiently. Here we have placed two reactors in series one being aerator and another vertical flow Constructed Wetland. Effluentoffirstreactorsystemwouldbeinfluentoflatersystem.FurtherthelimitswouldbecheckedasperIS10500between acceptableandpermissiblelimit

2.2.1 Aerator:

Inordertoremovedissolvedgaseslikecarbondioxideandoxidizedissolvedmetalslikeiron,aerationistheprocessofputting water and air into close contact. Additionally, it can be used to purge water of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The treatment plant's first significant process is frequently aeration. Before they can affect the treatment processes, components areeliminatedoralteredduringaeration.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Aerationreactor

Aerationmotor

Aerationbubbles

Table -1: ContactperiodforAeration Time(minutes) BeforeBODmg/l AfterBODmg/l 60 177 172 120 177 163 180 177 157 240 177 151 300 177 149 Itisfoundthatafter4hoursi.e.240minutesnotmuchofchangeinBODisseen.

2.2.2 Vertical flow Constructed Wetland:

Description: InlettankisprovidedwithGreywatertofeedintoAerationtank.Aerationtankisprovidedwithamechanical motorwithaerationbulb,sothatwhenitisplacedinaerationtankbubblesgetgenerated. DifferentiterationsofcontactperiodforaerationiscalculatedtogetmaximumefficiencyofBODremoval. An artificial wetland is a type of organic wastewater treatment system that mimics and enhances the functions of naturally occurring wetlands in the purification of water. Water, aquatic plants (such as reeds and duckweed), naturally occurring microorganisms,andafilterbed(oftenmadeofsand,soil,and/orgravel)areallusedinthesystem. Vegetationisamongthe mostimportantcomponent, thevegetationthatare mostoften used inconstructed wetlands are persistent emergentplants, suchasbulrushes(Scirpus),spikerush(Efeocharis),andothersedges(Cyperus),rushes(Juncus),commonreed(Phragrnites), andcattails(Typha).

Cattails Canna Indica is commonly used plant for wetland establishment in China and other countries as it has rapid growth rate,largebiomassandbeautifulflowerswithgreatcapabilityofnutrientremoval.

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CattailsCannaIndica

Verticalflowconstructedwetlandismadewithdifferentlayersofpebblerocks(wellgraded),sandandCannaIndicamounted above.Pebblesource Mula Rive (Karmoli Village)

Final model shows the water collected after aeration, as influent to reactor. Grey water their filters and is collected in collectiontank.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

3. Results and Discussion:

Thefinaltestresultsareasfollows:

Table 2: Testresult

Tests BeforeAeration AfterAeration AfterVFCW pH 6.14 6.46 6.98

Dissolvedoxygen(mg/l) 6 9.16 8.2 BOD(mg/l) 177 151 19 SuspendedSolids(mg/l) 232 228 22 Hardness(mg/l) 198 198 120

Turbulenceiscreatedwhenwaterisaerated.TheturbulencethenleadstothereleaseofaqueousCO2(carbondioxide).ThepH risesasa resultofCO2 fromwateroutgassing.Theonlywaytoraise pHthatdoesn'talsoraisetotal alkalinityisbyaeration from6.14to6.46.

We can see Biological Oxygen Demand reduces to around 85.30% after aeration and reduces by 89.26% after treating with VerticalFlowConstructedWetland(VFCW)

Suspendedsolidsisreducedby90.52%infinalresult.Asignificantamount ofreductioninhardnessisalsoseen.

4. Conclusion:

From the results above it can be concluded that Hybrid reactor can be used as a decentralized approach at a household or combined for 3 to 4 household. With increase urbanization, pollution of water bodies, human lifestyle needing higher water demands, industrial growth increasing water use and higher water consumption scarcity of water is increasing. And as Grey waterisavailableinabundance,usingahybridreactorisoneofthebestfittedsolutiontore usingwaterforGardeningaswell asforagriculturaluse.Treatedgraywaterisasubstituteoffreshwatertobeusedfornon potablepurpose.Thegovernment may take measures to persuade the populace to install grey water treatment facilities in major buildings, complexes, public spaces,aswellassinglehomes,particularlyinlocationswherethereisawatershortage.

5. References:

• EfficientGreyWaterTreatmentandReuseOptionsforIndia M.B.Sushmitha,H.N.ChanakyaandHimanshuKumar KhuntiaAReview.In:GhoshS.WasteWaterRecyclingandManagement.Springer,Singapore.

• Grey water treatment in UASB reactor at ambient temperature. Elmitwalli TA, Shalabi M, Wendland C, Otterpohl R. “Water Science and Technology”. 2007;55:173 180.

• GreywaterCharacteristics,TreatmentSystems,ReuseStrategiesandUserPerceptionbyMichaelOteng Peprah,Mike Agbesi Acheampong, and Nanne K. deVries in Springer: Water Air Soil Pollut. 2018 ; 229(8): 255. Published online 2018Jul16.

• Treatment of Grey Water for Reusing in Non Potable Purpose to Conserve Water in India by Sonali Manna in “Department of Civil Engineering, Priyadarshini Institute of Technology, Nellore 524004, Andhra Pradesh, India”

• Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case by Maria Cristina Collivignarelli, MarcoCarnevaleMiino, FrancoHernan Gomez, in ‘International journal ofEnvironment researchand PublicHealth’.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

• TreatmentofGreyWaterforReusinginNon PotablePurposetoConserveWaterinIndia SonaliMannapublishedin “InternationalJournalofAppliedEnvironmentalSciences”Volume13,Number8(2018)

• Grey Water Recycle System for a University Building: A Case Study in Thailand Wannawit Taemthong and PhongphiphatPhenphonin“InternationalJournalofAppliedEnvironmentalSciences”Volume13,Number8(2018)

• Characteristicsofgreywastewater.ErikssonE,AuffarthK,HenzeM,LedinAUrbanWater(2002)4(1):85 104

• Greywater reuse systems for toilet flushing in multi storey buildings Nolde E (2000) over ten years’ experience in Berlin.Urbanwater