GPS Monitoring System for Dementia Care

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

GPS Monitoring System for Dementia Care

Prathamesh Jadhav1, Trupti Sonawane2, Atharv Phadale3 ,Aakanksha Jadhav4 , Neeta Chavan5

1,2,3,4 Student, Electronics and Telecommunication, VESIT, Mumbai, India 5Asst. Professor, Electronics and Telecommunication, VESIT, Mumbai, India ***

Abstract Dementia may be a condition within which an individual deals with memory loss/ forgetfulness problems that build the members of the family to be undergone towards them, by observance incessantly with a concern of losing them in obscurity. In line with a survey there are quite ten million cases per year of individuals escorted by insanity (India). Thus to develop a system which will build their members of the family less accountable is a necessity.

In order to beat the problem featured by folks coping with dementia we have a tendency to come up with associate degrees wear: a solution using embedded system which can be integrated with GPS module to trace the placement incessantly and causing their live location status to their members of the family via GSM module and show the placement on an android application. Main motive of our project is to develop a system so as to assist folks coping with this problem to travel around severally .Additionally, we built this method compact in size. So, that it'd be user handy and price economical.

Key Words: memory loss, embedded system, GPS module, trace live location, GSM module , android application, Dementia

1. INTRODUCTION

Dementia is a neurological disease that affects communication and performance of daily activities. It is characterizedbya decline inmemory,language,problem solving and other cognitive skills that affect a person’s ability to perform everyday activities. It makes it impossible for people plagued by it to travel independently, also the relatives of patients always have to be the cause of them. Also they need to stay in their company all the time. During this rapidly moving busy scheduledworldit'sneededthatthereshouldbeasystem where relatives monitor to assist patient’s location for safety and also in order that they will travel independently.

Thedisorientationofthesicknessmakesevenwell known environments become unfamiliar, creating numerous peoplewithdementiatowanderandfindthemselvesinto

risky circumstances which will prompt serious harm or death.Thechancetothinkaboutthisdiseaseisincreasing in age; it affects more folks that are 60 or above. These patientsareusuallykeptinnursinghomesbutthere'salso a risk of patients wandering outside. Reception for the people with little of an improved condition going out independently continues to be a risk. This technique monitors the placement of the person and sends the data to their relatives. Users can even set a predetermined range and if the patient crosses that range the system sendstheuseranalertmessage.

The GPS monitoring system was previously developed by my researchers for vehicle tracking and in military operations. A system with an application to display the placement onto the map on the user device is required to be developed. Previously developed systems work for Alzheimerpatientsatnursinghomes.

This project proposes system made using GPS and GSM technology embedded system which is able to be integrated with GPS module to trace the placement continuouslyandsendingtheirlivelocationstatustotheir members of the family via GSM module and display the placementonanandroidapplication

The organization of the paper is as follows, Section 2 Provides the literature survey that is the summary of related works Section 3 explains the proposed system. Section4StarestheMethodologyoftheSystem. Section5 elaboratestheresultsobtainedfromthesystem.Section6 concludesthepaperincludingthefuturescope.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Peoplewithdementiawanderingindependentlyarea risk forthemandworrisomethingforcaregiver:

A system to track the location of Alzheimer’s patients to send the location of patients to the caregivers at the nursing home is developed using GPS GSM technologies. There are developed systems for wandering patients at the nursing homes focusing more on the elder aged patients.(2)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

The latest microprocessor and telecommunication technologies are being used to create a multipurpose vehicle tracking system. The monitoring system receives GPS location and bearing information from the vehicle system.AmapmatchingalgorithmcombinedwiththeGPS location and heading at the monitoring system reliably determines and displays the road segment on which the car drives. Using data from accelerometers and pressure sensors, the tracking system also alerts the user in the eventofanaccident.Itisalsoequippedtostopthevehicle through an ignition switching mechanism created with relays.(3)

Wearable smart locator band is an electronic gadget that canbewornonachild'swristtotrackandmonitorthem. In this proposed system as the number of mishaps with children is increasing, it is a must to keep them safe. ZigBee,GPSisusedtomonitorthepatient.AZigBeedevice isusedwhichisconnectedwiththedementiapatients.(4) MIWI bolsters low information rate and aids in making minimal effortsystems. Aproposedsystem with a patient and caretaker module uses MiWi transmitter, GPS, GSM and heartbeat sensor and MiWi receiver, microcontroller, LCDDisplayrespectively.(5)

An android application to monitor the vehicle location using GPS and GSM technology is developed, (6)here in order to track the vehicle, the mobile user has to call on the The SIM number that is stored in the device's GSM module. The Android app can display the coordinates of theplacereceivedintheSMS.

An approach for developing a rescue system along with the tracking system for dementia and elder people (7)a proposed system includes The shoes have a GPS receiver, microcontroller, and a long range LoRa transmission module, which transmits real time location, body temperature,andvoltagetoagatewaydevice.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT

Dementia is a condition in which a person deals with memory loss or forgetfulness issues. Which makes their family members to be more responsible towards them by monitoring them continuously with a fear of losing them innowhere.Accordingtoasurveytherearemorethan10 million cases per year of people escorted by dementia (India). So to develop a system which will make their family members less responsible is a necessity. The Project is designed mainly to provide location updates of thepeopletotheirfamiliesviaandroidapplication.

4. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Theplannedmethodisintendedtomakethelivesofthose living with dementia easier, as well as to reduce their reliance on their relatives. Both hardware and software are included in the suggested system. The hardware components consist of a GPS module is used to retrieve locationinformation,anSTM32microcontrollerisusedto operate and monitor systemactivities, and a GSM module isusedto sendlocation informationto theapplicationvia SMS services. The software component consists of a mobile application that may receive SMS carrying patient positioninformation,whichisdisplayedontheapp'smap activity and also informs the user if the patient is outside thechosensafecircle.

5. METHODOLOGY

5.1 GPS TECHNOLOGY

A GPS is a system of 30+ navigation satellites orbiting around the Earth. We know where they are because they constantly send out signals. A GPS receiver has an ability toreceivethesesignals.Oncethe GPS receivercalculates its distance from four or more GPS satellites, it can figure outlocationcoordinates.

5.2 DEMENTIA CARE(APPLICATION)

The application is developed for the people dealing with dementia with an aim to make their relatives to be less dependentuponthembykeepinganeyeonthemthrough the application. The application consists ofa signup page fortheuserswhoareregisteringforthefirsttime. Where, theirentereddetailsgetssavedinthedatabase.Inorderto receive the location information the user needs to get himself/herself logged in to ensure proper security and authentication. Which is done by entering the phone number along with the secondary phone number (Hardware SIM card) and password. Once, the user is properlyauthenticated,theapplicationgivesaccesstothe user to receive the SMS from hardware and filter out the location information from the SMS. This location informationcontainslatitudeandlongitudecoordinatesof thepatientwhichisdisplayedonthemapscreenasalerts the user if the patient is not in a distance of 100m from userlocation.

5.3 GSM TECHNOLOGY

Short message service (SMS) is a supplementary service that allows GSM users and base stations to send alphanumeric pages of limited length ,while carrying conventional voice traffic. It is a store and forward

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

method of sending and receiving messages between mobilephones.

5.4 IMPLEMENTATION

Thewholesystemrelieson3majorcomponentswhichare the Neo 6m GPS module, STM32 and SIM800L GSM module. The GPS module compromise of GPS receiver which is used to fetch out the live coordinates of the person dealingwithdementia.TheGPSmoduleis integrated withtheceramic antenna whichhastheability toreceivetheveryhighfrequencyincomingfromtheGPS satellites.Theco ordinatesfetchedoutbytheGPSmodule is then transmitted to STM32 via serial communication pins.STM32istheheartofthesystemwhichcontrolsand monitors all the activities of the system. After receiving the coordinates from the GPS module, STM32 sends a command to SIM800L GSM module to transmit the location fetched out by GPS module to relatives/desired phonenumberviaSMS.

5.5 COMPONENTS

5.5.1

NEO 6M GPS Module

Figure 1.ActualHardwareSystem

Later on, this SMS is received by the user’s/relative’s mobilephone.TheapplicationprocessesthereceivedSMS after the user has completed the login process which is done to have proper authentication and security. The coordinates of users/relatives are compared with coordinates received by the latest SMS. If the distance of both the coordinates is more than 200m then application notifies the user that person is not inside the safe circle and the live location of person dealing with dementia is displayedontheapplicationthroughout.

Figure 2. GPSMODULE

The NEO 6M GPS module is a high performance full GPS receiverwithabuilt in25x25x4mmceramicantennafor reliable satellite search. With the power and signal indicators, you can monitor the status of the module and themodulehastheabilitytofetchout coordinateshaving accuracywithin25meters.

5.5.2 STM32F103C

Microprocessor -

STM32 is an STMicroelectronics family of 32 bit microcontroller integrated circuits. The Cortex M33F, Cortex M7F, Cortex M4F, Cortex M3, Cortex M0+, and Cortex M0areallSTM32processorsthatarebasedonthe same32 bitARMprocessingcore.Incomparisontoofficial Arduino boards, these boards are extremely inexpensive, and the hardware is open source. STMicroelectronics STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller is mounted on top of it. Aside from the Microcontroller, the board contains two crystaloscillators,oneofwhichisan8MHzcrystalandthe othera32KHzcrystal,bothofwhichcanbeusedtopower theinternalRTC(RealTimeClock).

Figure 3 STM32F103CSPECIFICATIONS

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Figure 4. STM32F103C

5.5.3 SIM800L GSM Module

TheSIM800L isa small cellularmodulethatcansendand receive GPRS data, send and receive SMS, and make and receive voice calls, connecting to the internet through GPRS, TCP/IP, and more. To top it off, the module is compatible with a quad band GSM/GPRS network, which meansitcanbeusedalmosteverywhereintheworld.The SIM800L GSM cellular chip from SimCom is at the core of themodule.Thechip'soperationalvoltagerangesfrom3.4 to 4.4 volts, making it an excellent choice for direct LiPo battery power. As a result, it's a fantastic fit for projects thatdon'thavealotofroom

Figure 5. GSMMODULE

● Recommendedsupplyvoltage:4V

● Supplyvoltage:3.8V 4.2V

● Powerconsumption: sleepmode<2.0mSupplyA idlemode<7.0mA GSMtransmission(avg):350mA GSMtransmission(peek):2000mA

● Modulesize:25x23mm

Figure 6. Flowchart

Theapplicationconsistsoffollowingparts:

1) Registration:Theuserhastoregisterintotheapp withtheirname,mobilenumberandauniquepassword.

2) Login: login activity used to carry out proper authenticationandverificationoftheuser..

3) Map page: The live location of the patient is displayedonthemapscreenoftheapplication.

4) Range:Toalerttheuserifthepatentisnotinthe rangeof200mi.esafecircle,fromthelocation.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

a) AndroidStudio

Android Studio is the official integrated development environment (IDE) for Android application development It's based on IntelliJ IDEA, a Java integrated development environmentforsoftwaredevelopmentthatincludescode editing and developer tools. To aid application development on the Android operating system, Android Studio uses a Gradle based build system, emulator, code templates, and Github integration. One or more source codeandresourcefiletypesareincludedineveryAndroid Studio project. Among these modalities are Android app modules, Library modules, and Google App Engine modules. Code completion, refraction, and analysis are all features of a code editor that assist programmers in writing code. Android Studio applications are subsequently compiled into the APK format for submission.

b) Firebase

The Firebase Real time Database is a database that is hosted in the cloud. Data is saved in JSON format and synchronized in real time across all connected clients. When you use our iOS, Android, and JavaScript SDKs to create cross platform apps, all of your clients share a single Real time Database instance and are automatically updatedwiththemostrecentdata.Bygivingsecureaccess tothedatabasedirectlyfromclient sidecode,theFirebase Real time Database allows you to create complex, collaborative apps. Data is saved locally, and real time events continue to occur even when the user is not connected, ensuring a responsive experience. Firebase is used as the main server which stores the user entered informationduringregistration.

6. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

Network range plays an important role in this system. According to the proposed plan, the final outcome of this leads to the development of the GPS monitoring system. The System consists of a hardware device for the patient tocarryandanapplication forcaregiverortherelativeof the patient. Longitude and the latitude is determined by the GPS module which is further sent to the caregiver using the GSM module. The message is displayed on the mobilescreenoftheuserandtheconditionsare.I

● Ifthepersonorthedeviceisnotinthepredefined location range then an alert message is displayed on the screen and the track option appears to track the location ofthedevice.

● Ifthepersonorthedeviceisinthepredetermined location range then the location is directly displayed onto themobiledisplay.

Figure 8 Loginpage,Locationtracking

7. CONCLUSIONS

Thenumberofpatientswithdementiacontinuestogrow, causingaheavystressinthefamilies.Inordertosolvethe problem of loss of dementia patients and reduce stress of the caregiver we propose the GPS Tracking system for dementia care which provides real time location of the patient withhelp ofa GPS moduleandsends thelocation, viaSMS,totheCaregivers.

The system has an easy to use android application which displays location on the map and also displays the alert messages.Thisisgreathelptopatients'caregiversandcan beusedbynursinghomesforwanderingpatientstoo.

REFERENCES

[1] International, World Health Organization and Alzheimer’sDisease.Dementia:apublichealthpriority.s.l. :WorldHealthOrganization,2012.ISBN:978924156445 8.

[2] AMultipurposeVehicleTrackingSystemBasedon ARM CORTEX M3 STM32, HMC5883L, MPU 6050, GSM and GPS. A Multipurpose Vehicle Tracking System Based onARMCORTEX M3STM32,HMC5883L,MPU 6050,GSM and GPS. s.l. : Journal of traffic and logistics Engineering, 2016.Vol4no.1.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

[3] Engr. Melannie B. Mendoza, Camille A. Bergado, JamesLemuelB.DeCastro,RayGersonT.Siasat.Tracking SystemforPatients withAlzheimer’sDiseaseina Nursing Home.pp.2566 2570:IEEERegion10Conference,2017.

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