The Role of Sciences and Arts for Boosting the Designing interior Spaces of the Wellbeing of those A

The Role of Sciences and Arts for Boosting the Designing interior Spaces of the Wellbeing of those Affected with Catastrophes ( 19 & War as Example

COVID-)

Main Author: Yamen Idelby *

Search supervisors

Prof. Jamal Al-Ahmar * Prof. Oqba Fakush *

Abstract

Givingablindeyetothebehavioralsciencesininteriordesignespeciallycalledustoshedthelightonthemostsignificant aspect of the design process, i.e. the human being, and to attend to her/ his psychological state in order to correct the design process so the start shall be from the human being and end with her/ him. Hence, we need to correlate the theoretical sciences such as psychology, of all its types and schools, with the applied sciences such as design in order to reachthepsychologicaldesignthatisknowntobe:

The design where psychology shall be the main designing tool

Thestudywasconductedin 2020 withthehelpof Irtiqaa DevelopmentSociety in Damascus;a societythatholdsa large number of displaced families children who came from the governorates and suburbs seeking tranquility and security runningawayfromthedangersofdisasters.Thecontrolledgroupwas elected(specialists inarttherapy and psychology fromthisassociation)inaccordancewiththestatisticalprobabilitytheory(thegroupisdeliberatelyaimed).

Keywords:

InteriorDesign ArtTherapy PTSD Evidence BasedDesign

Search Terms

Thefollowingphrasesandterminologies,whenevertheyoccur,shallhavethemeaningsstatednexttothem:

Wellbeing Boosting:itisthelimitationofthedisordersthatcauseanabnormalchangeinthehumanbeingbehaviorand psychewhichhelpinself controlandincreasesher/hisabilitytoselectthebehaviorsuitableforimmersionwiththenew socialstandards.

Post- traumatic Stress Disorders PTSD: it isa consequentreaction ofadults ingeneral, andchildren inspecific, caused by (human catastrophe) or more, such as physical and sexual assault, terrorist attack, war, imprisonment, political detainment,ortorture,or(naturalcatastrophe)suchasfireandearthquakes.Thisinteractionbetweenthemindandbody makes the individual on a constant perception of the trauma causing the overlap pf a person with his/ her self, and stayingawayhis/heremotions.

Artistic Therapy: the America Association definedit as being one of theforms of boosting the wellbeing psychologically andphysicallyusingartasthemainmethodforcommunicationandexpressing.

* LecturerattheFacultyofArchitectureinDamascus,aninternationalcoachforlearningcreativethinking,andart therapistfromtheArabAcademyinEgypt.

* AssistantProfessorattheFacultyofArchitectureatDamascusUniversity ArchitecturalDesignDepartment

* AssistantProfessorattheFacultyofArchitectureatDamascusUniversity ArchitecturalDesignDepartment

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Introduction

Fisher’s (1) definition of psychological design stated that it is the design which creates spaces that psychologically and physicallysupportstheuserinordertobecomeaninnovativeproducer.Thatthepsychologicaldesignreliesinitsdesign producton a personal that dawnson the user’s character andunderstanding her/ his behavior inorder to meet her/ his psychologicalandphysicalneeds.Sternberg* confirmsthenecessarydesignofspacesbasedontheusersreactionsstudy. Boosting the wellbeing of the spaces users relates to their perception and understanding of the space (Sternberg.2010); here, we can find out that the overlapping area between psychology, as a theoretical science, and design, as an applied science, correlates in several terminologies, the most significant of which are: study of character, emotion, behaviour, cognition,andrelationsamongpersons 2,recognizingthespaceinteriordesignonthemutualdialoguebetweenthespace usersandthedesignersothatsuchdialoguewouldproduceadesignproductthatfitstheirneeds.

Natural and human catastrophes usually cause troubles that affect the surrounding circumstances of human being; such troublesmaybesocialorsocietal.Thesocialtroublerelatestotheconflicts,addition,violence…etc.sufferedbythefamily; whilethesocietaltroublesarecausedbythe economic,political,andeducationalflaw…etc.thisnegativelyreflectsonthe societal life and societal wellbeing. Some health related natural disasters emerged, COVID 19, besides the emergence of somehumandisastersrepresentedbywarsandconflicts.Suchconflictshadhugenegativeinfluenceuntothechildrenand theelderly

First: Natural Health Related Disasters, COVID-19 as Example:

COVID 19 pandemic changed our lives enormously. It is an unprecedented global biological threat regarding size and durationthatisitstillcontinuant,affectingusinwholeregardlesstheskincolour,race,andfortune.3 Despitethefact thatCOVID 19 is a thirdviral spreadover thepasttwenty years,it isthe firstin thetwenty first century thataffectscountriesalloverthecontinents,saveAntarctica. 4 Thispandemicwasaccompaniedwithhomequarantinewhichtookpartincausingwellbeingdisordersofallsocialstrata without exceptions, especially the children and the elderly. Quarantine helped in increasing depression and anxiety symptoms due to the fear of the negative characteristics of the disease and contracting it; this quarantine helped in increasing the (psychological, physical, and mental) health problems, and built up a barrier hindering immersion with society. Mass media have been having a role in expedition of the psychological disorder process of the elderly that they have supported in their reports that the pandemic targets the elderly 5, even children have not been safe against its consequences. During quarantine, they endured a chronic stress period such as compulsory quarantine from their peers due to social distancing. This quarantine caused mental and psychological stresses. Suspending school and prevention going out to parks and playgrounds cause the emergence of post traumatic stress disorders such as anxiety and acute depression; this catastrophe caused the deterioration of provision of preventive and therapeutic societal services. 6

1) Ellen Fisher: contemporary interior designer, American researcher, holder of doctorate in psychological design, lecturingprofessorintheNewYorkCollegeofInteriorDesign,specializedinEBDbaseddesign.

* Esther M. Sternberg: contemporary doctor, expert in physical and psychological wellbeing, lecturer in most of the universitiesoftheEuropeanUnion,withawideexperienceinlinkageofsensestothesurroundingambience.

2)KhalilIbrahimAli,2007.Psychologicallanguageinarchitecture.SchoolofArchitecture.Baghdad

3) AhmadA,MuellerCandTsamakisK:Covid 19pandemic:Apublicandglobalmentalhealthopportunityforsocial transformation?BMJ.369(m1383)2020.PubMed/NCBIViewArticle:GoogleScholar

4) Docea AO, Tsatsakis A, Albulescu D, Cristea O, Zlatian O, Vinceti M, Moschos SA, Tsoukalas D, Goumenou M, DrakoulisN,etal:Anewthreatfromanoldenemy:Re emergenceofcoronavirus(Review).IntJMolMed.

5) Pan American Health Organization (PAHO): Policy Brief: The impact of COVID 19 on older persons.https://www.paho.org/en/documents/policy brief impact covid 19 older persons. Accessed May 1, 2020

6) LoadesME,ChatburnE,Higson SweeneyN,ReynoldsS,ShafranR,BrigdenA,LinneyC,McManusMN,BorwickC andCrawleyE:Rapidsystematicreview:theimpactofsocialisolationandlonelinessonthementalhealthof childrenandadolescentsinthecontextofCOVID 19.JAmAcadChildAdolescPsychiatry.2020

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Personswithhealthandmentaldiseasesundergoneincreasedrelapsesofanxiety,depression,hallucination,andparanoia, increasingthepercentageofsuicidelately.7 Ina2020studyinManitoba,Canada,theyfoundoutthatCOVID 19pandemichasaneffectonchildrenaffectedwithpost traumatic stress disorder due to not returning back to school and social communication with the friends and relatives causingmoredeteriorationofthepsychologicalandphysicalwellbeing.Thestudyexplainedthatthispandemiccausedthe suicideof22girlsagingbetween11 17yearsold. 8

Second: Health Related Human Catastrophes (Wars as Example):

Mass media all over the world do usually transmit the image of material destruction made to the buildings and infrastructures; however, they are unable to transmit the volume and depth of the psychological influences of war on inhabitants. War in Ukraine destructed the life of everyone despite their identities; we witnessed the panic of children, strifeof parents to remain alive, while such conflict underlies the horrors suffered by millions of the elderly, isolated, all alone. A Human Rights Watch report of 2022, addressing the different world conflicts, confirmed how the elderly are exposedtothesameviolationsenduredbyothersmercilessly,includinghomicide,assault,kidnap,rape,ortorture they mightbeexposedtolargerdanger.

The report documents other challenges overtook the displaced children that are facing difficulties to access and obtain aidsinSyriaandSouthernSudan,inadditiontoarbitrarydetainmentandimprisonmentinEthiopia. Catastrophes and crises must be an alarm for governments and international community to wake up for defining the requirements of the persons affected with catastrophes and addressing their needs. This corresponds to what the World HealthOrganizationconfirmedonthenecessaryattentiontothesocietalandhealthspaces,especiallythosededicatedfor children and the elderly. In Germany, they started to concentrate on the term “Psychological Designer” who seeks constantly scientific methodologies and designing principles linking psychology to art in order to obtain preventive wellbeingspaces.Thequestionraisedhereis:

How can interior design have a positive and preventive influence on those affected with the catastrophes? Inorderto answerthis question,it wasnecessaryto benefitfromthe findingsofsciencesandcorrelatetheminorderto finddesigningbasesthathelpintheproductionofaninteriordesignwhichmeetstherequirementsofitsusers;inorderto attendtothewellbeingofthoseaffectedwithcatastrophesandboostitbasedontheopinionofexpertsininteriordesign and psychological and artistic therapy. The survey (Annex 1) aims at reaching designing preventive, not therapeutic, wellbeing spaces for the assessment of quality of usage of some design elements in the interior design taking part in boosting the wellbeing of the space users and change their behaviour based on the findings of some cognitive sciences. Hence,thetargetedsamplecomprised15expertsofpsychologicalandartistictherapyspecialistsand15academicexperts of interior design. It was sufficient to conduct the statistical work suitable for the variables of the research study*. The surveywasformulatedanddistributedunderthesupervisionofspecialistscopingwiththenatureofstudy;thequestions weremultiple choicequestions,andtheanswerswereofnumerousaspects.Thesurveycollectionprocesswasconducted personally, between the research and specialist, via personal interview. The survey was prepared pursuant to numerous axes that relate the interior design elements (form material colour) with multifunction spaces, i.e. (reception and waiting diners sportsactivities healthswimmingpool groupactivities diagnosis musichealthboosting artistic healthboosting sensualtraining Movementtraining). The statistical processing was conducted depending on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS through enteringthesurveys(subjectsresponses)accordingtoeachquestion,thenfeedingmanyanswerstotheresponsedegrees

7) Moreno C, Wykes T, Galderisi S, Nordentoft M, Crossley N, Jones N, Cannon M, Correll CU, Byrne L, Carr S, et al: How mental health care should change as a consequence of the COVID 19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 7:813 824.2020

8) ColinA.Capaldi.2021.Originalquantitativeresearch SuicideideationinCanadaduringtheCOVID 19pandemic https://www.canada.ca/en/public health/services/reports publications/health promotion chronic disease prevention canada research policy practice/vol 41 no 11 2021/suicide ideation covid 19 pandemic.html

*ENG.FahmyAl Faouri:SystemsAnalystintheCentralStatisticalOffice,CertifiedStatisticalSystemsAnalystfromthe ArabCenterforStatisticalStudies ArabUniversity/Jordan

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

ineveryaccessofthestudy, then, eachphrasehada percentageforeveryphrase,anditwasanalyzed.Analysisincluded thefollowing:

a Percentagesandfrequentdistributions(qualitativestudy)andrelativeweight.

b IndependentTTestfortestingthecomparisonofstudybetweenthefirstgroup(interiordesignexperts)and the second group (psychology and artistic therapy experts). The comparison was conducted between the average appraisal of the first group with the average appraisal of the second group through T Test and the immaterialsignificanceformeasurementat95%trustpercentagethroughrule:

(IfSig≥0.05,nosignificantdifferences)

(IfSig≤0.05,therearesignificantdifferencesinappraisal)

Atablecomparingtheresultsofthequestionnaireamongspecialistsregardingtheuseofsomeelementsofinteriordesign inthespacesofcommunitycenters

Spaces Design Elements

Waiting roomand reception

Blocks walls

Psychology and art therapy specialists

vertical angle

Interior design specialists

vertical angle

curved walls cladding materials

curvedwalls

Wood  Wood Colors

Calmpastel colors  neutral

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichis forinteriordesign

Workshop

Blocks walls

 vertical angle  pyramidal block

 vertical angle  curved walls cladding materials  Wood

Metal  Wood

Colors  Orange  Calmpastel colors

 Calmpastel colors  neutral

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichis forinteriordesign

dining space

Blocks walls  vertical angle  vertical angle cladding materials

Glass  Wood  Wood

Colors  Calmpastel colors  Orange

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichisinfavoroftheinteriordesign sports Blocks  Italic  vertical

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space walls  Cylinder angle Cladding materials  Wood  Coated cement

Colors  Calmpastel colors  Orange

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichisinfavorofpsychologyandarttherapy

Spaarea

Blocks walls  curvedwalls

 vertical angle  curved walls cladding materials  Glass  Coated cement

Colors  Blue  Calmpastel colors

 Blue  Calmpastel colors

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichisinfavoroftheinteriordesign Montessori space

Blockswalls  Italic  vertical angle cladding materials  Wood  Wood

Colors  Blue  Calm pastel colors

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichisinfavorofpsychologyandarttherapy Diagnostic spaces

Blocks walls  vertical angle  vertical angle cladding materials  Wood  Wood

Colors  Calmpastel colors

 Greenand its gradients  neutral

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichisinfavorofinteriordesignspecialists health promotion spaces withMusic

Blocks walls  ةبق  Ball  curved walls cladding materials  Wood  Wood

Colors  Calmpastel colors

 pastel colors  neutral

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichisinfavorofpsychologyandarttherapy health promotion Blocks walls  curved walls  verticalangle  curvedwalls

spaces withArt cylinder Cladding materials  Wood

Glass

yellow

Purple

Coated cement

pastelcolors

Colors

Calm pastel colors

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichisinfavorofpsychologyandarttherapy

Sensory training spaces

Blocks walls  cylinder  verticalangle cladding materials  Wood

Glass

Green

Wood Colors

Calm pastel colors

neutral

Blocks walls

curved walls

verticalangle

Findings:

Colors

Wood

Glass

pastel colors

Yellow

Wood

curvedwalls cladding materials

Uncoated cement

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichisinfavorofpsychologyandarttherapy Movement training spaces

Orange

Therearesignificantdifferencesintheevaluationofthe axes,whichisinfavoroftheinteriordesign

Recognizing the form and colour of the interior space of its content and definers helps in resolving the problem of hard immersion with the ambience; it can be achieved through EBD space design that meets the user’s needs.

1 It was noted that there is a contrast between the answers of interior design specialists and the psychology and artistic therapy specialists highlighting that there is no clear prior structure that assists in the design of the preventive wellbeing spaces which meet the needs of users within such spaces. However, we have now bases to startthecomingresearches.

2 Theanswersofthespecialistsinsomeinteriordesignelementscorrespondingforthefollowingspaces:

WaitingSpace:withuprightorcurvedwalls,andwoodencladding.

GroupActivitySpace:withuprightwalls,woodencladding,usingquitcolours.

DinersSpace:withuprightwallsandwoodencladding.

HealthSwimmingPool:withcurvedwalls,usingbluecolour.

MontessoriSpace:itispreferredtocladitswallswithwoodenmaterial.

DiagnosisSpace:withuprightwallsandwoodencladdingmaterial.

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MusicSpace:withcurvedwalls,woodencladdingofspace,andusingpastelcolours.

ArtisticWorkSpace:withcurvedwallsaccompaniedwithquitpastelcolours.

SensualTrainingSpace:withwoodencladdingmaterial.

Movement Training Space: with curved walls and wooden walls, accompanied with using the yellow and orange colours.

Appendix1

The questionnaire is addressed to specialists in interior design, psychologists and art therapy

Name: Workplace: Scientific Major The following is a questionnaire that includes inquiries about the methods of using some interior design elements (shape color material) within the spaces of the community centers, where the specialist can choose more than one answer topics options Waiting room and reception dining work shop sports space Spa area Montessori Diagnostic health promotion spaces with Musichealth promotion spaces with ArtSensory training spaces Movement training spaces