Smart Health Monitoring Device

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Smart Health Monitoring Device

1,2,3 Student, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, DSCE, Karnataka, India 4Professor, Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, DSCE, Karnataka, India ***

Abstract This paper is based on a project that aims to integrate the monitoring of important health parameters like body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen level in the human body. The project includes the MAX30102 oxygen level and heart rate sensor, and a temperature sensor. The microcontroller Arduino Lilypad is used to integrate the data collected from the sensors into the monitoring device. This device will allow a person to measure their Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) in about one minute, oxygen levels up to 100, and the precise body temperature. With the onset of a global pandemic, humanity has realized the need to monitor these parameters in order to ensure an efficient diagnosis of SARS Covid 19 Virus, as well as any underlying disease in the body. The working prototype of this projectisaimedtobeintegrated with a Machine Learning algorithm that enables the monitoring of these parameters;alongwith theopportunityto analyze real time data in order to diagnose an underlying condition. The instrumentation in the bio medical industry already has devices that monitor these parameters individually, but this project aims to amalgamate them into a single device for ease of use and systematic data storage. This paper discusses major aspects of the project like objectives, methodology, circuit diagram, social relevance, and scope for development.

Key Words: Health monitoring device, Instrumentation, Data Storage, Body Temperature, Oxygen Saturation

1. INTRODUCTION

Feverisoneofthefirstreactionsofthehumanbodytoan infection and is a common symptom of illnesses like influenzaandCOVID 19.Partofthehumanbraincalledthe hypothalamus constantly adjuststhebodytemperature in order to maintain a suitable environment for the body to carryoutitsfunctionseffectively.Afeverisproducedwhen thehypothalamusreceivesasignalfromtheimmunesystem directing it to raise body temperature in reaction to the presenceofanunwantedforeignparticleinthebody.This createsaheated,hostileenvironmentthatweakensthevirus andtriggersanimmunologicalresponse.

Atemperaturegreaterthan100°Fcanindicatethatthebody is fighting an infection. By regularly monitoring body temperature and analyzing the normal range for an individual, subtly higher temperatures can be detected easily.

Thenormalrestingheartrateinanadultrangesfrom60to 100 beats per minute. A lower resting heart rate usually impliesefficientheartfunctioningandbettercardiovascular fitness. A well trained athlete, for instance, might have a typicalrestingheartrateofcloseto40beatsperminute.A heart rate that is extremely high or low could point to a problemevenifeveryone'stypicalrangevaries.Acondition known as tachycardia may be present if the heart rate is continuouslyover100beatsperminute.Ontheotherhand, Bradycardia, a disorder that affects non athletic people, mightbeindicatedbyarestingheartratebelow60beatsper minute.Monitoringheartratehelpsdiagnoseanyunderlying conditioninindividualswithabnormalreadingsandhelps takepreventivemeasuresbeforeit’stoolate.

Oxygen saturation, also known as SpO2, is the ratio of the amountofoxygen carryinghaemoglobininthebloodtothe amountofhaemoglobinthatdoesnotcarryoxygen.Inorder forthebodytooperateproperly,itneedsacertainlevelof oxygentobepresentintheblood.Verydangerousillnesses likehypoxemiacanbecausedbyextremelylowSpO2values. Asaresultofthiscondition,thereisavisibleeffectonthe skin,knownascyanosis(spotsofbluetint)duetothelackof oxygen in the blood circulating throughout the body. Low oxygen levels in the blood can develop into hypoxia (low oxygenlevelsinthetissue),whichcanworsenthecondition oforgans connected to the tissue. When a person has a conditionthatlowers blood oxygenlevels,suchasa heart attack,heartfailure,COPD,anaemia,lungcancer,asthma,or pneumonia,monitoringSpO2levelsisessentialtodetermine theirhearthealthaswellasoverallhealth.

Ahealthmonitoringsuchastheoneproposedinthispaper isrequiredinordertotrackthesevitalhealthparameters from time to time. This real time approach towards monitoring has the potential to eliminate occurrences of emergencyandunforeseencasualtiesamongtheyoungand oldalike.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Table 1: LiteratureSurvey:KeyFindings

Author/Topic/Publisher/Year KeyFindings

SHATHIYS,LVERAVIJAYAN

Heartbeat and Temperature Sensor Using Arduino (Heart Rate Monitor) & Internet of Things

Politenik

Mr.AmarSaraswat

Sensing Heartbeat and Body Temperature Digitally Using Arduino SCOPES

2016

VikramSinghR.Parihar Heartbeat and Temperature MonitoringSystemforRemote PatientsUsingArduino IJAERS

2017

Samik Basu, Sinjoy Saha, Soumya Pandit and Soma Barman

Smart Health Monitoring System forTemperature,BloodOxygen Saturation, and Heart Rate Sensing withEmbeddedProcessing and Transmission Using IoT Platform 2020

The heartbeat sensor wasinitiallydesignedto measure internal temperature and heartbeatofhumanbody whichishighlyrelatedto heart stroke and heart attack cases. The most serious form of heat injury is heatstroke and it can occur if the body temperaturerisesto104 Forhigher.[4]

Anembeddedsystem whichcanmeasurethe heartrateandbody temperatureandstore thedataforthedoctor toknowthecondition ofthepatientcanhelp forthispurpose.[5]

Thetemperaturesensor produces analog output voltage which is proportional to the temperature. The temperature sensor required analog to digital converter (ADC) sothattheanalogoutput voltagecanbeconverted todigitalform.[6]

MAX3010x family sensors are used to measure both blood oxygen saturation and heartrateincomparison to the previously selected sensor which measuresonlytheheart rate.[7]

Real time pulse oximetry extraction using a lightweight algorithm and a task pipeline scheme

JohnVourvoulakis,Leonardos Bilalis IEEE 2021

The photoplethysmographic signal (PPG) is used to estimateSpO2 andHR.It indicates the light absorption of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin at a certain wavelength. Red and IR wavelengths are often used to extract PPG signals. Subsequently, various algorithms can be applied to the PPG signalsinordertoobtain SpO2 andHR.[8]

DesignandImplementationof anSPO2BasedSensorforHeart Monitoring Using an Android Application RadwaSameh,MGenedy 2020

The pulse oximeter’s measurementsarebased on the PPG signal acquired. PPG is a non invasive measurement technique which uses a light source and a light detectortomeasurethe variation in the volume of blood flowing to and fromthegivenregion. [9]

3. SOCIAL RELEVANCE

With the onset of new viral diseases and deteriorating human immunity, monitoring of vital health parameters becomesallthemoreimportant.Annualhealthcheck upsdo not suffice anymore, and day to day updates on these parametersarebecomingmoreimportantthaneverbefore. IntegrationofthisprojectwithMachineLearningwillenable regularmonitoringofpatients’parameters.

Thereal timedatafromthisdevicecanbeusedbymedical professionalsforeasierdiagnosisofchronicdiseasesbased onthepatient’smedicalhistory.Studyingtheseparameters and the response of the body to a change in them helps scientists and researchers understand the connection between these health parameters and complications of infectious diseases like Covid 19 better with time. IntegrationoftheprototypewithIoTisaimedatproviding alertsignalsongadgetsviae mail/messagingnotifications.

When fully developed, this device can also be used effectively in hospitals/dispensaries. The Arduino Lilypad Microcontrollercanbeeasilysewnintoclothes.Duetoits size and portability, the prototype can be easily used by individualsregularly.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

4. METHODOLOGY

When the microcontroller is turned on, the circuit begins toreadtheheartrate,SpO2,andambienttemperaturefrom theLM 35temperaturesensorandtheMAX30102sensor. TheIR LEDofthepulsesensorglowswhenevera pulseis found.ThephototransistordetectstheflashoftheIRLEDs andmodifiestheresistance.Aninterruptof2millisecondsis established to count the beats per minute (BPM). For wirelessconnection,theHC05Bluetoothmoduleisincluded.

Thegadgetattachedtoitreceivesthedatafromthesensors and transmits it to the microcontroller Arduino Lilypad, whichstorestheinformation.Additionally,thecollecteddata istransferredtotheserverwhereitwillbekeptandtrends will be analysed to help with disease diagnosis or just to keeptrackofvarioushealthmarkers.

4.1 HC05 Bluetooth Module:

The HC 05 Bluetooth module was created for wireless communication. Both master and slave configurations are compatiblewiththemodule.Itcanoperateupto100metres distance. However, this is dependent on the geographic, atmospheric,andotherenvironmentalfactors,aswellasthe transmitterandreceivercalibrations.

The IEEE 802.15.1 defined protocol is used by the HC 05 Bluetooth module to enable users to create wireless Personal Area Networks. For the purpose of transmitting data over the air, it uses radio technology known as frequency hopping spread spectrum (FSSH). To communicate with other devices, it uses serial communication.USARTisusedforcommunicationwiththe microcontroller.

Fig 2:PinDiagramforArduinoLilypadMicrocontroller

4.3 MAX30102 Sensor:

Aheart ratemonitormoduleanda pulse oximetrysensor arecombinedintheMAX30102.Tofacilitatetherejectionof ambient light, it has internal LEDs, optical components photodetectors,andlow noiseelectronics.Tosimplifythe design in process for wearable devices, the MAX30102 sensoroffersafullsystemsolution.Itrunsonasingle1.8V powersourceandtheinsideLEDsarepoweredbyaseparate 3.3Vpowersource.AcommonI2C compatibleinterfaceis usedforcommunication.Software basedmoduleshutdown requireszerostandbycurrent,allowingthepowerrailsto runcontinuously.

Fig 1:PinDiagramforHC05BluetoothModule

4.2 HC05 Bluetooth Module:

LilypadisamemberoftheArduinofamilyofboardsandwas createdspecificallyforwearableapplications.TheLilypad Arduinomicrocontrollerrunsonrechargeablebatteries.This makes it possible to connect sensors and actuators effectively for simple incorporation into clothing and materials.

Fig -3:PinDiagramofMAX30102Sensor

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Fig 4:BlockDiagramofthePrototype

Fig 5:ProjectCircuitDiagram

5 RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The following results were obtained by powering the prototype.TheparameterreadingsareintheorderofHeart Rate,OxygenLevel,andBodyTemperature.Thefollowing arereadingsobtainedontheserialmonitorinArduinoIDE. WhentheprototypeisintegratedwithLCDoutput,results canbeobtainedonthesame.

Fig -6:SerialMonitorOutput(Heart rate,OxygenLevel andTemperaturereadings)

When developed into a device that can be sewed into an individual’sclothesordevelopedintoawearablewatch,the deviceoutputsmoreaccuratevaluesthatcanbemonitored from time to time due to its close proximity with the individual’sbody. IntegrationoftheprojectwithMachine LearningAlgorithmopensupawiderangeofapplications fortheprototype,forbothprofessionalandpersonaluse.

The objectives of the project are thus achieved, with enormousscopefordevelopmentoftheprojectintoareal timeworkingmodelthatcanbeusedinthemedicalindustry toeasethemonitoringofthesevitalparametersbymedical professionals.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (Optional)

We would like to take this opportunity to thank the ElectronicsandInstrumentationDepartmentofDayananda Sagar College of Engineering for having provided us the opportunitytocarryoutthisproject.

WewouldliketoshowourgratitudetoDr.RajashekarJS (HOD,DepartmentofEIE,DSCE)fortheirconstantsupport throughout the course of the project and research for the manuscript.

WethankProfessorTSushma(Professor,Departmentof EIE, DSCE) for her for sharing their pearls of wisdom and guidancethroughouttheproject.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

We would also like to thank Dr. Krushnasamy Subramanian (Associate Professor, Department of EIE, DSCE) for coordinating the project and encouraging us to publishthepaper.

REFERENCES

[1] https://microcontrollerslab.com/hc 05 bluetooth module pinout examples arduino applications/

[2] https://nerdytechy.com/arduino lilypad pinout and guide/

[3] https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/f/nordic q a/62193/max30102 heart rate module connected to nrf52 dk

[4] http://repository.psa.edu.my/bitstream/123456789/2 144/1/HEARTBEAT%20AND%20TEMPERATURE%20S ENSOR%20MONITOR%20VIA%20MOBILE%20PHONE %20DJK5C%20SATIHYS.pdf

[5] https://www.scribd.com/document/451467243/Sensi ng Heart beat and Body Temperature Digitally docx

[6] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317117507 _Heartbeat_and_Temperature_Monitoring_System_for_R emote_Patients_using_Arduino

[7] https://research.caluniv.ac.in/publication/smart health monitoring system for temperature blood oxygen

[8] https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9493400

[9] https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742 6596/1447/1/012004

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