Energy Transition and Wind Energy

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Energy Transition and Wind Energy

Rishabh Upadhyay

Abstract Energy security and sustainable developmentare on the top of the global agenda due to the impact of volatile energy prices, high demand for energy security, and concerns about environmentalsustainabilityandglobalclimatechange. The new and renewable energy technologies address the challenge of achieving sustainable development while conserving the natural resourcesdepletedbyrapidpopulation growth, urbanization and fossil fuel consumption fuel. The expansion of wind power is increasingly based on the urgent need to combat global climate change. Most countries now recognize the need to significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in order to avoid environmental disasters

Wind energy not only provides an energy source that completely avoids the emission of carbon dioxide, the most important greenhouse gas, but also does not produce fossil fuels or other contaminants related to nuclear energy.

Key Words: Renewable Energy, Wind Energy, Energy Transition, Fossil Fuels

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Energy Transition

In general, energy transformation means a shift in energy sources that covers global energy demand. The current energyconversionfromfossilfuelstolowcarbonenergy is notthefirstenergyconversiontheworldisexperiencing.In fact,thisisthefourthmajor shifttoother energysources. The first (1830 1950) is the transition from traditional biofuels (mainly wood) to coal, the second (1950 1980) consistsofthedevelopmentandintroductionofrefinedoil products,andthethird.(1980 2020)wasaccompaniedby increaseddependenceonnaturalgas.[5][6]

Fig 1.1: Globalenergysources(%)andpreviousenergy transitions

While today's energy shifts are driven primarily with the helpofsustainabilitymotives, previousenergyshiftswere primarily the result of a quest for economic prosperity, whichinturnisforaccesstoandconsumptionofelectricity. It is closely related. To demonstrate this last point, the averagepercapitaenergyintake inOECDcountriesis183 GJ,whiletheaverageinnon OECDcountries is54gigajoules. [7]Economicprosperity,especiallyfordevelopingcountries, is as important as the desire for decarbonization when it comes to electricity migration. And this is an important factor.Over800millionpeople(mainlysub SaharanAfrica) stilllivewithoutelectricity, andthousands,haveaccessto very limited or unreliable power supplies. [8] Therefore, increased energy supply and electricity rights are good aspects. However, this must be addressed in parallel with emissionreductions.

Overthelastdecade,renewableenergysystemshaveseen the largest growth of over 30% per year, as well as the growth of coal and sub coal power systems due to the depletionofnaturalresourcesandtheconsequentincreased levels of fossil fuel and nuclear pollution. Shows the rate. Power usage [2]. Increasing energy demand can cause problemsfordistributors,suchasgridinstabilityandpower outages[3].Theimportanceofproducingmoreenergyand the interest in friction free techniques have led to an increaseinthedevelopmentofrenewableenergystructures. European momentum began in March 2007, when EU leaders adopted a binding target of 20% of energy productionfromrenewableenergysourcesby2020.Indiais

Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Studies in Engineering and Technology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur(C.G.)

***

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

alsopreparingforachangewithaHerculestargetof450GW by2030.Thisleadstotheconceptofenergyconversion.

1.1.1 What is Energy Transition?

Energyconversionisamorecomprehensive,sustainableand affordablesecuritythatprovidessolutionstoglobalenergy relatedchallengeswhileprovidingeconomicandsocialvalue withoutcompromisingthebalanceoftheenergytriangle.It canbedefinedas"atimelytransitiontoanenergysystem."

Inotherwords,despitethefactthatstate of the artenergy conversion is particularly hampered by environmental sustainability concerns it will only succeed if it provides energysecurityandaccessatthesametimeandcontributes totherecoveryanddevelopmentoftheeconomy.[1]

hasthestrongestinfluenceonthetemperaturerise.Italso showsthatisanartificialgreenhousegas.[23]

At this point, the focus is only on electricity related CO2 emissions,asgreenhousegasesintheelectricitytransition debatearenotjustCO2,butcauseabout two thirdsofthe world'sgreenhousegasemissions.Itshouldbepointedout that.[24]Otherenergy relatedemissionsaremethane(6% ofCH4 averageGHGemissions)emittedprimarilybynatural volatileoilleaksandflaring,andsomenitrogenoxides(N2O averageGHG).1%of emissions).Thefinalnon energyGHG emissionsareprimarilyfromagriculture.

1.2 Wind Energy

Wind is a free, abundant and sustainable energy that occupiesthelargestshareofrenewableenergyareas[10], [11].Theelectricitygeneratedusingwindpoweriscleanand environmentallyfriendly,astheflowersofwind energy no longeremit airpollutants.Oncetheturbinesarebuilt,their operating costs will be nearly zero [12]. Wind turbines convertthekineticelectricity(motion)ofthewindintothe mechanical energy used to generate the electricity. It is suppliedbythegenerator,convertedtoelectricityasecond time,andthensuppliedtothegridfortransmissiontothe powerplant.Windpowerhasmanyadvantages,including reduced greenhouse gas emissions by using a mill that produceselectricityandstarchwhendrivenbythewind,and can reduce electricity costs. All turbines need wind as needed.It'sjustnaturalair,andairiseverywhere.

Fig 1.1.1.1: EnergyTransition[1]

1.1.2 Need of Energy Transition

Thetransitionofappliancestolowcarbonenergyisbeing driven by the need to address meteorological trade. The science that contributes to the need for decarbonization beginswiththeIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange (IPCC), theUNframeworkforassessingtechnicalexpertise relatedtometeorologicalchange.Aspecialfilefor2018 [9] suggests that human activity is likely to be the cause of globalwarmingofabout1°Cabovepre commerciallevels, globalwarmingbetween2030and2052.Islikelytoreach 1.5°C.Currentinterestappliestomaintenance.

Simplyput,globalwarmingpresupposesthat"moreenergy is emitted from this planet than is reflected by the environment."[21] Thisamountofretainedenergy,along withgreenhousegases(GHG),aerosols(eachartificial,that is,ofhumaninterest,natural,thatofvolcaniceruptions),etc., isafactorofclimaticfactors.Motivatedbyexpansion.[22] The least simple model means that there is a strong correlationbetweenthedetectedtemperatureriseandthe extendedregionofsuchradiativeforcing,butthefactorthat

Fig 1.2.1: Schematicofawindturbine

The first wind power was produced by a machine manufacturedbyCharlesF.BrushinCleveland,Ohioin1888. The rated output was 12kW (DC). DC power generation continued in the form of a small, self contained (off the grid)systemuntilthe1930s,whenthefirstlarge ACturbine

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

in the United States was built. Modern wind turbine generators are sophisticated machines that can generate megawatts of power, taking full advantage of the latest technologiesguidedbyimprovementsinaerodynamicand structural design, material technology, machinery, power, and control engineering. .. Large wind farms and wind turbines have become commonplace in many countries aroundtheworld.Infact,the windcapacityconnectedtothe gridisexperiencingthefastestgrowthrate ofanyformof electricitygeneration.

Windenergyhasthelargestshareinthefieldofrenewable energy [18],[19].Overthelasttwodecades,grid connected wind capacity has more than doubled, and wind turbine powercostshavefallentoone sixthofthe early1980s.[19]

AsstatedbytheGWEC(GlobalWindEnergyAssociation)[4], by the end of 2011, the cumulative wind energy installed worldwidewas237.7GW.In2011, windincreasedbyabout 6% compared to 2010, with 40.6 GW of wind energy deliveredonline.

2.2 Wind Energy in India

Fig 2.2.2: Basicpowerconversionprincipleinawind powersystem

Therequiredcharacteristicsassociatedwithawind energyconversionsystemare:

•Availablewindenergy

•Typeofwindturbineused

•Typeof generatorandpowerelectronicsusedto connecttothegrid.

Basedontheaerodynamicprinciplesused,windturbinesare divided into drag based turbines and lift based turbines. Basedontheirmechanicalstructure,theyareclassifiedinto horizontal andverticalaxiswindturbines.Withregardto rotor rotation, wind turbines are divided into fixed speed turbinesandvariablespeedturbines.Currentlythefocusis on horizontal axis, variable speed, lift based wind turbines[19],[20].

2.1 Energy Transition in Wind Energy

Windpowerisachoicethatworksinharmonywithnature topromotesocialprogressbyrejectingthedarkoutlookofa worldthathasrunoutofoilandfuel[13].Windenergyhas beenusedformanyyears,butinfactithasproducedalarge amount of commercial electricity in the last decade. The unusualandunpredictablenatureof windstrengthlimitsits contributioneverywhere,exceptwhenlargepowergarages or intercontinental transmission are available. Environmentalrestrictions,includingthepresenceofforests and guard areas, also limit the location of wind turbines, whichmaypromotepublicpopularity[14].

India has abundant renewable energy sources that can significantlycontributetoincreasingenergydemand.This studyreviewsthepatternoftheIndianwindenergyboom that began in the 1980s. The era of wind energy is now making a significant contribution to the era of electricity energy in India. However, China has recently surpassed Indiaintermsofinstalledwindpowercapacitytobecome thefourthlargestinternationally.Therefore,ifIndianeedsto formanincreaserateforinternationalwindpowerzones, key regulatory and coverage issues need to be urgently addressed.Thepenetrationofwindpowerisnotlimitedby the technical problems of wind energy technology, but by regulatory, institutional and market barriers. It is well knownthattheexistenceofsuchnon economicbarriershas a significantnegativeimpactontheeffectivenessof wind energydevelopmentpolicies,regardlessoftheformofthe incentivesystem.

Fig 2.2.1: Projectedvaluesofcapacityadditionofwind projectsinthesixIndianstates[17]

3. CONCLUSION

Despitefuturechallenges,thereportshowsthattheworld canreachitsclimategoalsinParisby2050withthehelpof technology.Mitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechangemeans reducingfloods,storms,droughtsandotherextremescaused by rising temperatures. Air pollution kills about 7 million people each year. Fossil fuels contribute to air pollution, whichkillsabout7millionpeopleannually.Themajorityof victims are women and low income countries. A future poweredbywindenergyhasthepotentialtoreduceenergy costs.Productioncosts arefallingandwindisexpectedto become a major source of energy in the future. Working together, the world can accelerate the transition to sustainableenergyandasustainablefuture.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Iwouldliketothankmyfatherwhoprovidedmewiththe necessaryknowledgeandguidancetowritethispaper.

REFERENCES

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[9] IPCC, 2018: Summary for Policymakers. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impactsofglobalwarmingof1.5°Cabovepre industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development,andeffortstoeradicatepoverty[Masson Delmotte,V.,P.Zhai,H. O.Pörtner,D.Roberts,J.Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T.

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[12] DeepakKumarChy.andMd.Khaliluzzaman(2018)“The Significance of Power Electronics Components on SustainableEnergySources”,9thICCCNT2018July10 12,2018,IISC,Bengaluru,India,IEEE 43488

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[17] IshanPurohit1andPallavPurohit2,a1TheEnergyand Resources Institute (TERI), IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India 2 International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A 2361 Laxenburg, Austria (Received 9 October 2008; accepted15May2009;publishedonline8July2009)

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/12/how do we measure greenhousegases.

[24] CAIT Climate Data Explorer, Historical Emissions [Country GHG Emissions dataset], http://cait.wri.org/historic

BIOGRAPHY

A pre final year student of Electronics and Communication Engineering from Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya,Bilaspur.

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