Design And Analysis Of Connecting And Clamping Link Of Kismis (Raisins) Sorting Machine

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

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Design And Analysis Of Connecting And Clamping Link Of Kismis (Raisins) Sorting Machine

1,2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engineering, Nagpur 440019 Maharashtra, India

Abstract Raisin’s production is one of the leading agriculture industry but due to poor quality of raisins prices goes down and also it hamper the Indian raisins quality in global market. Poor quality of raisins due to the mixing of lower grade into higher grade, some impurities, moisture control not proper and its due to not properly sorting grades of raisins. The ability to sort raisins automatically is more efficient compared to the manual inspection which is slow, labour intensive, tedious and error prone. For that automatic, manual & S/W controlled raisins sorting machines available in market. In most of the cases sorting of right size of raisins has problem due to issues like wrong springs or over & not proper vibration due to wrong selection of vibration motor. One of the reason is linkages also. Lots of research’s have already been done to address issues & improve performance. And most the vibratory feeder research papers had addressed the performance issues with help of computer vision approach. In this paper, will check vibration calculations and check also selection of vibration motor.

1.INTRODUCTION

Raisinsneedprocessinglikecleaning,removalofdebrisand gradingintovarioussizes.Gradingofraisinsinvolvessorting raisins by size. Conventionally, this is done manually by womenwhoworkedforminimumwages.Thegradinghas beendonebythembasedonvisualinspectionandwhichis laborintensive,tediousanderrorprone.Nowaday’smanual toautomaticsorting machinesdevelopedforthispurpose calledraisingradingmachineandinmostofthedeveloped machine’ssortinghappenbyvibratingthesieves.Vibrating sievesarecommoninfoodindustriessortingequipmentbut mostcriticalpartinthatisvibratingmotorandgoodquality ofsievesaspergradesizesforraisinsits9mm,7mm&5mm wiremeshes.Combinationoffeedingandsortingofraisins machine consists of three motors, feeder, three sieves, blower,andbeltandpulleymechanism.Inthismachinefirst raisins are fed through a feeder, which has a rotor with a rubberpad.Amotordrivesthemechanism.Therubberpad hammerstheraisinstoremovethetwigsofraisins.These raisinsarethenpassedthroughtheblower,whichblowsthe dustandtwigsandcleanstheraisinswiththehelpofahigh pressureairflow.Theraisinsarefurthergradedaccordingto

size with the help of vibratory sieves with different wire meshing(9mm,7mmand5mm).Motiontovibratorysieve isgiventhrougha pulley beltdrive.Theraisinsseparated and graded over each sieve are collected in a different chamber. So in existing machine vibration in sieve not properits reducesthe efficiencyofmachinei.e.ithasless massflowrateofraisinasexpectedfromenduser.

1.1 Construction

Istudiedvarioussortingmachinesavailableinmarket,also studiedmachinesavailablefromglobalmanufacturermainly China manufactured machines have cheaper due to local manufactureuseofvibratormotor.Sortingmachinewhich mainlycontainsieveswithvibrationmotor.

Key Words: Raisin sorting, Grading of raisin, production & quality of raisin vibration system motor

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Combination of feeding and sorting of raisins machine consists of three motors, feeder, three sieves, blower, and beltandpulleymechanism.Figure 1showsthetypicallayout orconstructionofsortingplatformofexistingusedmachine. A2HPmotordrivesthevibratingsieve.Motiontovibratory sieve is given by connecting rod which is eccentrically connected to the motor shaft. Vibrating motion of sieve is guided by the connecting rod which is hinged to the foundation

2. Calculations

2.1 Calculation for Transport Velocity of Raisin over the Vibrating Sieve:

MassFlowraterequired=3to3.5tonnesperhour

Densityofraisin =1200kg/m³

Lengthofvibratingsieve=2.9m

Widthofvibratingsieve =0.6m

Nowforsizertheraisinbysize,eachofraisinsshould comeincontactwithvibratingsieve.

Therefore,Averagethicknessofraisinlayeroversieve(t) =averagethicknessofsingleraisin=0.005m Where, m=ρ×Q

m=massflowrateofraisinoverthevibratingsieveinkg/s Q=dischargeofraisinfromthevibratingsieveinm³/s ρ=densityofraisininkg/m³

K2=factortoconsidertheeffectofdepthofbedofbulk K3=factortotakeintoaccounttheamountoffinesinthe bulkmaterial

K4=factortoconsidereffectofslopeofthetroughonthe averageflowvelocity η =efficiencyoftransport β=throwangleindegrees

Selection of

β , η , K1 , K2 , K3,

and K4

Theusualrangeofthrowangleβ,adopted forvibratoryconveyoris200to550Forthis system,β=250isassumed

Figure2showsgraphofefficiencyoftransportagainst µtanβ

Q=A×V Where,

Q=dischargeofraisinfromthevibratingsieveinm³/s

A=cross sectionalareaofraisinlayeronsieveinm²

V=transportvelocityofraisinoverthevibratingsievein m/s

8.1×10 4=0.6×0.005×V

V=0.27m/s

2.2 Calculation for Amplitude of Vibration

Averagetransportvelocityofsolidalongthetroughis givenby

V=η×(2Пn/60)×A×cosβ×K1×K2×K3×K4…eqn.(1) Where,

V=averagetransportvelocityofsolidalongtroughin m/s

n=speedofmotorinrpm

A=amplitudeofvibrationinmm

K1=materialfactor

Fig – 2: GraphofEfficiencyofTransportagainstµtanβ

Forthissystem, β=250andµ=Co efficientoffrictionbetweenraisinand sieve=0.1(assumed) µtanβ=0.05

Formostofconveyor’svalueofthrowfactor(Kv)lies between1.5to3FromFigure2, η=0.85 K1isthematerialfactorwhichistobedeterminedby experimentationandmayvaryfrom0.85to1.1. Forthissystem,assumeK1=0.85(assumed)

Figure3showsgraphofK2againstbeddepth.K2isthefactor to consider the effect of depth of bed of bulk material on trough.Thevalueofthisfactorvariesfromunityforsmall depthto0.7for300mmdepthofbed.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

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Figure 5 shows graph of K4 against slope angle. K4 is the factor to consider the effect of slope of the trough on the average flow velocity. The value is unity for horizontal conveying for upward conveying slope of about 100, the value of K4 is 0.6. The value decreases rapidly for steeper slope.

Fig 3: GraphofK2againstBedDepth

Forthissystem,beddepthis5mmandthereforefrom graphvalueofk2=0.95

Figure4showsgraphofK3againstpercentminus50mesh. K3 is the factor to take into account the amount of fines particlesinthebulk material.Ifthebulk material contains 20%offineparticleslessthan0.3mm(50mesh),thefactoris 0.85.Ifthebulkcontains60%fineparticleslessthan0.3mm, thefactoris0.4.

Fig 5: GraphofK4againstSlopeAngle

Forthissystem,sieveishorizontalandhence, K4=1, Now,forsystemofvibratingsieve, K1=0.85,K2=0.95,K3=1,K4=1,=0.85,n=1440, β=25ºSubstitutingallthesevaluesineqn.(1), 0.27=0.85×(2П×1440/60)×A×cos25×0.85×0.95×1×1 A=2.9mm

2.3 Calculation for Unbalance Force

Responseofarotatingunbalancesystemisgivenby, Where,

A =amplitudeofvibrationinmeter =unbalancemassinKg

e =eccentricityofunbalancemassinmeter M =massoftotalsysteminKg

Fig 4: GraphofK3againstPercentMinus50Mesh

Forthissystemparticlesareraisinswiththicknessgreater than0.3mmhencevalueofk3is1.

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Figure6showsFrequencyResponseofsystemsubjectedto centrifugal force type excitation. In this figure it has been shown that magnification factor becomes unity when frequencyratioisgreaterthan4

Fig 6: FrequencyResponseofSystemSubjectedto Centrifugal

ForceTypeExcitation

Figure 7 shows phase response of system subjected to centrifugalForcetypeexcitation.Foroursystemfrequency ratio is greater than 4 so phase angle should be greater than120°

Where, A =amplitudeofvibrationinmeter mo=unbalancemassinKg e =eccentricityofunbalancemassinmeter M=massoftotalsysteminKg mo.e=A.M …..eqn.(2)

M Massoftotalsystemisgivenby, M=MassofVibratingsieve+massofraisinsonsieve M=174+ρ.V

Where, ρ=densityofraisininkg/m3 V=totalvolumeofraisinovervibratingsieveinm3 Now,M=174+1200×2.9×0.6×0.005=183Kg Substitutingthisvalueineqn.(2), =2.9×10 3×183 =0.531Kg m Unbalanceforcerequired =0.531×(2.π.1440/60)2

=12076N

3. Selection of Vibration Motor

Inthisraisingradingmachinewhenraisinanddebriscomes out from feeder it spreads all over width of sieve. So it is required to give only forward motion to them. For that purposesieveshouldvibratealongitslengthandmovement alongitswidthiscompletelyrestricted.Torestrictmovement ofsievealongitswidth,twomotorsshouldbeselectedwhich will rotate in opposite direction in order to balance horizontalcomponentofunbalanceforce.Hence,raisinswill getonlyforwardmovementonsievealongthelengthofsieve Totalmassmomentrequired=0.531Kg-m

Forsinglemotormassmomentrequired=0.265Kg-m For 0.265 Kg-m moment following motor is selected from Wuergescatalogueofvibratorymotors

Fig 7: PhaseResponseofSystemSubjectedtoCentrifugal ForceTypeExcitation

Here,N=1440rpmsothisishighspeedmachine Forhigh speedmachine,

Model =H V12/4 301.5 Synchronousspeed =1440 Centrifugalforce =6822 Workingmoment =0.3kg m Nominalcurrent =1.43to0.83A Power =746W Mass =18.8Kg

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

4. Position of Motors:

Motorsaremountedsuchthattheresultantunbalanceforce willactatthecenterofsieve.Forthismachinemotorsare mountedat bottom ofsieveata distance of600mm from backside of sieve. The motors are mounted such that the maximumunbalanceforceactsonthesieveat250.Forthat purposefoundationofmotorisweldedtosieveatanangleof 650 .

Comparison after changing vibration method by adding propervibratormotoranditsposition

Parameter Before modification After modification

Mass flow rate of raisin 1.75tonnes/hour 3.2tonnes/hour

5. CONCLUSIONS

Inthiswaymodifiedraisinsortingmachineiseffectiveby selecting the proper vibrator motor and selecting proper unbalanceweight.Onemoreadvantageobservedthatdueto thismodificationunskilledworkercanoperatethemachine easily.Thismachinecanbeusedforotherproductsalsolike cashewnuts,groundnuts&somebeansbutbychangingthe sieves.Fromaboveallobservations&improvedmassflow rate of raisin it proves that instead of old eccentrically connectedpullyandbeltarrangement,vibratorymechanism iseffective.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (Optional)

Theauthorscanacknowledgeanyperson/authoritiesinthis section.Thisisnotmandatory.

REFERENCES

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[3] Rao, A. V. R., Prakash, C. H. B., and Raju, G. H. T, “Selection of vibratory motors for vibrating feeder by analyticalapproachformaterialhandlingplants”

[4] Narendra V.G, “Quality Inspection and Grading of AgriculturalandFoodProductsbyComputerVision A Review”,ISSN:0975 8887,Vol2,Issue1,2010,pp.43 78.

[5] GeorgeM,“MultipleFruitandVegetableSortingSystem UsingMachineVision”,ISSN:0976 4860,Vol6,Issue1, 2015,pp.1 4

[6] V.P.Singh, “Mechanical Vibration”, Dhanpat Rai Co.pvt ltd.,ISBN13:5551234002564,Vol1,2016,pp.200 240.

[7] Ref:http://www.wuerges.de/

[8] Ref:https://elteco.dk/wp content/uploads/2014/08/W%C3%BCrges katalog.pdf

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