Solar energy based blockchain enabled health care monitoring using IoT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Solar energy based blockchain enabled health care monitoring using IoT

1 3 Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Institute of technology, Nirma University, Gujarat, India ***

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) tends to transform our lives and make it more comfortable is an auspicious technology in which the heterogeneous devices having embedded sensors are connected to a single platform and these devices can then interact witheach other.Asthedemand for IoT is increasing there is a need to connect enormous number of smart devices with each other. One of the major applications of IoT is smart health care. It involves numerous health sensors which collect dataandtransferittoclouds.This requires huge amount of data to be transferred between devices, large connectivity, high security,andprivacy.Another thing is all these sensing devices havelimitedlifetime.So,there is a need to provide constant power supply to all the IoT devices. Also, the demand for energy has increased exponentially and to satisfy our wants non renewable resources are being sacrificed. Thesenumberofchallenges are needed to be considered to complete our vision of global connectivity using IoT. So, to overcome all these challengeswe have proposed a method in which solar energy is used to provide power supply to the sensors and for ensuring security of data blockchain can be used. In this paper we are measuring the body temperature using DHT11 sensor and heart rate using Pulse meter sensor. Then we have interfaced the NodeMCU and sensors with the IoT platform. In our case we have used the Thingspeak as our IoT platform. The data of each sensor has been uploaded on the field ofourchannelwith every time stamp. So that user as well as doctor can see the condition of the patient. For ensuring securityofdata,wehave proposed one block diagram which shows how blockchaincan be used for storing data. Also, the power supply is given to NodeMCU through energy generated by solar panel.

1. INTRODUCTION

Rural health is the main issue in India, especially in developingcountrieswherethereisabroadurbandisparity intheprovisionofmedicalcare,wheretherearemorethan halfa percentageofthepopulationinrural areas.Inrural areas, the infrastructure is inadequate and inadequate. In these areas. In these areas. Furthermore, diagnostic equipmentissetupandmaintainedcostlyanddemanding. Most people die of preventable diseases such as diarrhea, whicharecurable,thetyphoidandmeasles.Thenumberof people without essential access is about 1.7 billion in medicines.Intheruralhealthsector,themajorproblemsare low wages, lack of education and restricted access to

servicesbyvillagepeople.Severalotherinnovationstomap thevital signsofthehuman body werecreatedin the last decade.Vitalsignsarethebody'smostcalculatedfunctions of profound significance. The four key indicators that medical practitioners and health professionals regularly track are body temperature, pulsation, respiration, rate, Bloodpressure,saturationlevelofbloodoxygen.

Withtheincreaseintechnologicaladvancementsintoday’s era healthcare has also seen a rapid transformation from traditionalhospitalstodistributedpatientcentricapproach. ThisbecamepossibleduetoemergingtechnologieslikeIoT, communicationtechnologiesandblockchainetc.IoTisthe connectionofdevicestoasingleplatformi.e.,internet.IoT has made human’s life easier and comfortable. IoT has in recent decades gained so much attention due to its widespreadapplications.SomeoftheapplicationswhereIoT finditsusearesmarthealthcare,smartcity,smartindustry etc.Healthcareisoneofthemostfundamentalneedsofany humanbeing.So,thereisaconstantfocusbyeverycountry onprovidingthebesthealthcarefacilitiestoeverycitizen. Due to this smart healthcare is gaining more attention because with the help of IoT treatment can be given to patienteverytime,anytimeandanywhere.Inonestudyit wassaidthat27%ofthetotaldeathshappeninIndiawith nomedicalattentionatthetimeofdeath.Accordingtothe LancetMedicaljournal3.6milliondeathstookplaceallover theworldduetolackofhealthcareaccess.Therearevillages wherepeoplestilldon’thaveaccesstohealthcarefacilities. Peoplemustrushtocitiesfortheirtreatmentandgoingfor checkuptoacityevery3 4monthsincurshugecost.Inthis technological worldthere aresituations wherepeople die becauseforgettingtreatmentfromamedicalspecialist,they musttravellongdistances.Buttheemergingtechnologylike IoThavehelpedinovercomingthislimitation.Forexample, ifapersonlivesinavillageandheissufferingfromdiabetes then he doesn’t need to travel to city every time for his check up. Sensor can be used to measure patient’s sugar levelandthisdatacanbetransmittedtocloudwheredoctor canhaveaccesstothis data.Andifincaseanyemergency arisesthepatientcanbealerted,andpreventivemeasures canbetaken.Nowtheproblemisthepatient’sdataishighly sensitiveandthesensorsusedhavelimitedbatterylifespan. So, to overcome these challenges in this paper we have proposed a method in which blockchain technology and solarenergycanbeused.Incaseofblockchaintechnology cryptographicfunctionisusedtoensurethesecurityofdata. Personconnectedtoblockchainnetworkcanonlyaccessthe

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

data.Inthiswaysecurityofpatient’sdatacanbe ensured. Anotheroneofthechallengesistoincreasethelifetimeof IoT devices. Let us consider a case like if a person is travellingtosomeplaceandifthebatteryofIoTdevicesget over then the data will not be able to transmit to hospital server.Andduetosomereason,he/shefacesanyemergency thenitcanleadtodeathofpatient.Forthissolarenergycan beemployedtogeneratepowertochargetheIoT devices. Solarenergyisarenewablesourceofenergywhichcanhelp in increasing the lifetime of the IoT devices or wireless sensornodes.Thesolarenergyproductionissuitableforthe areas where there is a hot region, and a lot of research is beingdoneinthisareatomakesemiconductortechnology usingthisidea.So,forthisresearchprojectthefocusison generating power supply using solar energy and charging theIoTdevices.Also, thismethodisfeasibleenoughto be deployedforpracticalpurpose.Thedatawastransferredto cloud platform for monitoring purpose. But for the same blockchaintechnologycanbeusedforavoidinganyexternal maliciousattack.

Thefirstsectioninthispapergivesageneralideaaboutthe importanceofInternetofmedicalthingandthendiscusses aboutthechallengesrelatedtoit.Thesecondsectionbriefs abouttheworkdonebyresearchersinthisfield.Inthethird sectiontheresearchobjectivesofthepaperarediscussed. The IV section gives the basic introduction of the technologiesemployedinourpaper.Inthefurthersection theproposeddiagramandthehardwareimplementationis shown.Thepaperisthenconcludedinthelastsection.

2. Related Work

The increasing deaths due to lack of access of healthcare facilitieshasledresearcherstofocusonthechallengesand comingupwiththebestsolution. Numerousarchitectures have been proposed in the different research papers to ensuresecurityofpatient’sdataandmakeitmorereliable.

Theauthorin[1]haveproposedasensornodearchitecture in which different body parameters are measured using medical sensors. The architecture consists of transceiver, processingunitandantennaformonitoringpatient’shealth. The data is then transferred to gateway devices and from there to doctor for monitoring purpose. In case any emergency arises then patient can be alerted. The disadvantage of this architecture is the battery charge optimizationandlifetimeextensionofthewearabledevice. SecurityissuesasdataistransmittedusingIPaddress.In[2] theauthorhasproposed an architecture in which content centricnetworkhasbeenutilized.Patientmustsendrequest to doctor which when accepted help connect server of patient and doctor. It uses digital signature for data transmission.Inthismethodifthedoctorisnotpresentin onehospital,thentherequestissenttoanotherhospitaland thelifeofthepatientcanbesaved.Buttheproblemwiththis method is it is not suitable for denser network and for

mobilehealthcare.Also,thereisnodiscussionaboutbattery lifetimeinthepaper.

Anotherpaperinwhichamethodisproposedforproviding mobilehealthservices[3].Ifapatientlivinginvillagesuffers fromaheartattackandheneedtobetakentoacity,thenit willtakealotoftime.Inthatcasemobileambulancecanbe used.Theambulanceconsistsofultrasoundmachine,other medicalequipment’s Thepatient’sdatacanbetransmitted todoctor,andhecanguidethemedicalstaffaccompanying thepatient. Intheproposed methodsmallcellshavebeen employed to reduce the cost of installing macro cell base stations. The limitation of this method is that every data needstobetransmittedtocloudandsecurityofdataisless.

TshiamoSigweleetal.in[4]haveproposedanarchitecture inwhichmobileedgecomputinghavebeenemployed.Inthis methodmobilephoneisusedasagateway.Thereisnoneed of transmitting all the data to the clouds. The data from sensorsissenttosmartphoneandonlythecriticaldatais senttoclouds.Thewearabledevicesareconnectedtosmart phone with the help of Bluetooth. The smart phone healthcaregatewayshavedisadvantagethattheycanhardly cope due to limitations in terms of battery life, storage, processingpoweranddisplaysize.Alargeamountofbattery willbedrainedwhichisamajorconcern.

Theauthorin[5]haveproposedamethodinwhichsmart carshavebeenused.Ifapersonistravelinginacarandhe facesanyemergency,thenthesmartcarwillautomatically worktofindoutthenearesthospital.Thismethodisnotcost effective.

In [6] cloudlet based mobile healthcare system has been proposed.Intheproposedmodelthepatientcommunicates with the nearest cloudlet instead of communicating with maincloudlet.Thenallthecloudletswillcommunicatewith eachothertoproviderequestedservicestotheusers.Ifthe nearestcloudletcanexecutethetask,thenitwillexecuteit, otherwisethetaskissenttoanothernearestcloudlet. The completedtaskisthensentbacktomobileuser.Sodifferent cloudletscanbemadefordifferentdepartmentsinhospitals. The challenges associated with this method is energy efficiency,latency,reliability,andsecurityofpatient’sdata.If thebatterygetsdepleted,thenmonitoringwillgetpaused anditcanonlyresumewhenthebatteryisreplaced.There are many different cloudlets which can lead to multiple securityvulnerabilities.

Theauthorin[7]haveproposedcloudcomputingforsmart healthcare. Themainpurposeofusingcloudcomputing is accessingdataanywhereandatanytime.Thedatacollected usingsensorsfrompatientisstoredinatablecalledpatient health record. The PHR is centralized in the cloud infrastructure. But the problem with this method again is securityandprivacyofdata.Aframeworkisneededtosee thereisnoexternalmaliciousattack.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Inthispapersolarenergybasedblockchainenabledhealth care monitoring method has been proposed. The state of the arttechnologieslikeIoT,blockchainandoneofthebest alternating green technologies i.e. solar energy has been usedtoovercomethechallengesstudiedintherelatedwork. Medical staff can be informed in case any emergency problemarises.Also,theproposedsystemiscosteffective andcanbeimplementedinrealtime.

3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

This research deals with designing a system by amalgamatingvariousemergingandgreentechnologieslike IoT, Blockchain and solar energy. This study attempts to achievethefollowingobjectives:

To provide more efficient, reliable, and best healthcaremonitoringsystemtoeverypersonliving inremoteareasandsavingthecostoftreatment.

To interface different medical sensors like temperature sensor, pulse meter sensor etc with micro controller and transmit the data to cloud server.

To secure the confidential data collected by IoT devicesbyusingBlockchaintechnologyinsteadof cloudplatform.

To increase the lifetime of IoT devices by using renewable source of energy i.e., solar energy for generatingpowersupply.

To alert patient and doctor in case any medical emergencytakesplace.

4. PERIMILINARIES

Inthissection,wewillgothroughalotofbasicconceptsthat areinvolvedinoursystemdesign.ThetechniqueslikeIoT, SolarEnergyandBlockchainarethemainbuildingblockof oursystemdesign.First,wewillunderstandaboutthesetwo technologiesandthenwewillimplementthesetechnologies inoursystemdesign.

4.1 Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is essentially a web based objectnetworkwhocangatherandshareinformationhas beencreatedfromthecontactbetweenthemachine(M2M), i.e.,therelationofmachines.Ahuman independentnetwork. M2M refers to the cloud connection of a computer, Data collectionandcontrol.Devicescanbedigitallyviewedfrom anywheretobemanaged.Theconnectivityensuresthatwe collect more data from more sites, ensure greater productivity and improve IoT security and safety. The creationandintegrationofdata,proceduresandstuffonthe Internetwillmakesuchconnectionsmoremeaningfuland

significant and provide more opportunities for people, enterprises, and industry. The IoT platforms also help organizations which reduce costs by enhancing process effectiveness, asset use and productivity. In our system designwearebasicallyusingIoTsothatwecantransferour patientdatafromoneplacetoanotheroverinternet.

4.2 Solar energy

Solarenergyisatypeofrenewablesourceofenergy,anditis using in a various field. Its technologies are commonly recognized as passive solar energy or active solar energy dependingonhowtheyabsorb,transmit,ortransformsolar powerintosolarenergy.Solartechnologyinvolvestheuseof photovoltaicdevices,solarenergy,andsolarwaterheating to harvest energy. Solar approaches include a building orientatedtotheSun,materialschosenthathavedesirable thermal weight or light distribution properties and air circulation space architecture. There are various types of solarcelllikePolycrystalline,Monocrystallineandthinfilm. Thechoiceofsolarcelliscompletelydependingontheprice. Wemustmakeatrade offbetweenthepriceandefficiency. Mono crystalline cells are good in efficiency, but they are costlyaswell.

4.3 Blockchain Technology

Blockchainisconsideredasahighlysecuresystem.Thedata securityisthebiggestconcernofoursystemdesign.Cloudis less secure as compared to the Blockchain. The digital signature and encryption are the biggest advantage of blockchain technology.There is a complete regulation of fraudhere.Adevicebuiltintodatastoredinmanylocations is not so easy to access hackers, and if so, it can easily retrieve any piece of information. Blockchain system is completelydecentralizedthereisnohigherauthority.So,we canforgetaboutthefeesbecauseintermediariesdon’thave topay.

Ablockchainisadiaryortabletwithtransactiondetails.A hash is generated for each transaction which is a number andcharacterstring.Intheorderinwhichtransactionstook place,theyareentered,andtheorderishighlysignificant. Thehashnotonlyreliesonthetransactionbutalsoonthe hashofthepriortransaction.Evenaminortransactionshift producesawholenewhash.Thenodessearchtoensurethat atransactionisnotmodifiedthroughthehashinspection.If most of the nodes accept a transaction, the transaction is entered in a block. Each block is the previous block and makes the Blockchain together. A Blockchain is effective becauseithasacopyoftheBlockchainonmanycomputers callednodes.

5. PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system is a smart healthcare monitoring systemforprovidingbestmedicalfacilitiestoeveryperson,

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

anytimeandanywhere.Inourproposedsystemvariousstate ofthearttechnologieshavebeencombinedinordertocope up with the need of increasing health related problems. Therearenumerousresearchworkgoingoninthisfieldand variousarchitectureshavebeenproposedearlier.

Inthisprojectamoreefficientandeffectivesmallprototype ofsmarthealthcaremonitoringisproposedbasedoneasy to use micro controller with solar energy based power supply. This research focuses on developing optimized solution and modules hooked up with array of sensors to manage,monitor,displayandalertthepatientandmedical staff as and when required using the advantage of cloud servicetoutilizethestate of the artsensingandrenewable source of energy. The proposed system utilizes different medicalsensorslikepulsemeter,temperaturesensor,ECG etctomeasurethevariousbodyparameterslikesugarlevel, bodytemperature,oxygenlevelandupdatethosemeasured valuesinaclouddatabaseinrealtime.HenceIoTallowsthe monitoringofdatafromanywhere,anytimeandeverytime. Allthemedicalsensorsareconnectedtoamicrocontroller and the sensed data from micro controller goes to cloud platform. Micro controller is charged using power supply generatedfromsolarenergytoincreasethelifetimeofthe IoT devices. Solar energy is an important source of renewableenergyandanalternativegreentechnology.Solar technologyinvolvestheuseofphotovoltaicdevices,solar energy, and solar water heating to harvest energy. Solar approaches include a building orientated to the Sun, materialschosenthathavedesirablethermalweightorlight distribution properties and air circulation space architecture.Inthiswaythelifetimeofoursensordevices canbeincreased.Inthisresearchworkdatafromsensorsis transferredtocloudplatformi.e.,Thingspeak.Butthedata from clouds can be easily accessed by a non authorized person. So, to prevent any external malicious attack and ensuresecurityofconfidentialdataBlockchaintechnologyis employed.Thistechnologyusescryptographicalgorithmfor ensuringsecurityofdata.Inthiswaydatacanbeaccesses only by people who are connected to this blockchain network.Ifanypersonwantstoaccessthedata,thenusing smartcontractitisseenwhetherthepersonisauthorizedto access the data. In case any emergency arises then the patientanddoctorcanbenotifiedthroughanapplicationor message service. The proposed research work is implemented on hardware and data is sent to cloud platform.

Fig 1:Proposedblockdiagramforhealthcaremonitoring system

6. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

6.1 NodeMCU

NodeMCUisanESP8266 based,opensourceIoT platform ChipWi Fi.ThefirmwareusesLuascriptinglanguage.The ESP8266 isa low costwirelesschipproduced byEspress. ThedesignkitincludesallGPIO,PWM,IIC,1 WireandADC Board. There are 1 analog (A0) and 9 digital pins in the NodeMCU(i.e.D0 D8).ItusesUSBasasourceofelectricity.It has 128KB and 4MB of memory Storage. It supports protocolsforserialcommunication,i.e.,UART,SPI,I2Cand so on. To use this, we can link serial protocols with LCD’s allowed by standard devices such as Accelerometer, RTC chips,GPSmodules,touchscreens,SDcardsandsoon.

6.2 DHT11

DHT11sensorisusedformeasuringbodytemperature.Itis easytousebutittakesanattentivetimetocollectdata.Itis madeupofthreepinsi.e.,oneforpowerandthelastonefor groundpower.Fordigitaloutputthetemperaturerangeof DHT11 is between 0 50° C and + 2° C. DHT11 contains a sensor for humidity, an NTC sensor for temperatures (or thermistor) and an IC at the back. The IC monitors and processes this improvement in resistance that prepares a microcontrollerforreading.TheNTCtemperaturesensoris usedasathermistorforcalculatingtemperatures.

6.3 Pulse meter

Heartrhythmcanbecalculatedbasedonthedifferencein optical strength as light is distributed or absorbed by the beatoftheheartduringitsjourneythroughtheblood.Alight emittingdiodeisusedasthebasicheartbeatsensoranda sensorlikearesistororaphotodiodelightdetection.The pulsesoftheheartbeattriggerashiftbloodsupplytovarious areasofthebody.Ifatissuelightsupiteitherreflectswith thelightsource,i.e.,lightemittedbytheled(afingertissue) orthelightpasses(earlobe).Thenumberoftheabsorption oflightisbasedonthetissuebloodvolume.Theoutputof the detector is electrical signal shape and heartbeat rate proportional.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

6.4 Lithium ion battery

The best thing about lithium ion battery is that they can charge at a very large number in their lifetime. It is also knownasLi onBattery.Inthisprojectweareusing1.2Volt of4lithiumbatteries.We willnotgetthesameamount of voltage from these batteries. As we are aware that our NodeMCU works in 3.3v to 5v range. So, we will get a maximumof4.8voltfromthesebatteries.Anditwill bea safeoperationforourmicrocontroller.

6.5 TP4056 charge module

This is a type of charging module which can charge our lithiumbatteriesataconstantvoltagewiththesafetyofthe solarpanels.Itcanholdthemaximumvoltageupto12volts. Theotherbestthingaboutthismoduleisthatitcanconnect withthetwo powersupply.First,itcanconnecttothesolar power supply. If in any emergency or due to any other circumstance,wearenotabletoreceivesolarenergythen wecanconnectourmoduletoelectricalpowersupplyand canchargeourbatteries.

6.6 Solar panels

Toreceivethesolarenergy,werequirethesepanelssothat wecanchargeourbatteries.Solarpanelconvertsthesolar light into electrical form which can be further used for performingdifferentfunctions.

7. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

7.1 IoT platform

ThingSpeak is an open source IoT application and API for storingandretrievingdatafromthingsovertheInternetor via a local area network using the HTTP protocol. It also providesmonitoringofapplicationlocations,thecreationof applicationsforsensorlogging,andstatus updates.Italso facilitates the MATLAB numerical computer software that allowsresearcherstoview andanalyzetheuploadeddata withoutbuyingtheMATLABlicensedversion.

7.2 Arduino IDE

Itisanopen sourceIDEwhichmakesiteasyfortheuserto write the code for NodeMCU and Arduino. It supports the languages C and C++.It contains a text editor for code writing,amessagearea,atextconsole,andaseriesofmenu.

8. OPERATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this section we will discuss about the working of our design. As we have seen so far renewable energy is the futureofourworld.So,ourfirstpriorityistodesignapower sourcewhichprovidesanoutputvoltagethatcanchargeour batteries.Thebelowfigureshowsthehardwaresetupfor convertingsolarenergyintopowersupply.

Fig 2: Solarchargingsystem

Wecannotreceivesolarenergyallthetime.Ourpanelworks for only 6 hours a day. Forexample, in the night time our panelsareatlowvoltageandbatteriesareathighvoltage andit’sobviousthatthemovementofelectronsfromhigh potentialtolowpotentialwilldegradeoursolarpanels.The charge module will protect our batteries as well as it will provide a constant voltage to the batteries. This TP4056 moduleprovidesaconstantcurrentandvoltageoutput.Now wewillconnectourpaneltothechargingmodulesothatit willgiveaconstantoutputvoltageof5volttothebatteries. The input voltage range for this module is 4V to 8 V. We connecteda6Vsolarpanelattheinputsideofthemoduleso that at the output side we have around 5V. Now we will providethisvoltagetoourbatteriesandfromtherewewill takethepowersupplyforourNodeMCU.Asweareaware thattheoutputofourbatterieswillnotexceedsfrom5Vsoit willbeasafeoperationforourdesign.

Fig 3: SensorinterfacingwithNodeMCU

Theabovefigureshowsthetwosensorsi.epulsemeterfor measuring heart rate and temperature sensor connected withNodeMCU.

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Fig- 4: Pulsemetersensor

Inthefigure4pulsemeterisplacedonhandtomeasurethe values of heart rate of a person. Now the next part of our designhereisthatsensorswilltakethereadingofpatient and sent it to the cloud. The data will come to the Things speakplatformandfromherethedoctorscaneasilymonitor thedataattheirownplace.Incaseofanyemergencydoctor andpatientcanbealertedthroughanymessageserviceor anapp.

9. RESULT

Thedevicessensethedatafromthepatient’sbodyandsend them to the cloud platform i.e. Thingspeak. The real time monitoringofthedatacanbedoneusingthisplatform.The below figure shows the graphs for temperature and heart rate values. Different fields can be generated for different parameters. In these below figures readings are shown at continuous timeinterval. Herethe temperaturereadingis showninCelsiusandheartratereadingisgiveninBPMi.e beatsperminute.Foranynumberofusersthisdatacanbe calculatedanduploadedonIoTplatform.

Chart 2: Graphshowingheartratevalues

10. FUTURE WORK

In this paper system was designed to charge IoT devices using solar energy. Further work can be done by the researchers to increase the efficiency of the battery. Research can be done on how dust can be removed from solar panel to increase the efficiency of charge electricity generation.ItisalsofoundthatBlockchaintechnologyisnot 100% secure. So, work in this field can also be done for securingpatient’sdataasitishighlyconfidential[8].

11. CONCLUSION

This paper presents an efficient and reliable system with solar energy technique. The various state of the art technologies is amalgamated together to provide best medicalfacilitytoeverypersonandalertthemedicalstaffin case of any emergency. In the first section of this paper relevance of healthcare monitoring and architectures proposed by researchers have been discussed. The main problemidentifiedwasthelimitedlifetimeoftheIoTdevices andpreventingourdatafromanyexternalmaliciousattack. Thesecondsectiontalk aboutthemethodproposedusing solarenergyandblockchaintechnology.Inthelastsection thehardwareimplementationforgeneratingpowersupply from solar energy is shown. Also, how the interfacing of varioussensorsisdonewithNodeMCUandcollectedsensor dataistransmittedtoIoTplatform.Powersupplyupto4 5V is received from solar charging module. Also, this paper shedssomelightonthefutureworkwhichcanbedoneto makethisproposedmethodhighlyefficient.

Chart 1: Graphshowingbodytemperature

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

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