International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Mineralization of purified drinking water Ramsiya Banu T P Student, Department of Environmental Engineering, MCET, Desamangalam-679532, Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Water purification is the process of removing
substances and microorganisms, people are relying on water purifiers to get purified drinking water.
undesirable substances from water. Various techniques and technologies are adopted for water purification such as reverse osmosis, sediment filtration, activated carbon filters, and UV technique. All these methods have proved to be very effective in removing TDS and disease causing pathogens. There are several purifiers of different brands who guarantee 99.99% purified water. But this is actually a pure marketing technique for which we humans have fallen prey. Along with complete removal of suspended solids, wastes and other TDS, natural minerals available in the water are also removed during the purification process. Natural constituents of water comprise calcium ion and magnesium ions basically which are vital for diet supplement intake, metabolic activity and stay healthy. RO purification of water along with removal of micro contaminants increases the pH of water, makes it demineralized whose consumption on daily basis is not appreciable. Mineral rich resin beds can be incorporated in purifiers which can restore the lost or removed water minerals before available to drink and also balance the pH. Hence mineralized water with sufficient minerals fit for drinking would be obtained which is vital for each and every human beings metabolic activity and healthy body. People will no longer have to consume waterless water indeed which our purifying brands are actually providing.
The purifiers available in market adopt several techniques to make them free from contamination. RO or reverse osmosis is one such technique which is common in all purifiers which uses a semi-permeable membrane to filter out all the contaminants. Along with the removal of unwanted substances, the vital minerals present in the water are also removed due to the tiny pore size of the membrane. As a result the water from the purifiers is mere clear liquid devoid of essential minerals. Human are consuming actually water less water from the purifiers which can just only quench the thirst but cannot provide necessary supplements to the human body in taking them. Consumption of this kind of water creates several issues such as dehydration, lack of nutrients etc. Hence it is important to take necessary step as a remedy or to avoid such condition. Therefore purified water has to be mineralized to incorporate all the necessary minerals previously present in water before available for drinking.
1.1 Water purifiers Water purifiers are the devices which are used to filter and purify drinking water in order to make them free from impurities, contaminants and microorganisms. They adopt several techniques to purify the water which are RO or reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration and nano-filtration techniques.
Key Words: Mineralization, calcium ion, magnesium ion, RO, TDS, mineral rich resin bed, mineralized water
1. INTRODUCTION
RO is a process used to purify water which employs semi permeable membrane of pore size ranging approximately 0.0001 micron. It removes almost all the dissolved salts, impurities and purifies water to an extent of 99%. Due to the very small pore size of the membrane even the vital dissolved minerals are being removed. The matter present in water greater than the pore size retains over the membrane whereas the water passes through the membrane.
Drinking water is also known as potable water. It is the water that is safe for drinking and cook food. Water is an inevitable part of human life. Human should consume at least two to three litres of water daily for proper functioning of the body especially the metabolic activities. Not only food are regarded as source of nutrient but water also because it also contains necessary minerals in them like calcium, magnesium etc. consumption of these minerals through water are vital for a human body. However these minerals are lost when they are subjected to purification process.
Nano-filtration is also a purification or filtration technique which adopts membranes with nano pore sizes for filtration. Pore size ranges from 1 to 10 nm, which is just larger than that of RO pore size. In nano-filtration water is actually being softened by retaining minerals such as Ca2+, Mg2+.
The use of water purifiers is increasing day by day due to lack of availability of pure water. Nowadays water is getting contaminated from its source itself due to the carelessness of human being. Pollution is a prime cause of water contamination. In order to get rid of the unwanted
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Ultra-filtration is a technique where water and low molecular weight constituents present in water passes through the membrane. Whereas the particles greater than that of pore size retains over the membrane. The pore size of the membrane of ultra-filtration ranges 0.1 to 0.01 microns.
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