Design and Fabrication of Door Hinges Mechanism

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Design and Fabrication of Door Hinges Mechanism

ABSTRACT

In the current pandemic situation is arising due to COVID -19, So every human has required to take precaution like wear mass, keep distancing, sanitizing hand, don't touch anything if not necessary. But something is like Table, door, vehicles etc. we touch so there is chance of spreading disease. So, we have suggested idea for prevent them, the project is based on automation, in which we will making an automatic opening and closing of door mechanism (home/college swinging door). In which the door is open when the Ultrasonic sensor on the door cut then mechanism is operated and open the door and after close automatically. So, there is no physical touch of human with door, hence it will help to preventor reduce the spreading of pandemic disease COVID-19. Our project is based on Ultrasonic Sensor and Arduino, in which door is automatically opens and closes by detecting a person.

mechanism(home/collegedoor).In whichthedooris open when the sensor on the door cut then mechanism is operated and open the door and after close automatically. So, there is no physical touch of human with door, hence it will help to prevent or reducethespreadingofpandemicdiseaseCOVID 19.

OurprojectisbasedonUltrasonicSensorandArduino, in which door is automatically opens and closes by detecting a person. As soon as a person approaches thedoor(atabout2 or3feet),thedoorautomatically turned open and after some time (about 5 to 10 seconds), the door closes by turning in the reverse direction. Such Automatic Door Opening and closing systemsareveryusefulasyoudonotneedapersonto standbythedoorandopenitwheneveraguestcomes. Also,sincethedoorsareopenedandclosedonlywhen a person approaches the door, there is significantly lesslossofairconditioning.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

1. INTRODUCTION

In the current pandemic situation is arisen due to COVID 19, So every human has required to take precaution like wear mass, keep distancing, sanitizing hand,don'ttouchanythingifnotwhichnotnecessary. But something is like Table, door, vehicles etc. we touch so there is chance of spreading disease. In college and Offices, the peoples are meetso there are chancesspreadingdiseaseduetothetouchingofdoor or any other thing on which germs are present. The project is based on automation, in which we will making an automatic opening and closing of door

“Automatic opening control system of Garage Door Based on AT89S52 Microcontroller” by Yanlin Tao. In this paper, an automatic opening control system of garage door is designed by using infrared sensor recognition Technology (AT89S52 Microcontroller) and corresponding reliable security measures. Just fixed the system in front of the windshield of your own car, automatic opening of garage door can be achieved when the car is driving nearthegarage.Noneedtomodifytheoriginalgarage control system. With low cost and high practicability. [1]

“Automatic Gate using Bluetooth technology (Open the gate with the strength of the Bluetooth signal on the smartphone)” by Kittipat Khreasarn, Kittikorn,atpresent,TheDoorisopenbythekeycard or fingerprint identification of the user to order the systemtoopenthedoor.Theuseralsoneedstocarry akeycard.Thismakesitinconvenienttouse.Thekey

Key Words - COVID-19, Swinging Door, Ultrasonic Sensor, and Stepper Motor, Swinging Door, Arduino, Motor Driver, Roller Bearing And WireRope. © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page2559

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

card may be lost or forgotten. In addition, it is a fingerprintsystem,italsocausesinconveniencetothe user. These errors are caused by many factors. For example, the efficiency of dirty finger. This paper introduced Bluetooth technology, which is a device that publishes small data in a specific format using data displaymode,whichiscommonlyusedtodetect andmonitordevicesinthebuilding.Theycanprovide their device information and location. For this purpose, it is recommended to use technology that meets the following requirements. Low cost, low power consumption. High precision, reliable and real time Operation. Bluetooth is the primary device of wirelesscommunication. [2]

“Identity Verification using Computer Vision for Automatic Garage DoorOpening” by Rob G. J. Wijn hovenand Peter H. N. In this paper, they introduced Automatic identification of vehicles as part of an intelligent access control system for a garage entrance. Using a camerainthedoor,cars aredetectedandmatchedto the database of authenticated cars. Once a car is detected, License Plate Recognition (LPR) is applied using character detection and recognition. The found licenseplatenumberis matched with the database of authenticated plates. If the car is allowed access, the doorwillopenautomatically. [3]

“Hardware Implementation of Fire Detection, Control and Automatic Door Unlocking System for Automobiles” by J. Joy Mathavan,A.W.Faslan,N.U.A.Basith& W.V.S.D. Wanigasinghe., The paper introduced, The systems available for the detection and control of fire accidentsinautomobiles.Thesystemshouldbeableto warn the driver, operates the fire extinguisher and unlock the door automatically. During an automobile fire,ifthereisasystemtodetectthefireandalertsthe driver, then, the driver and passengers have a chance to save their life from the fire. Also, there must be systems to operate the fire extinguishers automaticallyduringautomobilefireincidents. [4]

“AdigitalautomaticslidingdoorwithaRoomlight control system” by Adamu Murtala Zunger and Paul ObafemiAbraham-Attah.Theyintroduced,thesystem in which, the model and design an automatic sliding door with a room light control system to provide the mentioned needs. This was achieved by considering some factors such as economy, availability of components and research materials, efficiency, compatibilityandportabilityandalsodurabilityinthe design process. This system works on the principle of breaking an infrared beam light, sensed by a photodiode. It consists of two transmitting infrared diodesandtworeceivingphotodiodes. The first one is for someone coming in and the second one is for someonegoingoutoftheroom. [5]

3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

3.1 Block Diagram

Fig. 3.1 Block Diagram

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

rotatemotorinanticlockwisedirectionatanangletakenfor openingthedoortoclosethedoor.

4. DESIGN

4.1 Selection of Motor Force require to open door. a. Forcerequiredtoopendooragainstbearingfriction. i) DensityofDoor=680Kg/m3

ii) Volumeofdoor=l×b×h V=0.9144×(40×10 3)×2.1336 V = 0.078038 m3

Fig. 3.2 Proposed 3D Model

3.2 Construction

Thebasicdesignforautomationisconsistof followingcomponent.

ofthe

3.3 Working

The working of the Door Hinges Automatic Door Opener Mechanism using Arduino and Ultrasonic Sensor is very simple. When the Ultrasonic Sensor detects any motion of a person, its Data OUT Pin will becomeHIGH.AsthispinisconnectedtotheArduino, it will detect this HIGH Signal and understands that there is person approaching the door Arduino then immediately activates the Motor Driver module to rotate the lever arm which is linkage between motor and door, as a result of this the door gets open. After some time (about 2 to 5 seconds in this project), the Arduino will once again activate the Motor Drive to

iii) Massofdoor=Volume×DensityMassofDoor=0.078038 ×680 Mass = 53.29 = 54 Kg

iv) Weightofdoor=mass*gravity =54×9.81

Weight = 529.74 N (VerticalForce)

As the weight of door is 529.74 N therefore, 529.74 N forceisrequiredtoliftthedoor.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

v) Frictional Force = Normal Force × Coefficientoffriction =529.74× 0.020 Force = 10.5948 N b.

Torque=ForcexDistance =10.59×0.9 Torque = 9.5353 N-m

As torque required to open door is 9.5353N-m which is equivalent to 10 N-m, butthere is no stepper motor for a calculatedtorque so, we are going to use worm andworm gear box (40:1) to increase torque.So, we have selected motor having 23 Kg cm torque, which produce 0.25 N-m torque.

4.2

Design of Lever

Ref:-MachineDesign-R.S.KhurmiandJ.K.Gupta (PageNo.45,576-579)

Lw=Lengthofleverpivotedtodoor,mm

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072����) 2 8) 2 Z=�� �� ����3 ( )12 = (3t)t3 (b=3t) 12 I = 0.25 t4 y= b 2 3�� ( ) 2 Z= �� (��)

M=Wd × (lw σt =σb =90MPa

=10.598×(260

Lp=Lengthofleverconnectedtooutputshaftof gear,mm Wd=Forcerequiredtoliftdoor,mm σb=BendingStress,MPa dp=Diameterofpivotpin,mm M=Maximumbendingmoment,N-mmtl =Thicknessoflever,mm bl=Widthoflever,mm

GIVENLw = 260 mmLp=260 mm Wd =10.598

I = y = σb=90MPa

=1.5t dp=8mm σb =�� �� Z=(.25∗��4 ) 1.5∗�� Z = 0.1666 t σb = M Z

i)BendingStress

M = 2713.088 N.mm σb = 2713.088 0.1666t3 t = 5.65 = 6 mm b=3t=3×6 bl= 18 mm

i) Thicknessoflever(tl)= 6 mm ii) Widthoflever(bl)= 18 mm

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5. DETAILS OF COMPONENTS

5.1 Motor

Astorquerequiretoopenthedooris9.5353N.m which is equivalent to 10 N.m, but there is no stepper motor for a calculated. So for increase

torquewehavetousewormandwormgearbox.

Byconsidering gear box wenhave selected 23kg-c.m stepper motor (NEMA 23) which require 24 volt and 15A input supply having stepped angle 1.8 degree. Stepper motor having higher accuracy than other motorlike D.Cmotor.

beeasilyinterfacedtoanyArduino.

Fig. 5.1 Stepper motor (NEMA 23)

5.2 Lever Arm

LeverArmMechanismisactasanactuatorinorderto

meet our objectives of work. Length of lever is taken as the required for width of door. One end of lever is fixed to the output shaft of gear and another end is pivoted to one side of door. Lever arm is responsible fortheturningofdoorthroughlessthan900asresult ofthisdoorgetopenorclose.

Fig 5.2 Lever arm

5.3 Ultra sonic sensor

Detecting human motion is done with the help of Ultrasonic Sensor. Ultrasonic Distance Sensor provides very short (2C.M) to long range (4M) detection and ranging. The sensor provides precise and stable non contact distance measurements from about 2cm to 4meterswithveryhighaccuracy.Itcan

Fig 5.3 Ultra sonic sensor

5.4 Driver module

Themotordrivermoduleisusetodrivethesteppermotor. Driver module is suited for our motor is DM860H motor driver.TheDM860isafullydigitalstepperdrivedeveloped with advanced DSP control algorithm based on the latest motioncontroltechnology.Ithasachievedauniquelevelof system smoothness, providing optimal torque and nulls mid range instability. Compared with traditional analog drives, DM860 can drive a stepper motor at much lower noise, lower heating, and smoother movement. Its unique featuresmakeDM860anidealchoiceforhighrequirement applications.

Fig 5.4 Driver module

5.5 Power supply

Powersupplyisusefor givingelectricpower tothemotor, drivermoduleandArduinoUNOboard.Themotorrequired 12Vand5Amp.currentas aninput power,sothat weare going to use 12V, 5A Power Supply. This power supply requires90to240Voltsasaninput power.

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Table No. – 6.1 Result

Fig 5.5 Power supply

5.6 Arduino UNO

In this project, Arduino UNO acts as the main controlling part. It reads the data from the Ultrasonic Sensor and activates the Motor Driver based on the datafromtheUltrasonicSensor.

6. TESTING AND RESULTS

6.1 Testing

Testing of the model is the final stage of our work to checkwhethertheobjectivessetbyusareaccomplish or not. After the complete assembly of the model for ensuring the proper working of our model we gone through two stages of testing. we move further for testingofthemodelthistestingisintwostages.

Infirststagewetestourmodelwithoutanyloadonit. We take test onour model without applyingany load onit.Inthefirststageourmodelworksproperly.

In second stage of testing we test our model by installingitonwithactualapplicationi.e.onthedoor. After the first stage of testing, by doing some modificationswedonetestingofour model finallyon theactualdoor.

6.2 Results

Door gets automatically opened whenever a person comes in the sensing range of the sensors. Direct physical contact for opening and closingthedoor got eliminated.Duringthetestingofthemodelwegotthe followingresults.

7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

7.1 Conclusion:

Direct physical contact of peoples for opening and closing

the door got eliminated thereby, it will help to prevent or reduce the spreading of pandemic disease COVID-19. We have Successfully design, manufactured, assembled and implemented our project to ensure the proper working basedonoursetofobjectives.

7.2

Future Scope

Ourprojectcanbeusefulforphysicallyhandicapped

peopletoopenorclosingthedoor at public places such as railway station waiting rooms, railway doors, by making somemodificationsinthemechanism.

Itwillhelptoreducethespreadingofpandemicdisease COVID-19

8. REFERENCES

1) Yanlin Tao, “Automatic opening control system of GarageDoorBasedonAT89S52Microcontroller”,IEEE, pp.64 72,[2017].

2) Kittipat Khreasarn, Kittikorn Hantrakul, “Automatic Gate using Bluetooth technology (Open the gate with the strength of the Bluetooth signal on the smartphone)”,IEEE,pp.54 58,[2018].

3) Rob G. J. Wijnhoven and Peter H. N. de, “Identity Verification using Computer Vision for Automatic GarageDoorOpening”,IEEE,pp.906 914,[2011].

International Research Journal of Engineering

and

Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4) J. Joy Mathavan, A.W. Faslan, N. U. A. Basith & W.V.S.D.Wanigasinghe,

5) “Hardware Implementation of Fire Detection & ControlandAutomaticDoorUnlockingSystemfor Automobiles”,IEEE,pp.125 129,[2020].

6) Adamu Murtala Zunger and Paul Obafemi Abraham Attah, “A digital automatic sliding door with a Room light control system”, Researchgate.net,pp.1 17[2013].

7) MachineDesign R.S.KhurmiandJ.K.Gupta.

8) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor

9) https://www.google.com/search?q=types+of+ele ctric+motor&ei=Gi6pYKvgE_z1j

uMPi9qMmAs&oq=types+motor&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3 Mtd2l6EAMYAjICCAAyBgg

AEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB4yBggAEAcQ HjIGCAAQBxAeMgYI

ABAHEB4yBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHE B46BwgAEEcQsAM6B wgAELADEENQtTpYvEhglmpoAXACeACAAboDiA GyD5IBCTAuMi4zLjAu

MpgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrIAQrAAQE&sclient =gws wiz 10) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepper_motor 11) https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineeri ng/gearbox 12) https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/levers d_1304.html 13) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_switch

9. BIOGRAPHIES

Mr.MayureshBuvajiShinde

B.Tech , Student in Department of Mechanical Engineering Sandip University,Nashik,Maharashtra

Mr.ShubhamRajaramMahale B.Tech, Student in Department of Mechanical Engineering Sandip University,Nashik,Maharashtra

Mr.AjayKashnnaKodam

B.Tech , Student in Department of Mechanical Engineering Sandip University,Nashik,Maharashtra