A RESEARCH PAPER ON SMART AGRICULTURE SYSTEM USING IOT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

A RESEARCH PAPER ON SMART AGRICULTURE SYSTEM USING IOT

Sayantan Goon1, Suari Debbarma2, Arkit Debbarma3, Piyali Deb4, Aparajita Baul5, Prof. Rupanjal Debbarma6

1,2,3,4,5 Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tripura Institute of Technology, Tripura, India 6 Associate Professor & HOD, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tripura Institute of Technology, Tripura, India ***

Abstract Agriculture has been the primary source of income or primary occupation in our country from ages. But recently due to unpredictable weather conditions and availability of good land there has been hindrance in agriculture. As a result, food security has become a major concern for our country and also most other countries. So, to overcome this we go for Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Agriculture system to enhance the productivity and operation efficiency in agricultural sector. The feature of this system is developing a system that can monitor moisture, temperature, humidity and even might movement of animals which might annihilate the resources in agriculture field via sensors using microcontroller and in the case of any discrepancy send an alert message using Wi fi/3G/4G module to the farmers’ smartphone. As it has lowcost, it allows every farmertoafford it and because of its various features it has a potential to be helpful in water limited areas.

In this paper we are proposing an efficient and low cost sensor network technology to get the soil moisture, temperature, humidity and manually operable motor to distribute water in the field as per the need and take the decision accordingly.

Key Words: IOT, Smart Agriculture, Moisture, Temperature, Humidity, Sensors, Wi Fi, Application, Motor.

1. INTRODUCTION

Agricultureisthebaseoflifeforhumanbeingsasagriculture isthemainimportantsourceforfoodgrainsandotherraw materials.IfspeakingabouttheIndiancontext,thebackbone ofdevelopingnation’seconomyisagricultureanditplaysa vital role too. It provides huge scale employment opportunitiestothepeople.Forthedevelopingtheeconomic condition of the country it is necessary to have growth in agricultural sector.Sadly,manyfarmersarestill usingthe traditional ancient method which leads to low yielding of crops. But after the advancements had been implemented and human beings had been replaced by automatic technologies,theyieldshavebeenimproved.Thus,thereisa needtousemoderntechnologiesinthesectorofagriculture fortheimprovementinyield.Inagricultureareastherehas been many research and several ways to use new IoT technology. In recent times, itisnecessarytoincreasethe

yieldsfoodgrainproduction.Cloudconnectedsystemhelps in crop yield maximization, which helps in day to day agriculture tasks and even offers real time monitoring. Equipment’s that are connected possess various Wi Fi connections, which helps in monitoring and controlling electronic machines to help farmers in analyzing and for good operation of the crop field. By the usage of sensor devicesandotherautomatedelectronicsdevices,nowmany farmerscanefficientlymeasuremoisturelevel,temperature andevenmonitortheirland.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

[1]Proposesasystemwhichincludesvarioussensorswhich are connected to an app via Cloud Network. The system monitors various things like Moisture, Temperature and humidity and even control them. It uses ZigBee which is something that provides standardization of IOT industry whichisprovidinganauthoritativestandardtothethings usedinWSN.

[2]Therecenttimescenarioofdryingupoftanksandrivers, unpredictable environment shows that there is need of properuseofwater.Togetoverallthisuseoftemperature sensorandMoisturesensoratsuitableplacesformonitoring ofcropsisdone

[3]Proposesanelectronicsystemwhichhastheapplications ofIOT.This systemcanmonitorsuchasmoistureandcan even based on threshold value control the moisture level Thus, the proposed model is capable of controlling and monitoring.

[4]Awaydevelopedwiththresholdvaluesofsoilmoisture andtemperaturecanbeprogrammedintoamicrocontroller basedgatewayforcontrollingwaterquantity.Bytheuseof photovoltaicpanels,thesystemispoweredandalsobased oncellularInternetinterfacecanhaveacommunicationlink that allows irrigation scheduling which is programmed throughawebpage.

[5] With the development in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologically it is now possible in precision agriculturetousecontrollingandmonitoringofgreenhouse parameter.

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

[6]Thissystemisappliedforapoly house.Itproposesfirst collecting data from IoT sensors and send it to the server overWi Fimodule.

[7]Suggestsoutamethodfortestingthesoilfertilitybased onthevaluescollectedbythesensors.Oncethesoilfertility is determined is used to select or suggest the best soil fertilizerforthecrops.

3. PROPOSED WORK

3.1 SMART AGRICULTURE SYSTEM

In this day to day lives the evolving trend is the Smart Agricultural system. Agriculture has received the latest trendsandtechniqueswiththedevelopmentoftechnology. One of the major benefits for Smart Agriculture is the connectivitybyusingexistingWi fitechnology

willdistributewaterovertheagricultureifthesoilmoisture levelislow.

3.2 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

Soilmoisturesensorisasensorwhichsensesthemoisture levelinthefield.Wheninthefieldthewaterlevelislowin theBlynkapptheLEDwillglowandifthewaterlevelishigh theLEDwon’tglow.

Fig 1:SmartAgricultureSystemusingIOToutline

ThissystemwillleadtothesuccessfulgrowthofInternetof Thingsimplementationintheagriculturalfieldsasithelpsto savetimeonhardwaresetupsforSmartAgriculturesystem Thissystemwhichovercomestheexistingmobilecomputing scenario of smart devices and their application (App) and helpsinconnectingdevicesinreallife.

HereintheSmartAgricultureSystem,wehavethreesensors namelysoilmoisture,DHT11,andultrasonicsensorwhich areconnectedtotheESP8266NodeMCUwhichisconnected to internet through Wi fi. Soil moisture sensor senses the moisturelevel in thesoil andsendthis informationtothe microcontrollerwhichfurtherdisplaysitintheBlynkapp. TheDHT11sensesthetemperatureandhumidityaround thefieldandsenddatatomicrocontrollerwhichdisplaysit inBlynkapp.Andtheultrasonicsensorisfixedinthetopof theSuppliertankwhichmeasurethewaterlevelinthetank anddisplaysitintheBlynkappsolikewecansenddatato BlynkappwecanalsosenddatafromBlynkapplikeifthe waterlevelislow,wecanmanuallyswitchontheMotor1 which will load water from water reservoir like river, shallow,watersupplyetc.andifweswitchontheMotor2it

Fig 2:SoilMoistureSensor

Here we connected the VCC to 5V and GND to GND of the microcontrollerandtheDigitalpinofsensortoGPIOpinof microcontroller. The moisture in the soil is indirectly measuring conductivity in the soil of the field. The more moistthemoreconductiveitisandviceversa.

3.3 DHT 11 (Digital Humidity Temperature Sensor)

DigitalHumidityTemperatureSensor(DHT11)iscomprised of a thermistor and a humidity sensing component for sensing the temperature. This humidity sensing capacitor hastwoelectrodeswithasubstratewhichcontainsmoisture as a dielectric between them. When the humidity level is change it is seen that the value of capacitance is also changed.Thechangedresistancevalueisthenchangeintoa digitalformwiththeICmeasureprocess.

A thermistor which is negative temperature coefficient is usedformeasuringthetemperaturewhichcausesadecrease initsresistancevaluewiththeincreaseintemperature.This sensor is usually composed of semiconductor materials ceramicsorpolyceramictoobtaingreaterresistancevalue evenforthesmallestchangeintemperature

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

3.5 RELAY

Figurebelowshowsaelectronicdiagramof relayandit is usedaselectricalswitch.Relayisusedhereinourprojectto turnonthewaterpumpifthewaterlevelislowinthefield.

Fig 3:DHT11Sensor

The Digital Humidity Temperature Sensor (DHT11) temperature range is from 0 to 50 degree Celsius with 2 degreeaccuracy. SensingrangeofDHT11is20 90%RHwith anaccuracy+\ 5%RH Samplingsrateofthissensoris1Hz i.e.,itgivesreadingforeverysecond. DHT11isverysmallin size having operating voltage of 5 volts. 2.5mA is the maximumcurrentusedwhilemeasuring.

3.4 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Thedistancetoanobjectisdetectedbysendingsonicburst intheHC SR04ultrasonicsensorisused.Itcontainsoftwo ultrasonic transducers. The first one acts as a transmitter whichisusedtosendsonicburstsandtheotheronereceiver producesoutputpulseifitreceives.

Fig 4:HC SR04UltrasonicSensor

Here the VCC is connected to 5V power supply in the ESP8266 Node MCU and GND is connected to GND of ESP8266NodeMCU.Inordertosendultrasonicwaves,the Triggerpinissettohighfor10µs.Thena8sonicburstsis send from the module at 40Khz.The ultrasonic sensor althoughhaveadetectionrangeof2cm 400cmbutwehave setitto16cmasperourrequirement.TheninEchopinit will be received and the echo pin will output the time in microseconds.Distanceismeasuredbyusingthefollowing formula

Distance=Speedofsound×Time/2

Fig 5:Relay

In the relay the Common is by default is connected to NormallyClosedthusourcircuitisopenandthemotoridoff. Now when current flows through the coil it attracts the CommonconnectiontowardsNormallyOpenthusnowthe circuitisclosedandnowthemotorwillrun.

3.6 MOTOR

Figure shows a Mini Micro Submersible Water pump The motorworksonDC3 6V.Itisverylowcost;thesizeofpump issmall.120litersofwatercanbepumpedperhourwitha verylowcurrentconsumption.

Fig 6:Motor

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

3.7 ESP8266 Node MCU

IthasfirmwarewhichrunsontheESP8266Wi FiSoC,and hardware which is based on the ESP 12 module. In our projectwehaveusedthepinsD1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,GND andVIN.

2] Blynk Server The network between smartphone and hardwareisestablishedusingthis.

3] Blynk Libraries All commands are processed here whetheritbeincomingoroutgoing

4. RESULT

Themainobjectiveofourprojectistoconnectthemodern used technology in required fields like agriculture. This system makes agriculture monitoring easy using IoT technologyinagriculture.Theadvantagesasmentionedlike watersaving,laboursavingandmostimportantlysavingthe crops from bad weathers are required to maximise in currentagriculturalstateofaffairs.

It has 30 pins. We give 5V power supply to it through the USBport.Ithas16DigitalI/Opinsand1AnalogI/Opin.A flashmemoryof128Kb.ClockSpeedof80MHz 160MHz.The microcontroller name is Tensilica 32 bit RISC CPU Xtensa LX106.

3.8 ARDUINO IDE

Thesoftwareinwhichwearegoingtowriteprogramwillbe ArduinoIDE.TheArduinoIDEisanopen sourceplatformfor programming which is generally used by programmers to writethencompilecodeusingArduinowhichisthemodule. Compiling of codesimple andeasier so a normal mancan understandthelearningprocedurewithoutanypriorcoding knowledge because this is the official programming software For all operating systems like MAC, windows, LinuxtheArduinoIDEsoftwareisreadilyavailable

3.9 BLYNK APPLICATION

The Mobile App that we will going use for controlling hardwarewillbeBLYNKApp.Ithasthecapacitytoremotely control hardware and also shows sensor information. To visualizeandstoredatathisappalsohelps.Thisapplication has3mainelements:

1]Blynkapp Differentwidgetsandgoodinterfacesforthe projectscanbecreatedwiththehelpofthisapp.

8:SmartAgricultureSystemusingIoT

Thus,usingthesensorsinagriculturefieldmakesthings easier.Theinformationfromsensorissenttotheuserusing cloud.Thus,anychangesinsidethefieldmaybeidentified effortlessly and early action is achieved as such. The developedhardwarekitofourproposedworkisshownin Figure8

In Blynk Application we can see the Temperature and Humiditylevels.WewillalsobeabletoseethattheSoilis DryorWet.IftheSoilcontainsnowatertheLEDwillglow andiftheLEDdoesn’tglowitmeansthesoilcontainsWater.

WewillalsobeabletoseethewaterlevelintheTankand accordinglyrefillit.Wealsotwomotorsthesuppliermotor isdistributewaterintheagriculturefieldifthewaterlevelis lessinfield.AndtheTankMotoristorefilltheSuppliertank ifthewaterlevelislowandviceversa.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

connection of the sensors in the agriculture field and in designing a user friendly application that can be easily understoodbythefarmersaretherealchallengesandyetto beovercome.

Smart agriculture system using IoT has vast scope in futuremakingitmoreuserfriendlybyaddingmorefeatures forfarmers

1. We can add motion sensor in the system to detect any animalmovementinfarm.

2.Voicecommandfeatureswith differentlanguagespresent in different regions can be implemented in the system to makeitmoreuserfriendlyforfarmerstousethesystem.

3.GPS(Global positioningsystem) canbeimplemented in the system to get accurate location of farmer and the accurateweatherreportoffarmland.

4. We can rain detector sensor which will make it more beneficial.

5.Wecanalsoaddwebcamtothesystem,thephotosthat willbecapturedcanbedisplayedovertheapp.

REFERENCES

[1] M.K.Gayatri, J.Jayasakthi, Dr.G.S.Anandha Mala, “ProvidingSmartAgriculturalSolutionstoFarmers for better yielding using IoT”, IEEE International ConferenceonTechnologicalInnovationsinICTfor Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR 2015), 2015

[2] S.R.Nandurkar, V.R.Thool, C.Thool, “Design and DevelopmentofPrecisionAgricultureSystemUsing Wireless Sensor Network”, IEEE International Conference on Automation, Control, Energy and Systems(ACES),2014

5. CONCLUSION

Thus, this paper explains an existential model of how in Indian agriculture Internet of Things (IoT) is applied. We haveproposedasystemofhowInternetofthingsconceptis usedwithrespecttoourtraditional agricultural practices. Later we have explained different types of sensors like Temperaturesensor,moisturesensorwhichwillberequired forouragriculturepractices.Typesofsoftwarethatwehave forcommunicationisalsoexplained.Thus,forthesonofsoil farmersandfortheirbenefitsweproposethisidea.

6. FUTURE SCOPES

Indian agriculture has large potential and is yet to be discoveredandweyethavealongwaytogointhisfieldof research as we have soil textures different in different regions of our country. With the implementation of this project farmer will be benefited on a large scale. Inter

[3] ManishkumarDholu,Mrs.K.AGhodinde,“Internet of Things (IoT) for Precision Agriculture Application”, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics(ICISC),NewJersey,pp.478 483,201.

[4] JoaquínGutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa Medina, Alejandra Nieto Garibay, and Miguel Ángel Porta Gándara, “Automated Irrigation System Using a WirelessSensorNetworkandGPRSModule”,IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT,0018 9456,2013

[5] Dr. V. Vidya Devi, G. Meena Kumari, “Real Time AutomationandMonitoringSystemforModernized Agriculture”, International Journal of Review and Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering (IJRRASE)Vol3No.1.PP7 12,2013

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

[6] Rahul Dagar, Subhranil Som, Sunil Kumar Khatri, “SmartFarming IoTinAgriculture”,Proceedingsof theInternationalConferenceonInventiveResearch in Computing Applications (ICIRCA), Chennai, pp. 1052 1056,2018

[7] P.S.Vijaybaskar, Sreemathi R., Keertanaa E., “Crop PredictionusingPredictiveAnalytics”,International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy, Information and Communication (ICCPEIC), pp. 370 373,2017.

[8] Harika Pendyal1, Ganesh Kumar Rodda, Anooja Mamidi,MadhaviVangala,SathyamBonala,Keerti Kumar Korlapati, “IoT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring System” International Journal of ScientificEngineeringandResearch(IJSER),Volume 9Issue7,July2021

[9] https://components101.com/modules/soil moisture sensor module

[10] https://components101.com/sensors/dht11 temperature sensor

[11] https://components101.com/sensors/ultrasonic sensor working pinout datasheet

[12] https://components101.com/switches/5v relay pinout working datasheet

[13] https://www.amazon.in/Stookin Double Micro Submersible Project/dp/B0839J68QZ

[14] https://circuits4you.com/2017/12/31/nodemcu pinout/

[15] https://www.elprocus.com/a brief on dht11 sensor/

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal