ROAD ACCIDENTAL ALERT SYSTEM

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

ROAD ACCIDENTAL ALERT SYSTEM

Kumar1, Sanya Mishra2, Riya Singh3, Saharsh Ranjan Maurya4 , Raunak Kumar5, Ramprakash Kannaujiya6

Department of Civil engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 201306 ***

Abstract Over 10000 lives are lost in fog related road crashesevery year in India. Roadaccidentsdue tofogare becomingacauseofconcernas,inpast4years,fogrelated roadfatalitiesinIndiahaverisenalmost100percent.Butan underseenfactisthattheinceptiveaccidentisjustthetipof icebergandtherealhazardisposedbythemultivehicular pileupthatfollows.Thisprojectisdesignedtoresolvethis issueofmultivehicularpileup.Basically,thisprojectadheres to the principal of constraining losses to the initial. The "Road Accidental Alert System", abbreviated as "RAAS" constitutesanumberofsensorsinstalledinpre definedand uniformdistances,thatdetectavehiclewhichtendstobein rest position for more than 30 seconds on road, and consequentlyinitiateglowingofSOSlightssothatthedriver oftheupcomingvehicleonthesameroutewillgetanalert signalandhecancontrolhisspeedaswellasthesteeringof vehicle. This project is just a prototype or beginning of a grandidea,whichifshapestoefficiencycantransformthe road accident data, by completely removing a category of causeofaccident.

1.INTRODUCTION

InIndiavehicleaccidentsclaimthelivesofmorepeoplethan manyotherfactors.ItisoneofIndia'ssignificantlossesdue tonaturalcatastrophesorhumancarelessness[1].Thisleads tosignificantfamilysorrow,lossofincomefordependents, andlong termorbriefdiscomfort.Ithasbeennoticedthat therateofaccidentsisgreaterinthemonthsofDecember and January. Fatal crashes related to fog or smoke occur frequently in Northern India, which ranks high among all casesinwinterseasonintermsofcrashfatalities[2].This tendencyhasnoclearcause;however,itmightberelatedto poororlowvisibility(fog)duringthewintermonths[3].Our motivation behind doing this project is to reduce and minimizethenumberofroadaccidentshappeningonMajor Indian highways and roads due to foggy or low visibility weatherconditions[4].Mainprincipleofourideaistoalert drivers on highway specially on foggy days when there is low visibility. Our project “ROAD ACCIDENTAL ALERT SYSTEM”, abbreviated “RAAS” does this work quite nicely [5]. According to our idea, there would be a number of sensors installed in pre defined and uniform distances so

that they can detect a vehicle which tends to be in rest position for more than 30 seconds on road resulting in glowingofSOSlightsothattheupcomingvehiclewillgetan alert signal and they can control their speed as well as a steeringofvehicle[6].

Roadtrafficaccidentsclaimthelivesoffourtimesasmany people in our country as terrorism does globally [7]. Accordingtodata,almost4.5lakhpeoplediedin2019,with around414peopledyingeveryday.

Table 1: Overviewofroadaccidentsandaffectedpersons

Year Total Number of Road Accidents

% Change Total number of Persons Killed

% Change Total Number of Persons Injured

2015 501423 146133 500279

% Change

2016 480652 4.14 150785 3.18 494624 1.13

2017 464910 3.28 147913 1.90 470975 4.78

467044 0.46 151417 2.37 469418 -0.33

2018 2019 449002 3.86 151113 0.20 451361 3.85

Overspeeding,drinkinganddriving,overloading,high speed vehicles,young driverswithouta driver's license, and not focusingwhiledrivingwereallfactorsinthemajorityofthe events[8].Foghasbeenknowntocausemajortrafficsafety and flow concerns owing to poor visibility. Fog is a bad weatherconditionthatcauseslimitedvisionandhasabig influenceondriverbehaviourandtrafficsafety.Everyyear, fogcausesroughly30000crashesintheIndia[9]BothRoad accidents & number of accidents related deaths under different weather conditions have decreased in the year 2019 as compared to 2018 except for “Foggy & Misty “category ofweathercondition.Themaximumincrease in roadaccidents(19.9%) and roadaccidentdeaths (13.2%) has been under the weather condition “foggy & misty” weatherconditionasintable2below[10].Usingadriving simulator, the implications of reduced vision in foggy and hazyweatheroncollisionriskandcarfollowingbehaviour areassessed[11]. Followingarethemajorfindings:

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Table 2: Overviewofweatherconditionandroadaccidents

Weather Condition No.ofAccidents PersonsKilled PersonsInjured 2018 2019 %Change 2018 2019 %Change 2018 2019 %Change

Sunny/Clear 348137 330295 5.1 104883 103765 1.1 356594 339636 4.8

Rainy 44011 39825 9.5 14590 14240 2.4 45010 39573 12.1 Foggy&Misty 28026 33602 +19.9 11841 13405 +13.2 25265 30776 +21.8

Hail/sleet 4114 4043 1.7 2123 2036 4.1 4080 3945 3.3

Others 42756 41237 3.6 17980 17667 1.7 38469 37431 2.7

Total 467044 449002 3.9 151417 151113 0.2 469418 451361 3.8

(1)Whentheweatherisfoggy,theoverallcollisionriskis muchhigherthanwhentheweatherisclear.

(2)Underthehigh speedstage,distanceandtimeheadways are much shorter in foggy weather circumstances than in clearweatherconditions.

(3) Under high speed and middle speed stages, speed variance is larger in foggy weather circumstances than in clearweathersituations.

Many technological systems for detecting and monitoring drivertirednesslevelsareintheresearch,validationtesting, orearlydeploymentstagesrightnow.Previousstudieshave looked at many technologies and methodologies for detecting and predicting tiredness [12]. A suggested intelligent automobile system for accident avoidance. The VehicularBackboneNetwork(VBN)structurecanbeusedto proposeaRoadAccidentPrevention(RAP)method[13].The RAPprogrammeseekstostopautomobilesfrombecoming involved in highway traffic accidents, lowering death and injuryrates.RAPinstantaneouslyactivatesahighwayroad traffic accident prevention plan if the potential of an emergency circumstance (i.e., an accident) is foreseen in advance[14].Theobjectivesofthisprojectare:



To reduce the rate of accident in foggy or low visibilityweathercondition.

d. Versatileandimplementable

e. Unsophisticated

f. Environmentfriendly

2. Method

TheIndianRoads,basicallyHighwaysswarmofcaravansof vehiclesallsizesandShapes.NorthIndiancitiesofPunjab, Haryana, Delhi NCR, Uttar Pradesh, etc. majorly undergo severefogconditionsandvisibilityblockduetohazeandair pollution [15]. Due to such conditions, horrific accidents occur.Thismayincludeavehiclecollidingwithanobstacle andconsequentlyadisastrousmultivehiclepileup[16].Low visibilityistheprimereasonformultiplepileups.



Toreducethefinanciallossestoeconomy.



Topreservevaluablelivesofinnocentcitizens.



To develop a strong and solid hardware based solutionkeepinginmindthevariousparameters:

a. Feasible

b. Economical

c. Reliable

Fig 1: SchematicvisualisationofRAAS(Z axis)

Astationarydecimatedvehiclelayingonthepavement,isan unexpected upcoming misfortune for vehicles coming towardsitonthesameroutewiththesamehaste,asthey werenotabletoassesswhentoslowdownorstop[17].

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

“RAAS”isbasedontheprincipleofprovidingavisualalertto whateversanethingisreachinganaccidentsite,unknownof it, beforehand [18]. When the driver inside a vehicle approachinganaccidentsiteduringlowvisibilitycondition willseetheS.O.S.lightof“RAAS”blinkinginthesideways, he/shecanassessthatsomemishapshavehappenedwithin a pre determined radius, and can accordingly slow down [19].

lights. This is the general situation. This is because the receiverswillnotreceiveaconstantsignalfor30seconds,as therearenovehiclestoemitsignals[20].

STEP2 (STEADYTRAFFICCONDITION)(NOALERT)

Fig 2: SchematicvisualisationofRAAS(X axis)

2. WORKING

The“RAAS”worksinconsequenceofvarioussequential events:

STEP1 (NOTRAFFICCONDITON)(NOALERT)

Fig 3:NOTRAFFICCONDITION

Whentheroadsarecleanfrommotorvehicles,ornosuch significant movement is observed, the sensors remain inactivated and there is no warning issued through SOS

Fig 4: STEADYTRAFFICCONDITION

Whenthetrafficislocomotingatitsstandardvelocityandno anyobstructionispresent,thesensorsremaininactivated andthereisnowarningissuedthroughSOSlights.Thisisan everydaycasualsituation.Thisisbecausethereceiverswill not receive a constant signal for 30 seconds, as the fast moving vehicles will surpass the receiving range of any receiverthat’saccumulatingthesignal,withinthetimeframe of30seconds[21].

STEP3 (ACCIDENTHAPPENS)(TIME=0Seconds)(NOALERT)

Fig 5: ACCIDENTHAPPENED0SECS

Assume a situation that weather is foggy at night and visibilityisverypoor.Nowsupposeanaccidenthappens,i.e., acarcollideswiththedivideroracarbumpintoanotheror

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

avehicleskidandtopplesduetoaslipperyroad.Thevehicle willremainstrandedonthecarriagewayuntilitisclearedby theauthorities,ifitisrenderedunmotorable.Thevehicles cominginitsdirectionatagapof15minutesareunawareof thecalamitythathappened Duetolowvisibility,itisvery difficultforthemtoseeitunlesstheyreachveryneartoit. Veryhigh speedvehiclesareoftenliabletocollidewiththe debrisoftheaccidentvictimvehicleoranyotherobstruction [22].Inthissituationif“RAAS”isinstalled,thesignalbeing emitted by the broken car’s transmitter is grabbed by the sensor’sreceiverinwhoseradiusthecarfalls.Fornext14 seconds even if the receiver is getting a signal, it will not triggerthealert.Thisisprogrammedsobecausethereare chancesthatacarstopsforsomeintentionalpurpose.

STEP4 (ACCIDENT HAPPENED) (TIME = 30 Seconds) (ALERT ISSUED)

vicinitytherehasbeenanaccidentandhe/sheispronetoa multiplepileupsituation.Initsresponsehewillvoluntarily slowdownverygraduallyandmoveatapaceinwhichitwill bepossibleforthedrivertoseeandstopimmediatelyifthe obstruction comes Infront of it. In this way there is very heavypossibilitythatthedriverwhoviewedthealertwillbe savedfromcollidingintothepreviousaccidentalvehicle.

Fig 6: ACCIDENTHAPPENED30SECS

Nowsupposethereisanactualaccident.Acarcollidedinthe sideboundaryandislayingonthepavement.Thecarisin the radius of a receiver is continuously catching a signal whichisbeingtransmittedbythebrokencar.Thetimeframe of 30 seconds gets over and the same signal is being still recordedbythereceiver[23].Thesystemwillautomatically assessthatsomekindofobstructionispresentatthatroad whichcanbehazardoustothehigh speedtrafficfollowing back.Thesensorwillinitiatethecircuittotriggeranalertby activating the high frequency SOS lights installed in the street light head section. Alert lights of half a kilometer backwardswillbeactivated.Thiswillbeanotificationtothe laggingtrafficthatsomedangerisahead[24].

STEP5 (TRAFFICNOTIFIEDCONDITION)(ALERTISSUED)

Afterthealertsystemisactivated,itisnormalforupcoming commuterstojudgethealertasawarningsign.Anydriver whoseesthealertlightiscautionedthatinhalfakilometer

Fig 7: TRAFFICNOTIFIEDCONDITION

3. MECHANISM

Radio Frequency (RF) Transmitter (TX) & Receiver (RX), canbecustomizedforanyfrequencyorRange.Normal434 MHzfrequencyradiowavescanworkinalldirectionsuptoa range of 100 m (means surrounding). If encoder and decodersbeusedwiththesereceiversandtransmitters,we cangetsimplifieddataforupsidegoingtrafficandsimilarly forthedownsidetrafficaswell.Whenthecarismoving,it continuously transmits a certain frequency wave which is receivedbythereceiverspresentinthepole.Thisprocess willcontinuewhenthecarkeepsmovingbutwhenitstops onorbetweenanypolethenthereceiverstartsdecodingthe encodeddatasentbytransmittermodule.Thenfinallyifthe datastreakcontinuesfor30seconds,atimercircuitanda digitalcontrolcircuittriggersanalertbylightinguptheSOS lifeofnext10poles.Thiswillalertthevehiclescomingfrom behind.

Fig 8: CircuitblockdiagramforPole(Receiver)

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S.NO. COMPONENTS SPECIFICATON QUANTITY COSTINR 1 PCB (Printedcircuit board)

3.825” Length 1.6” Width 1 300/ 2 SUPPLY(Adapter) 12V 1 200/ 3 REGULARTORIC 5V(7805) 1 20/ 4 MOSFET P5506 1 30/

TABLE -3: COSTBREAKUP 5 TRANSMITOR BC(547) 2 30/ 6 IC NE555 1 20/ 7 CD 4060 1 40/ 8 CD 4013 1 40/ 9 CAPACITOR A)(ELECTROLYTE)47µF/25V B)(CEREMIC)0.1µF 4 3 20/ 15/ 10 RESISTANCE 22KΩ 10KΩ 2.2KΩ 330KΩ 330Ω 1KΩ 470KΩ 1MΩ

150/

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

7 5 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 ZENORDIDODE 1mV(4148) 4 20/ 12 CONNECTOR 12V(FEMALE) 1 20/ 13 BATTERY 9V 1 30/ 14 WIRINGHARNESS 200/ 15 LEDLIGHT(SOS) GREENLIGHT 5 150/ IRMODULE(INR) QUANTITYUSED INMODEL AMOUNT RECIEVER(POLE) 200/ 5 1000 TRANSMITTER(CAR) 20/ 1 20 TOTAL AMOUNT OF MODEL 2,305/-

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6. CONCLUSIONS

The project completed its task of preliminary design of a much-neededsafetyandalertsystemforIndianroads,that can be used to mitigate the problem of multiple accidents andmultivehiclepileupsduetoreducedvisibilitybecause of fog or mist. Due to lack of resources for grand level implementationatsuchanovicelevel,full-fledgedtesting andefficiencydatacannotbeproduced.Theproject,“Road Accidental Alert System”, accomplished its purpose of becomingaprototypeandsettingupabasefordevelopment of a system in future that can be immensely effective in preventing accidents due to such petty issues of low visibility.Whichcanbeavoidedbylittlescientifichardwork, and if possible, would be able to eradicate a category of causeofaccidentinthetableofcausesofaccident.

7. Future Scope

“Fleeting of time leaves behind a trail of Advancement in innovation”.Withthisinmindthereisahopethat,theareas whereimprovementcanbedoneinthisprojectare:-

Findingawaytomakeitaone-waysystembyremovingthe carmodule.

Thiscanbedonebyusinginnovativetechnologyinsensors andmotionandstaticdetection.

Integrating it to GPS navigation to automate frequency switchissues.

Designingradiationsegregatorstoreducewaveinterference.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

WearehighlythankfultoDepartmentofCivilEngineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology for providingthehelpforthiswork.

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