Demand Side management of smart grid using IoT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

Demand Side management of smart grid using IoT

Saniya Momin1 , Dr.S.S. Deshpande2

1Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli, Maharashtra 2Prof. Dept. of Electronics Engineering, Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli, Maharashtra ***

Abstract This paper focuses on demand side management (DSM) using smart grid using IoT technology. DSM is an important function in smart to manage electricity. DSM attains energy conservation and utilization, energy usage efficiency enrichment and saves costthroughinformationtechnology.The mainpartofour work is fabrication of cost effective based on Demand side management using IoT technology smart grid which displays readings on OLED, Instant Power consumption from each user, sends and receive information from grid through cloud computing. The power consumption continuously monitored and recorded through webserver. A specific load will be provided to each user, if the load exceeds the particular limit, then it will record the readings on webserver andelectricity for that specific user will be cut off. Domestic level Energy Management unit is designed for easy monitoring and control of house hold appliances.

Key words: Smart Grid, Demand Side Management (DSM), Cloud Computing.

1. Introduction

Electricity is a vital element in today’s economic development and national growth of the country. Over thepastnumerousdecades,electricenergystructurehas encountered stressed circumstances because of ever growing energy demand, inefficient use of electric energy generation and transmission resources. Transmission line outage were a common motive of stress condition, which might be viable to occur throughoutpeakhours.Thiskindofeventswhichwillbe thereasontosupplylimitsituationwhereloadshedding, cascading failures and blackouts are possible. Emerging challenges, such as old infrastructure, increase in demand and growing carbon emission are driving conventionalpowergridtowardssmartgrid.[1]

1.1 Smart Grid

Thesmartgridisthetechnologywhichwillincorporates information and communications methods will change the infrastructure, electricity generation, transmission and consumption. Today’s centralised power system is smart grid like centralised electricity grid which will

generate, distribute and regulate flow of electricity to eachuser.[2]

The Feedback loop of communication in fig 1 is a strengthofsmartgrid.

Fig 1 Smartgrid

1.2 Demand Side Management

Demand side Management (DSM) is an arising field in theenergyindustry.mileagecompaniesaredecreasingly espousingitaspartoftheirsweatstocontroltheircosts and reduce the impact of energy dearth’s on their nethermost lines. DSM is alsoeffectiveincontrolling the implicit adverse goods of power cuts during peak hours ofthedayandincaseofhighchargesortrafficofelectric grids. These factors can lead to advanced costs and vexation to the end druggies, especially during weekendsandatout peakhours.

The complications in smart grid are partly tackled through demand side management (DSM). This method will bring down the pressure on grid along with electricity bills. DSM resource to the users to make desireconcerninguseofelectricitythatiswhenandhow muchtouse.DSMhassome regionsofimpactwhichare loadshiftingandloadreduction.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

Implementing DSM algorithm substantially relies on two waycommunicationamongtheutilityandenduser. The end user willingness to reduce/shift their power consumption. Power generation can be averted through shifting power usage from peak hours to off peak hours sothatcostofproductiongetsreduced.[3 4]

There are six types of DSM technique methods for different users for load shaping and they are load shifting, valley filling, strategic conversation, peak clipping, strategic load growth and flexible load shape. Load shifting is nothing but the load shift from on peak tooffpeakhoursandtheadvantageofloadshiftingisto lowerthecostandpeakdemand.[5]

Electricity charge relates at the power consumption of the users. In electricity market, The DSM has the essential role. As demands increases the cost of electricity also increase. The increase in electricity cost will change the whole users in power system. By lowering the peak to average ratio, DSM regulates the powercostinelectricitymarket.[6]

A DSM approach for domestic level users based on totally on load shifting approach is proposed here. The idea of behind this method is primarily based on users loadprecedenceandcomfortpreferences.DSMallowsin managing and controlling power consumption on the basisofelectricitysupply [7]

1.3 Cloud Computing

Discussing about Cloud computing, it is nothing but the computersystemresourcewhichisavailableondemand of user. It is mainly used for data storage and power computing. They are distributed over different locations and each location has its own data centre. Cloud computing which consists Storage, server, databases, networkingsoftwarewhichworksovertheinternet.[8]

To use Clouds, first determine what kind of cloud needs tobeusedsotherearethreetypesofcloudsaccordingto their architecture and services that is public cloud, private cloud and Hybrid cloud and their services are likeIaaS(Infrastructureassservice),PaaS(Platformasa service)andSaaS(Softwareasaservice).[9 10]

Fig 2 Cloudservicesmodel

2. Related Work

We have studied several research paper Based on Demandsidemanagements inElectricityandsmartgrid andanalyseddifferentaspects.

A research paper based on a demand side management in smart grid based on ECC unit, we have pointed that ECC unit runs on a distributed algorithm which reduces peakloadinbytransferringshiftableloadsfromoff peak hourswithon peakhours[1].

Another research paper, we have studied about Intelligent demand side management in smart grid. This model is based on GUI (Graphical User Interface). GUI will be used to monitor, power consumption and calculateinstantaneouscostofusers[2].

Someresearch papershows theirimpacton aspectsuch as overcome electric power stress through demand side management. This paper focuses the fabrication of the cost based on smart meters which displays reading on LCD and monitor power consumption then sends and receivesinformationfromgridusingGSMmodule[3].

Demonstrated new scheme to stabilize power usage in smart grid. As Demand response management in smart grid is imperative which gives proper shape to the total loadindemandside[4].

During this paper, we got to know few more benefits of smart grid and involvement of government in some countries. We also studied advance smart meters which recordenergyusageandprovideittotheusers[5]

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

Inthispaper,westudiedaboutthepathofthesmartgrid which involves challenges in smart grid and solution upon it which tells how to reduce cost of the consumptionandstabilizethereadings[6].

Thepartofthispaperaimstoprovideenergysystemsso thatresearcherdecisionmakerswillgetproperguidance to underlying drivers of consumers acceptance of the Smartgridandsomestepsforsmartgrid[7].

TheConsumerscanchooseon peakshoursformaximum use of power on residential purpose in way to reduce energy bills so that they can use power in those peak hours[8].

Intheresearchpaper on cloudcomputing tellsthatfirst cloud services were introduces by Amazon in 2006. Cloudcomputingitthelifetimedreamofcomputingasa utility which has the capacity to convert a huge part of the IT company and making software even more attractive as a service and shaping the IT hardware is designed and purchased. Inventors with new invention ideas for new internet services no longer bear the huge capital expenses in tackle to emplace their service or mortalexpendituretooperateit.

Cloud working out is the delivery of computing services suchasservers,storage,database,networking,software, analytics, intelligence, and more, over the Cloud (Internet). The well known Cloud services are Amazon webservices,GooglecloudplatformandMicrosoftAzure [9].

It aims to make and read sophisticated service terrain with important computing capabilities through an array of fairly low cost computing reality, and using the advanced deployment models like SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS (Platform as a Service), IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), HaaS (Hardware as a Service) to distribute the important computing capacity toend users.Thispaperwillexplorethebackgroundand service models and also presents the being exploration issues and counteraccusations in cloud computing such assecurity,reliability,sequestration,andsoon[10].

3. Proposed Methodology

The idea behind this system is to design and implement thedemandsidemanagementsystem withuserfriendly interface and control the functionalities for energy provider and load controllers that collects energy utilizationdatafromtheuserandperformcontrolbased on webserver by using Energy sensor The residential users do not have time to perform Demand response manually. So, the IoT based system plays a vital role in executing the automated demand response within an

area. Each user’s loads are used and the corresponding priority is adjusted based on the priority of the loads. Eachloadisconnectedthroughrelays.Loadcurtailment request will be received by the relays, and they ensure the total power consumption below the specified demand limit. The proposed DSM system allows the home owner to use their loads when needed as long as the total domestic power consumption remains under thespecifiedlimit.

In proposed system, the Energy sensor, Webserver and data base view will be used to monitor and control appliances status and power consumption. To control the user’s energy usage, Time of Use based pricing scheme is used here. The power consumed in the off peak time costs less as compared to the peak hours. Power consumption cost per unit in peak hours is greaterthantheperunitpriceinoff peakhours.

Therequestpowersignalfromeachuserissendthrough communication module. This communication module is usedtofetchpowerconsumptiondatafromalltheusers and provide an interface for users to regain appliances status and review their power consumption. The Webserver contains data to monitor and control the powerconsumption.

Fig- 3- BlockDiagram

Themainpurposeofthesystemistodesignanddevelop Demand side management system which will be user friendlyandcontrol energyproviderandcontroller.The Electricity from Energy corporation will send to individual N Users according to their need and peak time. Energy sensor will measure Voltage, current and power being consumed by each user. User interface is used to Monitor and control user’s status and power consumption.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

ThePZEM 004TEnergysensorwillgivevoltage,Current and power value and ESP 32 Microcontroller will monitor Voltage and current and sends and received informationontheGridandtodisplaydataforeachuser OLEDisused.Thepowertransmissionandconsumption records for each user will be collected using Cloud computing.Therequestsignalfromuserissendthrough communication module This will collect electrical power consumption data from all the loads and providing an interface for users to regain appliances statusandreviewtheirpowerconsumption.

4. Algorithm

Demand Side Management Strategy developed to meet thecapacityprovidedbytheutility.Theflowchartofthe proposed strategy as shown in fig 3 First read the voltage, current and power of each user from Energy sensor and monitor it with the help of microcontroller andsendittothewebserver’sData base. Thencalculate thetotalpower(P)ofeachuser.Thepowerconsumption limit is given as decision value (Z). Then take the difference between decision value and absolute power. AccordingtoValueloadcontroldifferencesarepossible.

The difference is above decision value then relays will turnofoffalongwiththatsupplytoextensionwillbecut off so that appliances value will not reach till energy sensor that means when value exceeds decision value thewholeuserwillstopworkingbecauseitisconsuming moreenergythanrequired.

Start

ReadV,IandPofeachuser frommicrocontroller

SendDatatoWeb server

Separate V, I and P

CalculatetheTotalPowerofeach userandinstantaneousterrif

Definepowerlimitas decisionvalue

Calculatethedifferencebetween thedecisionvalue(Z)andthetotal power(P) If Z>P

Permitsallloads Cuttheloadstomeet thelimit

End

Fig 4 Flowchart

5. Result and Discussion

The Hardware result is discussed here as the input to each user will be provided with domestic level power. Energysensorwillcalculatefiveparameterslikevoltage, Current, Power, Frequency and power factor for each userrespectively.

The energy providers have some limit value which is taken as the decision value. With the help of ESP32 microcontroller and webserver total power will be calculated and get compared with decision value. When this decision value (Z) is less than the total power consumption of each user, then curtailment is done to

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

meet the decision value and that will be stored on webserver.

projected DSM Strategy and also the profit in their electricitybills.

7. REFERENCES

[1] A. Mahmood, M. N. Ullah, S. Razzaq, A. Basit, U. Mustafa1, M. Naeem, N. Javaid, “A New Scheme for Demand Side Management in Future Smart Grid Networks” 5th International Conference on Ambient Systems,NetworksandTechnologies(ANT 2014).

[2] Anjana S. P, Angel T. S, “Intelligent Demand Side ManagementforResidentialUsersinaSmartMicro grid” 2017 IEEE International Conference on Technological AdvancementsinPowerandEnergy(TAPEnergy)

Fig 5 HardwareImplementation

Heretwocasesareconsidered.

Case1:WhenZ<P

If power consumption by one of the users is greater than the decision value that times curtailment takes place.

Case2:WhenZ>P

If power consumption by one of the users is lesser than the decision value and if the decision value is greater, then there will be no curtailment will take place. The system allowsalltheloads.

6. Conclusion

The Demand side Management system with demand response plays a most vital role in effectively managing the wastage of power on the consumer side. This paper presentsabetterwaytomanagethepowerconsumption of residential users. This Demand Side Management system for demand response applications might effectivelymanageandcontroltheoperationofassorted appliances to manage overall consumption below a threshold.

The proposed DSM takes under consideration each load priorityanduserpreferenceswithIoTtechnologywhich is used for this method. Thus, the work provides an affordable,flexible,user friendly,andverysecuredesign for implementing a Demand side Management System. Hardware results indicate the effectiveness of the

[3] Misbah Rani1, Fareeha Ramzan1, Atif Javed1, Adil Farooq2, Tahir Nadeem Malik1, “Smart Grid Implementation to Overcome Electric Power System Stress Conditions through Demand Response in Pakistan”2016IEEE.

[4]J.MatsumotoandZ.Wende,"NewDemandResponse in Architecture for Stabilization of Power Quality in Smart Grid," in IEEE International Conference on Information, Communication and Signal Processing, 2013,pp.1 5

[5] G. De Smedt and M. Adonis, “Smart Meter for Renewable Energy Microgrid Island” April 2014, ResearchGatepublication.

[6]H.Farhangi,“Thepathofthesmartgrid,”IEEEPower EnergyMag.,vol.8,no.1,pp.18 28,Jan.2010.

[7] Brandon Davito, Humayun Tai, and Robert Uhlaner, “The smart grid and the promise of demand side management.” McKinsey& Company Publishers, pp. 38 44,Dec.2009.

[8] Yi Liu, Chau Yuen, Shisheng Huang, Naveed Ul Hassan, Xiumin Wang, ShengliXie, “Peak to Average Ratio Constrained Demand Side Management with Consumer’s Preference in Residential Smart Grid,” IEEE Journal on selected topics in Signal processing, vol.8, no.6,pp.1084 1097,Dec.2014.

[9]Mrs.Ashwini Sheth,Mr. SachinBhosale,Mr.Harshad Kadam, “Research Paper on Cloud computing” Contemporary Research in India (ISSN 2231 2137): SPECIALISSUE:APRIL,2021

[10] M. Rajendra Prasad, R. Lakshman Naik, V. Bapuji, “Cloud Computing: Research Issues and Implications” International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science(IJ CLOSER)Vol.2,No.2,April2013,pp.134~140 ISSN:2089 3337