A Literature Survey on Vaccine safe Health Tracker based on blockchain technology by IRJET Journal

ALiterature Survey on Vaccine safe Health Tracker based on blockchain technology

Mandal, Hardik Singh, Abhishek, Prof. Keerthi S

Department

Abstract We present a method for immutability and data integrity of vaccination registration using blockchain technology, preventing identity theft and impersonation. Using this project, a vaccination system is designed to connect healthcare providers' vaccination records with each other for data storage purposes. Anyone with authorization to participate in the network could access the data of beneficiaries, including colleges funded by boththefederalandstategovernments.

Vaccine producers define safe handling rules and Smart Contracts are used to monitor and trade off those rules in accordance with the distribution conditions. Network labels are used to identify the networks involved as well. There are transparent and tamper-proof solutions for self reporting side effects of vaccine administration, taking into account both the beneficiary and the administrator.

Keywords (Blockchain, Vaccine, Distribution system, smartContract,Networks,MedicalRecords)

I. INTRODUCTION

In spite of these long standing benefits, immunization levels remain low. Twenty million children are not vaccinated every year. As a result, many of the most vulnerable and poorest children often those most in need of vaccinations remain largely unvaccinated. Some liveinremoteareas,incountriesaffectedbyconflict,orin countrieswherepoliostillexists.

We present a method for immutability and data integrity of vaccination registration using blockchain technology, preventing identity theft and impersonation. Using this project, a vaccination system is designed to connect healthcareproviders'vaccinationrecordsfordata storage purposes.Anyonewithauthorizationtoparticipateinthe network could access the data of beneficiaries, including colleges funded by both the federal and state governments.

By storing information on the blockchain, it is very difficult or impossible to hack, change, or cheat the

system. In essence, a blockchain is a distributed ledger of encrypted transactions that is duplicated across the networksofcomputersontheblockchain,andavailableto thepublic.

Vaccine producers define safe handling rules and Smart Contracts are used to monitor and trade off those rules under the distribution conditions. The networks involved are also identified using network labels. There are transparent and tamper proof solutions for self reportingsideeffectsofvaccineadministration,takinginto accountboththebeneficiaryandtheadministrator.

II. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION

Gettingtherightvaccinesintotherightpeopleattheright time is, unsurprisingly, proved to be a challenge. The recent pandemic gives the ground check about this harsh reality. Common issues to be tackled in Vaccine Distribution are Vaccine wastage, Mixing of doses, and No proper track of side effects. Vaccine wastage is one of the expected outcomes for any large vaccination drive held. But vaccine wastage also fuels unneeded procurement over here.which canalsoeventually inflate the demand of vaccines.

III. LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] Blockchain Technology in Healthcare by MatthiasMettler

Although most projects have been focused on financial services. mainly the projects are in healthcare and other service related areas. Blockchain has many potential applications in healthcare, e.g., in managing public health, medical research typically based on personal patient data, and drug counterfeiting. Existing technology shows the need for third parties to run the market. Blockchain holds the potential to disrupt the healthcare market and significantly affect power balances between players. With the ability to eliminate data intermediaries, newpossibilitiesemerge whenitcomesto integrating the healthcaremarket.

Vishalkumar of Computer Science and Engineering Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

***

[2] A Blockchain based Electronic Medical Health Records Framework using Smart Contracts by Vardhini B, Shreyas N Dass, Sahana R, and Dr.R.Chinnaiyan

The country's medical services have been plagued by issues pertaining mostly to referrals from doctors, interoperability of medical data, and patient access to medical records. All stakeholders participated in the development of the Electronic Health Record Framework for Blockchain, which addressed these issues. This paper examines how medical records are kept secure and how they are linked. In the past, healthcare interoperability focused mainly on the sharing of data between businesses, such as different hospital systems. By deploying the EHR through the Blockchain, access and authority issues are mitigated. It may be possible to determine who is involved in the transactions, which could jeopardize their confidentiality. By making it possible to quickly access medical records during an emergency, the system could be improved. Several disease specific structures could be modeled on established standards or modified to fit specificconditions.

[4] A Study of Blockchain Technologies and Health Care Systems by Dr. B. Arunkumar, Mr. T. Mohanraj, Mr.S.ShahulHammed,andDr.R.Santhosh.

With blockchain, both end users can have a sense of trust between each other. Blockchain technology is becoming increasingly popular in management value creation through decentralized approaches. A major advantage of BC is that it can track errors; it's the nature of the application. Blockchain technology being new, it must be molded to match the user or organization or enterprise needs. Surely, Blockchain will lead to a buzzing future in whichtheworldwillbetransformed.Certainly,itwilltake time for many of them to adopt this new technique, but it will take some time for the Blockchain technique to gain popularity among individuals and enterprises around the world.

[5] Sharing Health and Wellness Data with Blockchain and SmartContractsbyP.Rangel,and J.Kleinschmidt.

[3]

A Secure and Scalable Data Source for Emergency Medical Care using Blockchain TechnologybyShirinHasavari,andYeong_TaeSong

Factorssuchasthetimeittakesforemergencypatientsto reach hospitals and the inability to access critical patient data are related to the death rate of emergency patients. As part of the patient care cycle, many different healthcare settings collect lots of medical information using disparate record management systems. During patients'movebetweenclinicsandmedicalfacilities,this paper describes secure file transfer methods and blockchaintechnology,whichcollectEmergencyrelevant medical data, documenting that patient's medical history andprovidinga continuous data source.Prehospital care can be provided at a high level by ambulance crews. As part of efforts to create a comprehensive view of emergency medical data, they have combined FTPS file transfer tools with a hyper ledger Fabric blockchain. Patients' data is stored using chains as they move between clinics. Only the doctor or relevant clinical staff canmakechangestothedata.

Increasing longevity and concern about aging well has increasedtheavailabilityofhealthandwellnessdata.Itis not possible to ensure the application of existing standards due to their complexity and the lack of adherence by the agents involved. Blockchain technology offers an alternative for unifying standards and implementingthemthroughaconsensusalgorithm,which takes into account the validation and secrecy of insertion of each block. Architecture for blockchain based consensus is proposed in this paper that includes data collected in the health and wellness ecosystem, including data collected by IoT devices which are later stored in middlewareplatforms.

[6] OptimizingVaccineDistributionforDifferentAge Groups of Population Using DE Algorithm by XiaoMinHu, and JunZhang

In terms of stopping epidemics, vaccination protects the most vulnerable populations and reduces the number of susceptible populations with non Vaccinated that are exposed to the virus. Aiming to reduce the number of infectious people by distributing vaccines to different populations is important for public health. Inthis paper, an algorithm known as DE is proposed for finding the optimal distribution strategy. It helps in distributing the limitedvaccinestodifferentagegroups.Intheliterature, therearevariousapproachestoprioritizingtheproblem. This paper states the DE algorithm can achieve the best result.InordertotesttheDEalgorithmandproveitsbest

place, aseries ofsimulationswererun.DE algorithmto solve the vaccine distribution problem was found to be verypromising.

[7] Blockchain Based Solution for Distribution and DeliveryofCOVID 19VaccinesbyAHMADMUSAMIH,

RAJA JAYARAMAN, KHALED SALAH, HAYA R. HASAN, IBRARYAQOOB,andYOUSOFAL-HAMMADI

Platforms and systems currently used to manage data about COVID 19 vaccines'distributionanddeliveryfail to provide transparency, track ability and traceability, immutability,auditability,andtrustworthiness.Duetothe storage centralization, there is also the possibility of a single point of failure. COVID 19 vaccine distribution and delivery processes are hindered by these limitations. Developing an Ethereum blockchain based distribution and delivery management system for COVID 19 vaccines is the focus of this paper. To deal with large and non critical data, they tried to integrate the Ethereum blockchain with the following off chain storage. Data provenance and recording of events related to COVID 19 vaccine distribution and delivery were made possible by smart contracts. Checked the smart contract for security vulnerabilities to make sure that it is robust. Diverse blockchain solutions built on different platforms can causeinteroperabilityproblems.

[8] Blockchain Technology towards Identity Management in Health Care Application by Marc PeterDeisenroth

Overthepastdecade,therehasbeenagrowinginterestin automatedlearningincontrolandrobotics,becausedata driven learning drastically reduces the requirement for engineers. RL approaches are practical limitations of autonomous reinforcement systems, such as robotics systems where many interactions are time consuming or impractical.Whenaddressingthisissue,atypicallearning approach would include expert demonstrations, realistic simulators,pre shapedpolicies,orin depthknowledgeof the dynamics involved. This paper takes a different approach to speed up learning by using data mining to extract more information from data. A nonparametric probabilistic model of system transitions based on the Gaussian transition theory is derived. Model errors, a major concern in model based learning, are significantly reduced by explicitly incorporating model uncertainty into long term planning and controller learning. In contrast to state of the art RL, our model based policy

search method achieves an unparalleled speed of learning. Inordertodemonstratehowthemethodcanbeappliedto autonomous learning, it is applied to real robots and controltasks.

[9]

A Consent Model for Blockchain Based Health DataSharingPlatformsbyVIKASJAIMANANDVISARA

UROVI

Modern healthcare systems rely on electronic health recordstoprovidequalitycareandfacilitateawiderange of health services. By creating a distributed network of trust, the blockchain facilitates data sharing by enabling individuals to consent to the sharing of their health data. Information is accessible without requiring the time or resources of specific actors (such as the health services).Data governance mechanisms are of utmost importanceonblockchain based platformsbecauseofthe necessity to define and monitor data sharing and use conditions.Toenabledatarequesterstosearchandaccess health data using smart contracts, the article presents a modelofcontrollingaccesstoindividualhealthdatabased on blockchain technology. This paper proposes a new individual consent model to facilitate health data sharing usingtheEthereumblockchain.Variousscenariosfordata sharingaretestedusingthis technology. We wereable to demonstrate that data requesters could make flexible decisions over the use of their data by following this model as it respects each individual's consent. Our experimental evaluation of the model showed that it is efficient and adaptable to a variety of data sharing scenarios.

[10]

“Secured Inter Healthcare Patient Health Records Exchange Architecture” by Oluwaseyi Ajayi, MeryemAbouali,andTarekSaadawi

The numberofcyberattacksonhealthcare providershas increaseddrasticallyinrecentyears,notablybreachesof electronic health records (EHRs). Researchers have proposed using firewalls, cryptography, and cloud antivirus to secure health records. Health systems are planningtocreateconsortiumrepositoriesofEHRsinthe coming years. It becomes crucial to maintain integrity andconsistencyinsharedEHRsdespitetheeffectiveness andpracticalityoftheseapproachesforprotectingEHRs. Separate blockchain networks maintain the records of each healthcare provider. We propose a secure and scalable EHR exchange forinter healthcare.Detectand preventmaliciousactivityonelectronichealthrecordsin

transit and at rest with the proposed architecture. The results showed that healthcare systems are vulnerable to both external and internal threats. This architecture isusedtodetectpotentialinsiderthreatsandtoprevent them from uploading compromising EHRs to the blockchain.

[11] “Sharing Medical Questionnaires based on Blockchain” byMinGyuKim.

Questionnaires provided by hospitals play an important role in evaluating a patient's health.Through the use of blockchain characteristics, we propose a method to ensure the integrity of medical questionnaires by using a systembasedontheblockchain.Sincethissystemisbased onhealthlevel7interoperabilityresources,itsdatacanbe accessed by other systems. As well as improving the quality of healthcare services, this study focuses on improvementofpatientlifelonghealthfromtheresultsof medical questionnaires, as well as improving the security ofpatientmedicalrecords.

[12] “A Blockchain-based Architecture Framework for Secure Sharing of Personal Health Data” by SandroAmofa.

Researchers have been studying and analyzing health information exchange's advantages for years. Despite their utility in increasing provider efficiency and decreasing administrative costs, data owners' inability to control dataaftertransmissionhaslongbeenachallenge. Health and medical institutions would be limited in their participation if technical mechanisms did not exist to control patient health data on networks, Simultaneously insulate data from inherent benefits by using silo based datamanagement.Patients'qualityoflifeisalsoadversely affectedbythelack ofdata forresearchandanalysis.The HIE uses a blockchain based architecture framework to control personal data in addition to user generated acceptableusepolicies.Wediscussthesystem'sstrengths and its user centric design, as well as the results of experiments and potential directions for future research. The framework ensures minimal risk to data by having a mechanism for controlling data after it is shared. Health careproviderscanbenefit byadopting ourframework by gainingastrongerguaranteefordatamanagement.

[13] “Identity Verification and Management of Electronic Health Records with Blockchain Technology”byYihengLiang.

We have designed a blockchain network that canverify an individual's identity and share electronic health records. These systems facilitate the authentication of patients' identities, ease of access to electronic health records, and easysharingofinformationsoastoprotecttheinformation oftheirclients.

[14] “Blockchain for 5G Healthcare architecture” by KhalimjonKhujamatov

Thisarticlediscussestheprospectsforintroducing5Gand blockchain technology to the healthcare system. Modern technology is transforming all aspects of life, including healthcare. This study examines the major shortcomings in the healthcare system, the benefits of integrating 5G, blockchain, and related technologies, and the barriers to achieving these benefits. A blockchain based 5G healthcare architecture is what we propose basedonourfindings.

[15] Utilization of the Blockchain Network in The Public Community Health Center Medicine Supply Chain”byHartantoKumiawan

Despite the establishment of official distribution channels for medicines, counterfeit medicines continue to circulate within the community. A variety of factors contribute to the spread of counterfeit medicines, including marketing strategies, consumer behavior, and distribution oversight. Blockchaintechnologyhasshownpowerfulbreakthroughs forovercomingtheseproblemsthankstoitsimmutability, transparency, and decentralization. We describe in this paper a new way of managing the supply of medicines to public community health centers in Indonesia based on blockchain. By using JMeter, we measured thetransaction rate, latency, and resource utilization of the proposed system.

[16] “Health Monitoring and Analysis using IPFS and Blockchain”byHarshitSunilkumarSingh.

InIndia,thereiscurrentlynosysteminplacethatprovides asecureandsystematicplatformforcitizenstostoretheir medical records. In this study, we develop a system that can be used both for storing records, as well as for performing analyses and producing output via data mining, whichcanbeused bymultipleagencies,including government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and

academic institutions. Blockchain and IPFS have the potential to revolutionize the medical field. When these two technologies are combined with the architecture modelinthispaper,theproblemofsecuritybreachescan typically be overcome by most countries' health record systems.

[17] “Converging Blockchain and Machine LearningforHealthcare”bySonaliVyas.

In numerous fields, Machine Learning has shown its importance for making accurate predictions and decisions based on data patterns. To gain insights into data patterns, makeaccuratedecisions,andunderstand them, there is a requirement for sufficient data.Decentralized databases are integral to machine learning, as they facilitate data sharing as well as providing reliable data. Blockchain technology ensures that data is securely andlegitimatelyrecordeddueto consensus.Inthispaper,we demonstratehowusing the combination of blockchain technology and machine learning can improve healthcare by producing highly accurateresults.

[18] “Bitcoin: APeer to PeerElectronicCashSystem” bySatoshiNakamoto.

Paying directly to counterparts could become possible throughpeer to peerelectroniccashtransactionswithout involving a financial institution. When a trusted third party is absent, digital signatures offer partial relief from double spending,buttheirbenefitsare not fully realized. According to the authors, peer to peer networks may help prevent double spending. Exchange records are hash hash, so reworking proofs of work is not feasible since exchange records are hash hash. By calculating the chain's length, we can also determine the computing power being used to determine when each event occurred.Nodesleaveandrejointhenetworkatanytime, aslongastheybroadcastmessagesoverthenetworkand accept the longest proof of work chain as evidence that somethingtookplacewhiletheywereaway.

[19] “Ethereum: A secure decentralized generalized transactionledger”byDr.Gavinwood

Accordingtothispaper itis anintroduced,explainedand formalized protocol that underlies Ethereum. It describes how to become a node on the network of Ethereum and become a member of a decentralized, secure social network. Rules of interaction can be specified

algorithmicallyandautonomouslyviacontracts.

[20] “How blockchain timestamped protocols could improve the trustworthiness of medical science” by GregIrving,andJohnHolden

Itissuggestedthattime stampedblockchainprotocolscan be used to describe a protocol's exact language in the present. Many predefined outcomes are capable of being automatically verified while maintaining very high reliability. Providing proof of prespecified endpoints within trialprotocolscanbeachievedbyusingblockchain. A protocol for switching outcomes was employed in this study after conducting studies empirically on such an approach. In this study, the author discusses how blockchain can be used for auditing and ensuring the credibility of scientific studies in a cost effective, independentlyverifiableway.

[21] “An Overview of the Emerging Technology: Blockchain”byRishavChatterjee,Rajdeep Chatterjee. An overview of blockchain is presented in this paper. Hence,itlooksasthoughitwillhavebenefitsforboththe financial and non financial sectors. The system also solves security, reliability, and shared knowledge problems,aswellasfacilitatingknowledgesharing.Since its inception, this technology has proved popular. Furtherresearchinthisareaisindicatedinthe paper.In ordertoimprove the efficiency ofthesystem, it must be examinedandtheweaknessesminimized.

[22] “Supply Chain Management based on Blockchain: A Systematic Mapping Study” by Rishav Youness Tribis, Abdelali El Bouchti, Houssine Bouayad

An analysis of Supply Chain Management applications that utilize blockchain technology is presented in this paper. A set of research questions guided this study, which aimed to examine research trends, open topics, andimprovementgaps withinthis discipline.Among the findings was the importance of digital identity tracking systems.

Blockchainsareusedtotracesupplychains.SupplyChain Management subjects include agricultural supply chains, supply chain quality management, product ownership management, and purchasing and supply management. The topics are chosen to study, address current

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume:09Issue:06 | June 2022

challengesandprovidesolutions.

Developing blockchain based solutions to supply chain challenges. Although many framework based solutions have been proposed, few provide true performance evaluation.

[23] “Secure Attribute-Based Signature Scheme With Multiple Authorities for Blockchain in Electronic Health Records Systems” by RUI GUO, HUIXIANSHI,QINGLANZHAO,ANDDONGZHENG.

A blockchain based electronic healthcare record system aims to preserve patient privacy. In this paper, an Effective Attribute Based Signature scheme is proposed thatensuresanonymityandimmutabilityoftransactions while meeting the needs of the blockchain structure. In addition to communicating keys between authorities, privatekeysmustalsobeprovidedtopatients.Privacyis provided by protocols that cannot be forged. The comparisonanalysisdemonstratesthattheperformance andtherefore thecost of thisprotocol increases linearly with the number of authorities and patient characteristics.

[24] “MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data AccessandPermissionManagement”byAsaphAzaria, ArielEkblaw,ThiagoVieiraandAndrewLippman.

The paper uses block chain technology to develop MedRec. This illustrates how decentralization can be applied to data management in an EMR system. Authors demonstrated that interoperability, and accessibility to medical records can be achieved by using a comprehensive log. Designed for record flexibility and granularity. MedRec enables the sharing of data and incentive systems to encourage researchers to sustain medical research. In addition to exploring the economics of mining medical research data, the authors are enthusiastic about providing an onboarding procedure for medical research "miners.”. Local healthcare organizations could partner and simulations of aspects of systemefficiencycouldbeconductedinthewild.

[25] “A Blockchain-based Medical Data Sharing and Protection Scheme” by XIAOGUANG LIU, ZIQING WANG,CHUNHUAJIN,FAGENLI,andGAOPINGLI.

Blockchaintechnologyhasmanycharacteristicsthatmake it ideal for protecting and sharing medical data, such as decentralization and tamper resistance. Using blockchain

e-ISSN:2395-0056

www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

technology to share medical data, this proposes a lightweight scheme. The scheme is based on blockchain technology. Doctors can access historical patient records usingproxyencryptiontechnology.Thisensuressecurityin the proposed scheme since ciphertext communicates the inquired information. A better algorithm is suggested because this consensus mechanism is lightweight and reliable. Lastly, their scheme offers several benefits. Patients with identical symptoms may communicateabout their illnesses using the symptoms matching mechanism. Thisschemesatisfiesanumberofrequirementsandislow costintermsofcommunicationandcomputation.

IV. CONCLUSION

Aswehavedealtwithvariouspapers,wecameacrossvery important issues related to vaccines ontracking tracing, monitoring the distribution and delivery of vaccines. Ethereum will facilitate the distribution and delivery of vaccines by providing a decentralized, traceable, transparent, reliable, auditable, secure, and trustworthy platform. The provenance of data was assured by smart contracts that automate the process of recording and loggingvaccinedistributionanddeliveryevents.

Using our solution, we compared it to existing blockchain and non blockchain based solutions. The solution discussed is generic and can be adapted to any type of vaccines ordering, traceability and monitoring scenario. Additionally, the public Ethereum blockchain utilizes the ProofofWorkconsensusalgorithm,which islimitedbyits scalability. Furthermore, using different blockchain platforms and solutions can create interoperability problems.

REFERENCS

[1] 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom)

Blockchain Technology in Healthcare by Matthias Mettler

[2] 2021 International Conference on Computer Communication andInformatics(ICCCI 2021),Jan. 27 29,2021, Coimbatore, INDIA “ABlockchain based Electronic Medical Health Records Framework using Smart Contracts” by Vardhini B, ShreyasNDass,SahanaR,and Dr.R.Chinnaiyan

[3] “A Secure and Scalable Data Source for Emergency

Medical Care using Blockchain Technology” by ShirinHasavari,and Yeong_TaeSong.

[4] Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on I SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I SMAC) IEEE Xplore Part Number:CFP20OSV ART; ISBN: 978 1 7281 5464 0

[5] “Sharing Health and Wellness Data with Blockchainand SmartContracts”byP.Rangel,and J. Kleinschmidt. IEEE LATIN AMERICA TRANSACTIONS, VOL. 18, NO. 6, JUNE2020

[6] 2013 Ninth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security. “OptimizingVaccineDistribution forDifferentAge Groups of Population Using DE Algorithm” by Xiao MinHu,andJunZhang

[7] “Blockchain Based Solution for Distribution and Delivery of COVID 19 Vaccines” by AHMAD MUSAMIH, RAJA JAYARAMAN, KHALED SALAH, HAYA R. HASAN, IBRAR YAQOOB, and YOUSOF AL HAMMADI. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3079197.

[8] IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 37, NO. 2, FEBRUARY2015.

[9] “A Consent Model for Blockchain Based Health Data Sharing Platforms” by “VIKAS JAIMAN AND VISARA UROVI” Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3014565.

[10] 2020IEEEInternationalConferenceonBlockchain (Blockchain) “Secured Inter Healthcare Patient Health Records Exchange Architecture” by “Oluwaseyi Ajayi, Meryem Abouali, and Tarek Saadawi”.

[11] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) “Sharing Medical Questionnaires based on Blockchain”by“MinGyuKim”.

[12] 2018 IEEE 20th International Conference on e Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom) “A Blockchain based Architecture Framework for Secure Sharing of Personal Health Data”by“SandroAmofa”.

[13] “Identity Verification and Management of Electronic Health Records with Blockchain Technology”by“YihengLiang”.

[14] 2020 International Conference on Information

[15] “UtilizationoftheBlockchainNetworkinThePublic Community Health Center Medicine Supply Chain” by “HartantoKumiawan”-UniversityofGothenburg fromIEEE Xplore.

[16] 2020IEEEInternationalConferenceonConvergence to Digital World Quo Vadis (ICCDW 2020)“Health Monitoring and Analysis using IPFS and Blockchain”by “HarshitSunilkumarSingh”

[17] “Converging Blockchain and Machine Learning for Healthcare”by“SonaliVyas”

[18] “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” by “Satoshi Nakamoto”

[19] ETHEREUM: A SECURE DECENTRALISED GENERALISED TRANSACTION LEDGER BERLIN VERSIONfabef25 2021-12 02

[20] F1000Research 2016, 5:222 Last updated: 25 MAY 2016 - “How blockchain timestamped protocols could improve the trustworthiness of medical science”by“GregIrving,John Holden”

[21] 2017 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Networks - “An Overview of the Emerging Technology: Blockchain” by “Rishav Chatterjee,RajdeepChatterjee”

[22] MATEC Web of Conferences 200, 00020 (2018)“Supply Chain Management based on Blockchain: A Systematic Mapping Study” by “Rishav Youness Tribis,AbdelaliEl Bouchti,HoussineBouayad”

[23] “Secure Attribute-Based Signature Scheme With Multiple Authorities for Blockchain in Electronic Health Records Systems” by “RUI GUO , HUIXIAN SHI , QINGLAN ZHAO, AND DONG ZHENG” - Digital ObjectIdentifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2801266

[24] 20162ndInternationalConferenceonOpenandBig Data - “MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management” by “Asaph Azaria, Ariel Ekblaw, Thiago Vieira and Andrew Lippman”

[25] “A Blockchain-based Medical Data Sharing and Protection Scheme” by “XIAOGUANG LIU, ZIQING WANG, CHUNHUAJIN,FAGENLI,andGAOPINGLI”Digital ObjectIdentifier10.1109/ACCESS.2017.DOI