Dock Based Bicycle Rental System
ABSTRACT:
Many college students who live away from home do not own a vehicle, making it difficult for them to go around between courses, the cafeteria, the ground, the sports arena, and so on. Although walking is beneficial to one's health, it is nonetheless time intensive. 'Bicycles' is a possible replacement for this. It takes less time, burns more calories, and strengthens the lower body. Aside from the aforementioned benefits, choosing bicycles over polluting automobiles also helps to minimise hazardous pollutant gases. Bicycle rental systems provide a low effort and ecologically beneficial means of transportation for short distances. This eliminates the need to purchase a new bicycle and makes it more accessible to a larger audience. It cuts down on the amount of time and money that a bicycle owner would have to spend on maintenance. The purpose of this study is to investigate why there is a growing demand for bicycle rental apps, how they are superior to air polluting vehicles, their health and environmental consequences, and how many bicycle rental applications are now available inIndia.
Keywords: Bike rental system, Bicycle Management system, Cloud based servers, Google Firebase, Android Studio, Android application, Google map API, Google directionAPI.
1. INTRODUCTION :
As technology advances, everything we desire is only a click away. We can book cabs online for travel, but we don't have the option of renting bicycles and going anywhere we choose. We builtthis websiteintending to reach out to college students who do not possess a vehicle. Cycling is far healthier than walking since it burns more calories. Walking is also excellent for your health, but it takes up extra time that could be spent on other productive pursuits. Cycling takes up less time. Asidefrom that,ithelps toimprove the environment by lowering air pollution and noise pollution. Transportationisakeycontributortorisinggreenhouse gas emissions, which may be lowered by replacing vehicleswithbicycles.
Oneofthehealthadvantagesofbicyclesovervehiclesis that they lower the expense of injuries caused by road accidents[1]. The bicycle is an ideal short distance transportation alternative since it emits no pollution,
requires no energy, is silent, tends to take up minimal space, and is quick and affordable (McLintock, 1992; Tolley, 1990). In the United Kingdom, 40% of all automotive commutes are less than 1.6 kilometres long, and given the correct motivation, the majority of them mightbechangedtobicycles.
Bicyclestakeupsolittlespacethattenortwelvepeople may fit in the same space as one car. Their presence creates a calm and quiet atmosphere, as well as a more contemporary and appealing picture than a campus filled with parked automobiles. According to the British Medical Association, cycling should be encouraged to enhancethe world'shealth (BritishMedical Association, 1992).[2]
Gettingtoworkonabikeisaterrificwaytoavoidgoing to the gym. If you're a cyclist, it's an excellent way to increaseyourbasemileageandfitnesswithouthavingto devotetimetoparticulartraining.
In cross sectional and longitudinal studies, cycling and cardiorespiratory fitness in kids were found to have a definite positive relationship. Commuter cycling was found to have a strong negative relationship with all cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cancer morbidity inprospectiveobservationalstudiesamongmiddle aged to older persons. In intervention trials, commuting cyclingresultedinpersistentincreasesincardiovascular fitness and some changes in cardiovascular risk factors in working age individuals[3]. Several organisations aid in the finding of routes and offers for travel by public transportation(aeroplane,rail,orbus)aswellasprivate transportation (car). Carsharing has been increasingly popularin recent years,and itis a companythat mainly reliesononlinereservations.Aslewofnewfree floating car sharing businesses has recently appeared, allowing userstogoinonedirectionwithouthavingtoreturnthe vehicletoitsoriginalspot.[4]
2. LITERATURE REVIEW :
India's rapid urbanisation has resulted in a tremendous rise in the number of automobiles on the road. Automobiles are substantial emitters of anthropogenic carbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,contributing considerably to urban air pollution. The transportation sectorisasignificantcontributor,accountingfor90%of total emissions[5]. By switching 5% of automobile
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072
kilometres to cycling, yearly vehicle travel will be reduced by 223 million kilometres, 22 million litres of gasoline will be saved, and transportation related greenhouse emissions will be reduced by 0.4%. There would be a considerable decrease in emissions and exposure if all vehicle drivers living within a half hour bikeridetoworkshiftedtobicycling[6].
Theswitchfrompollutingautomobilestobicycleswould significantly impact both the environment and human health. Increased physical activity would avert 116 deaths per year, with six fewer deaths due to local air pollutioncausedbyautomotiveemissionsandfivemore bicycle fatalities due to road crashes. In children and adolescents,thereisevidenceofbettercardiorespiratory endurance and muscular fitness, as well as improved body composition, bone health, and cardiovascular and metabolichealthbiomarkers.Thereisstrongevidencein adults for the prevention of early death, heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, adverse blood lipid profiles, metabolic syndrome, colon and breast cancers, weight loss when combined with diet, improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, fall prevention,reduceddepression,andimprovedcognitive function.
Bicycling has become the cheapest means of transportationduetoannualgasolinepricerises.Cycling is becoming increasingly popular among people of all ages, from youngsters to working adults, as a less expensiveandhealthiermodeoftransportation.Walking or cycling can be used to cover shorter distances. Not onlywouldthisreducegasolineuse,butitwouldalsoaid inpollutionprevention[7].
The EZGO mobile phone app has proven to be a considerable improvement over the present vehicle rental system. This app is used to share cars between users, which helps both the owner and the lessee by allowingthelesseetoutilisethevehicleaccordingtohis or her needs. This is intended to give a platform for visitorstothenationtohireavarietyofautosatvarious prices, as well as to rent a car anywhere in the country withconvenienceandcost effectiveness.[8]
OpenStack is a free and open source cloud computing software platform. A data centre's varied, multi vendor hardware pools of computing, storage, and networking resources are managed by the software platform, which is made up of interconnected components. To control it, users can utilise a web based dashboard, command line tools, or an API. [9] Access Control, Billing & Provisioning, Capacity Analytics, Cost Administration, Demand Monitoring, Multi Cloud Management, Performance Analytics, SLA Management, Supply Monitoring, and Workflow Approval are some of the cloudmanagementtoolsavailableinGoogleCloud.While
OpenStack only has a few of them, choosing between thesetwoplatformstosupplyaserverisnotdifficult.
ThisapplicationmaybeusedtoexecutetheBikeSharing BikeRentalapplication,whichallowsindividualstovisit locations by renting bikes quickly and easily. This programme can manage easy, rapid, and secure rental payment procedures. This programme can provide informationfrombicyclerentalreportsaswellasarapid and accurate financial record[10]. There are currently over 700 bike sharing systems operating in over 50 countries, with 806,200 bicycles accessible at 37,500 stations. [11]. These bike sharing programmes have helpedtoimprovepeople'sdrivingabilitiesdaily.
However, modern bike sharing systems have several operational challenges.Individual cyclingbehaviourand flexibility designs to improve scheme management and administration have received a lot of attention in recent years. For example, based on transitory bike usage trends, [12] and [13] looked at the geological clustering ofdockingstations.Afterobservingtheexamplesinuse, bike armada regularity approaches were created and appliedforvarioussortsofstations[14].Itwasrevealed that appearing business zones have a positive influence on the utilisation of station based bike sharing using a relapse approach that correlated encompassing area usage features with station demands. Such studies have mostlyfocusedontheattractionandconsistencyofbike sharing,withlittleemphasispaidtotherelationshipand influenceofeventsthatoccurbetween bike sharingand other means of transportation[15]. Various spatial fleeting insights and system (chart) aspects of docking stations were investigated to assess the influence of Cylinder strikes in London on bike sharing. Existing dockless bike sharing research is sparse, focusing on bike fleet management [16] or bicycle framework planning [17]. There should be a lot more inventive research that focuses on versatility, such as dockless bike sharing.
Usingthisapp,thecustomerhastheoptionofhiringany vehicle of his choosing based on the occasion. They also included a payment gateway that allows customers to pay using debit or credit cards. Furthermore, the user hasthechoiceofpickingornotselectingadriver.Three viewing models make up the majority of their system. One is given to the user, another to the administrator, and a third to the driver. The user app gives them the optionofselectingfroma choiceofautomobiles,aswell as the purpose for the pickup and the location. The admin app is completely under the control of the administrator. They are responsible for adding and deleting vehicles, as well as accepting and refusing reservations. The drivers are the ones who are in commandofeverything.[18]
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072
AHP is used in a study report on car rental services to establish the relative relevance of all the factors that consumers consider when renting a car. Eight characteristics were revealed in this study, with purchasersfavouringtheVehiclemodelfirst,followedby priceconsciousnessandautomobilecondition[19].
QR codes are used in apps to lock and unlock them, ensuringthattheycanonlybeunlockedbytheuser.The article on QR code security covers all of the most common usage scenarios as well as the attack vectors that go with them. It organises the current state of the art in the scientific community. It outlines the most important research topics for enhancing QR code security,withanemphasisonusabilityandsecurity.[20]
3. ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
Thisapplicationisbuiltonandroidstudio.Wehaveused theJavaprogramminglanguage.WehavealsousedXML forasmoothuserinterface.Forstorageandsyncingdata between users in real time, we have used google firebase.
Wehavedividedthisapplicationintomultiplepages.
1) Home page: When we start the application, we are welcomed and the user can select between twooptions.Iftheyareafirsttimeusertheycan ‘sign up in a few easy steps, otherwise, if they alreadyhaveanaccounttheycan‘login’totheir account.
2) Registrationpage:Iftheuserselectsthesign up option on the home page then they will be directed to the registration page. Here they will be asked to enter their name, email id, phone number, enrollment number and password and clickonregister.Theuser’sprofileiscompleted.
3) Dashboard: On the top right corner there is a dashboard on which the user can go to profile, bookaride,viewamaporaccessthehelpdeskif the user has any inquiries regarding the services.
4) Profile:Fromthedashboard,theusercanaccess hisprofile.Thisdisplaysusers'detailslikename, email id, phone number, and enrollment id. Userscanalsoeditthesedetailsifrequired.
5) Book your ride: This can be accessed from the dashboard. It will open the camera so that the user can scan the QR code on the bicycle. Once the scan is complete It will show details of the bicyclebooked.
6) Map: The view map option in the dashboard allows users to allocate the nearest dock and navigatetoit.
7) Helpdesk: This option can be found in the dashboard. Here users can connect to a chatbot regarding their queries about booking rides, FAQs,Paymentissues
4. SYSTEM DESIGN
Fig 1:Login
Fig 1 is the login page or welcome page when you start theandroidapplication. On the welcomepage,you have two options either you can enter your email id and password or you can create an account if you are a new user. After creating an account you are redirected to your dashboard page. The same redirection happens if youloginusingyourold/existingcredentials.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072
Fig 3isaflowchartforhowausercanbookaride.Once the user is in the main dashboard he/she can open the book a ride menu and the camera is opened to click a picture of the QR code through which the bike will be ready. After you end the ride you will be redirected to thepaymentpageandabillwillbedisplayed.
Fig 2:Add/UpdateProfile
In Fig 2 You can go to the profile page from the main dashboard to update your details like name, phone number, college name, and enrollment number, so the admin can determine which exact student is currently occupying a ride. Then save button saves all data and updatesalldetailsintheaccount.
Fig 4:Navigatingtothenearestdockusingthemap
Fig 4 shows how the user can navigate in the physical world with the help of Google navigation to reach the nearest dock where the user can book a ride. On the dashboard,youcanselectthemapmenuwhichshowsall docks near the user. The user can select one and they willbenavigatedtothedesireddock.
Fig 3:Bookariding
Fig 5:Chatbotincomplaints
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072
Fig 5showshowausercanaskforhelpiftheyhaveany issuesorproblemsregardingthebikeorapplicationand thechatbotwilltryandhelpthemout.Inthecomplaints section,youcanfindthechatbot.
5. Conclusion
Inthisresearchpaper,wehavestudiedhowvariousbike rental applications have been developed using different approaches. We have tried to develop a similar bicycle rental application for students in colleges to make their lifeeasier.
We have used Android Studio to build this application using Java and XML. Android Studio is a unified developmentenvironmentthatallowsyoutocreateapps for Android phones, tablets, Android Wear, Android TV, andAndroidAuto.Structuredcodemodulesallowyouto break down your project into functional parts that you cancreate,test,anddebugindependently.
An Android application is a software program that runs on an Android device or emulator. An APK file, which stands for Android package, is also referred to by the word. This is a Zip archive that contains the app code, resources,andmetadata.Androidappsaredevelopedin Kotlin,Java,orC++andruninsidetheVirtualMachine.
The two most common programming languages used in AndroidappdevelopmentareJavaandXML.Asaresult, knowledge and expertise of these programming languagesarerequiredtocreateanAndroidapp.
The Google Maps API is a series of application programming interfaces (APIs) that allow us to interact with the company's services. It will enable us to create everything from simple Web apps to sophisticated location basedappsforiOSandAndroid.
Firebase Authentication is a feature that allows users to sign in to the app using their email address, password, phonenumber,andfederatedidentityproviderssuchas Google,Facebook,andTwitter.Backendservices,simple SDKs,andpre builtUIframeworksareallavailablewith Firebaseauthentication.Asa result,developerswill find iteasytoimplement.
TheDirectionsAPIisa webservicethatreturnsJSONor XML formatted directions between two places via an HTTP request. Directions are available in a variety of formats: as a self contained API as part of the Maps JavaScript API on the client side as part of the Client Libraries for Google Maps Web Services for server side use
6. References
[1].Lindsay,G.,Macmillan,A.andWoodward,A.(2011), Moving urban trips from cars to bicycles: impact on health and emissions. Australian and New Zealand JournalofPublicHealth
[2]. Green campuses: cutting the environmental cost of commuting Rodney Tolley Geography Division, Staffordshire University, Leek Road, Stoke on Trent ST4 2DF,UK
[3] Oja, P & Titze, Sylvia & Bauman, Adrian & De Geus, Bas&Krenn,Patricia&Reger Nash,Bill&Kohlberger,T. (2011). Health benefits of cycling: A systematic review. Scandinavianjournalofmedicine&scienceinsports.21. 496 509.10.1111/j.1600 0838.2011.01299.x.
[4] Mobile App for public transport A usability and user experience perspective Anais Luisa Habermann, Kai Kasugai,Martina ZiefleCommunicationScience,Human Computer Interaction Center (HCIC) RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen,Germany2
[5] Alam, Md. (2020). The Impact Study Of Vehicular PollutionOnTheEnvironment.
[6] Christer Johansson, Boel Lövenheim, Peter Schantz, Lina Wahlgren, Peter Almström, Anders Markstedt, Magnus Strömgren, Bertil Forsberg, Johan Nilsson Sommar,Impactsonairpollutionandhealthbychanging commuting from car to bicycle, Science of The Total Environment,Volumes584 585
[7]MMRohaniandNPahazri2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 140012085
[8]EnhancementofMobile BasedApplication for Vehicle Rental 2021 IEEE 11th IEEE Symposium on ComputerApplications&IndustrialElectronics(ISCAIE) | 978 1 6654 0338 2/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ISCAIE51753.2021.9431820
[9]Yi,Hai Bo;Nie,Zhe(2017).[IEEE2017International Conference on Network and Information Systems for Computers (ICNISC) Shanghai, China (2017.4.14 2017.4.16)] 2017 International Conference on Network and Information Systems for Computers (ICNISC) Mobility Innovation through an Efficient Mobile System for Bike Sharing on Campus. , (), 153 157. doi:10.1109/icnisc.2017.00040
[10] Ratih Indah Permitasari, Riad Sahara Implementation of Web Based Bike Renting Application “Bike Sharing”, IJCSMC, Vol. 7, Issue. 12, December 2018,pg.6 13
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072
[11]SusanAShaheen,ElliotWMartin,NelsonDChan,et al.PublicBikesharinginNorthAmerica DuringAPeriod of Rapid Expansion: Understanding Business Models, Industry Trends and User Impacts. Mineta Transp Inst. 2014.
[12] Vogel P, Greiser T, Mattfeld DC. Understanding Bikesharing Systems Using Data Mining: Exploring Activity Patterns. Procedia Social Behav Sci. 2011;20:514 523
[13] O’Brien O, Cheshire J, Batty M. Mining Bicycle Sharing Data for Generating Insights into Sustainable TransportSystems.JTranspGeogr.2014;34:262 273.
[14]DaddioD.MaximizingBicycleSharing:anEmpirical AnalysisofCapitalBikeshareUsage.2012.
[15]SaberiM,GhamamiM,GuY.etal.Understandingthe ImpactsofaPublicTransitDisruptiononBicycleSharing Mobility Patterns: a Case of Tube Strike in London. JournalofTransportGeography.2018;66:154 166.
[16] Pal A, Zhang Y. Free Floating Bike Sharing: Solving RealLifeLargescaleStaticRebalancingProblems.Transp ResPartCEmergingTechnol.2017;80:92 116.
[17]BaoJ,HeT,RuanS.etal.PlanningBikeLanesBased on Sharing Bikes' Trajectories. ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and DataMining.2017:1377 1386.
[18]SurajYadav,SamratPawar,DuhitaRaut,RuchiRahi (2021),CARRENTALSYSTEM,Volume:08Issue:05
[19] Saroj Koul, CSN Venkata Datta, Rakesh Verma Car RentalsKnowledgeandCustomerChoice
[20] Katharina Krombholz, Peter Fr¨uhwirt, Peter Kieseberg, Ioannis Kapsalis, Markus Huber, and Edgar Weippl ,QR Code Security: A Survey of Attacks and ChallengesforUsableSecuritySBAResearch,Vienna