Policing of the Environment by using an Integrated system

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

Policing of the Environment by using an Integrated system

1,2,3,4 Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely Professional University, India ***

ABSTRACT:

Noticing the current state of the environment is one of the most difficult tasks in today's world since there is a heap of challenges that arise when the current state of the environment is measured. The system suggested in this study is an advanced approach for tracking atmospheric conditions in a specific location and making the data available to everyone, anywhere on the planet. The Internet of Things (IoT) is the technology underlying this, which is a cultured and efficient method for connecting things to the internet and linking the entire universe of things in a network. The data from the installed system may be accessed over the internet from any location on the planet. During specific weather hazards, checking and monitoring weather parameters through cables and analog instruments will be extremely difficult in the agricultural zone. However, we came up with the best system which could collect all relevant data on the weather through a wireless connection Using the data from the system we can provide a valid recommendation for the place This system monitors environmental factors like Temperature, Humidity, Atmospheric Pressure, Light Intensity, and Noise. Exercising multiple nature of data of a place and collective data in a region. The system uses data and recommends measures to be taken to keep the environment safe. The main objective is to make a small and easy to use mechanism to examine the weather conditions. The key idea is to have more devices developed over the area to address environmental data to the AWS IoT platform for computing and analysis… Based on this real time data, new public facilities could be offered. This embedded system is integrated with sensors for close monitoring of the parameters in the Environment. In this system, there is the involvement of sensors like the DHT11 sensor, BMP180 sensor, LM393 Comparator, LDR Photo Resistor, ESP8266(ESP01 Serial Wi Fi Module) and Arduino ATMEGA328P used to monitor the environmental conditions.

Keywords: Environment, ESP8266 (ESP01 Serial Wi Fi Module), LDR Photo Resistor, Temperature and Humidity sensor, Atmospheric pressure sensor, Noise sensor.

1. INTRODUCTION: -

The importance of weather monitoring in everyone's life cannot be overstated. The impact of the environment's state creates significant issues in a variety of industries, including agriculture, industry, construction, and a variety of others Peoplewhoneedtotravelfromonelocationtoanotheroccasionallywantweatherinformationfortheirdestination.They musttakeasweaterandnecessaryprecautionsiftheweatherattheirdestinationiscold. Theoccurrenceofmajorglobal warmingistheprimarycauseofclimateandtemperaturevariations.Theweatherandtemperaturewillreadilychangeas a resultof this. Climatechange, accordingto the Intergovernmental Panel onClimateChange(IPCC), will have animpact onnaturalcyclechangesproducedbyglobalwarming,particularlyintermsoftemperatures,sealevels,precipitation,and extreme occurrences. Earth’s temperature has risen by 0.08°C per decade since 1880, and the rate of warming over the past 40 years is more than twice that: 0.18° C per decade since 1981. Temperature rises, changes in weather patterns, changes in air humidity, and changes in air pressure are all possible consequences of rising temperature values. Climate change, which results in increased temperatures in an area, is another issue that can cause temperature variations. Existingtechnologyisprimarilyfocusedonthecontrolandmonitoringofvariousoperations.Andthissystemalsofocuses on sound pollution by sensing noise value through a noise sensor. These are becoming more prevalent to meet human requirements. If the prescribed levels of parameters are exceeded, an effective environmental monitoring system is needed to monitor and assess the situation. Sensors are installed in various locations to collect data to forecast the behaviorofacertainregionofinterest.Themajorgoalofthisworkistodesignandbuildaneffectivemonitoringsystemin whichtherequiredparametersaremonitoredremotelyovertheinternet,thedatacollectedfromthesensorsisstoredin thecloud,andtheestimatedtrendisprojectedonawebbrowser.Everymoment,thecloudvaluesareupdated.Thisstudy also intends to assist consumers who require weather information for a specific location or area in real time and with pinpointaccuracy.

2. Literature Review:

Humanlivingstyleswillbechangedasaresultofweatherdisastersandunevenenvironmentalchanges.Duringparticular hazardouscircumstancesandcrucial situations,monitoringmultiple weather parametersusingwiredsystemdesignand

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

analog devices in a farm zone is quite challenging. To solve the challenge of monitoring weather parameters with wired devices, wireless sensors network devices may take specific measures and issues for monitoring weather parameters, even in the worst case scenario. In [1,] the author proposed a reliable and cost effective automatic weather station. The author proposed a wireless sensor network based automatic weather monitoring station. The author intends to create threegenerationsofAutomatedWeatherStations(AWS)prototypes.Theauthorofthisstudyreviewsthefirst generation AWSprototypeinordertoimprovethesecondgenerationbasedontherequirementandgeneration.Inordertohavean AutomaticWeatherStation,theauthorsuggestsimprovingnon functionalrequirementssuchaspowerconsumption,data accuracy, availability, and data transfer. The non functional requirement was eliminated by cost reduction in order to manufacture a reliable and economical Automatic Weather Station (AWS). As a result, developing countries like Uganda wouldbeabletoobtaintheAWSinsufficientquantitiesundertheproposedwork.Sothattheweather forecastingmight beimproved.In[2,]theauthordescribesanIoT basedweathermonitoringsystem.Theenvironmentalparametercanbe acquiredusingsensorsinthisstudy. Theauthorscalesseveral parameterssuchashumidity,temperature,pressure, rain value,andtheLDRsensorusingaseparatesensor.Thesystemalsousesthetemperatureprototypetodeterminethedew pointvalue.Thetemperaturesensorcanbeusedtodeterminethetemperatureofacertainregion,room,orlocation.The light intensity can be employed as described by the author with the help of the LDR sensor. The author employed an additional functionality of weather monitoring in this as an SMS alert system depending on the value of sensing parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, light intensity, and rain valueexceeding the value of the sensing parameters. The author depicts a low cost live weather monitoring system utilising an OLED display in this work [3], in which the author demonstrates the numerous domains in which the Internet of Things has developed creative things in the system. A new innovative system was described by the author. Which assesses the current state of the weather. Weathermonitoringisextremelybeneficialtoeveryone,whetheritisafarmer,anindustry,aregularworker,orastudent. As a result, the author decreased the difficulty level for farmers and business by designing a live weather monitoring system. The data is shown on an OLED screen and in the cloud by the system. The author's goal is to obtain real time weather information on an OLED display. In [4], the author described a system that monitors and predicts weather conditionssothatpeoplemayplanfortheirdailylives.Thisexerciseprovedtobebeneficialinavarietyoffields,including agriculture and industry. The author employs two steps of the weather management system to monitor and predict weather data.In this project, they combined data from sensors, bus mobility, and deep learning technology to create a real timeweatherreportingsystemforstationsandbuses.Finally,theauthorshowshowthissystemusesbusinformation management to present a real time weather monitoring and prediction system. The author represents four fundamental elements.1 Informationmanagement.2 Busstopthatisinteractive3 Predictivemachinelearningmodel4 Aplatform for weather data. Information is displayed using a dynamic chart in this case. The "Embedded weather station with Remote wireless control" is defined in this effort [10]. The author of this paper discusses the importance of a weather monitoring system. The author explains how the current weather monitoring system works. Before heading outside for anytypeoftask,itiscriticaltobeawareofthecurrentweatherconditions.Thisstudyexplainstheimportanceofweather monitoring in the field. The author describes a weather station with temperature, luminosity, pressure, and humidity sensorsimplantedwithamicrocontrollerbasedontheboardinthisresearchstudy.Theweatherstationisrestrictedbya mobilephoneSMSservice.

3. Development of Environment Policing System Using Multi Sensors

The goal of this study is to create an Environment Policing system that will continuously monitor live environmental parameters while watching the weather through LCD screen and Wi Fi. To measure the parameters, the weather monitoringsystememploysavarietyofsensors.

Table1.MultiplemodesinEnvironmentPolicingSystem

Mode1 In this mode, DHT11 sensors i.e., Temperature and Humidity can be captured anddisplaysonLcdscreenandthroughWi Fi

Mode2 In this mode, BMP180 sensor i.e., Atmospheric Pressure can be captured and givesoutput

Mode3 Inthismode,PhotoresistorLDRcapturestheLuminosity

Mode4 Inthismode,LM393soundSensordetectsthenoisevalueinthesurroundings

Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

Table2.Sensorsundervariousmodes.

Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Sensor 3 Sensor 4

DHT11(Temperature&Humidity) sensor BMP180 (Pressuresensor) LDR (LightIntensitySensor) LM393 (SoundSensor)

ThisSystemdescribeshowthesensorsareconnectedtotheArduinoUNOmicrocontroller.Sensorswereconnectedtothe Arduino UNO in the block diagram. The system is set up in such a way that data is automatically received from sensors, displayedona16*2LCDscreensimultaneouslywithhelpofESP8266Wi Fimodulethedataisuploadedwhenconnected toWi Fi,anddisplayedonwebpages.Theproposedmodelusesfoursensorstomeasuretemperature,humidity,pressure, lightintensity,andsound,asmentionedintable1withmode 1,mode2,mode3,andmode4. Temperatureandhumidity (MODE 1), barometric pressure (MODE2), light intensity sensor (MODE 3), and sound sensor (MODE 4) are all representedintable2.Bycombiningtable1andtable2,mode1isidentifiedasSensor1,whichhasoneDHT11sensorfor detecting the environment's temperature and humidity. Sensor 2 features a BMP 180 sensor for sensing atmospheric pressure from the surroundings in mode 2. Mode 3 denotes sensor 3, which contains an LDR sensor for detecting light intensity, and Mode 4 denotes sensor 4, which contains an LM393 Comparator sensor for measuring the environment's noisevalue.Withfewsensors,theproposedsystemprovidesaneffectiveenvironmentpolicingsystem.Itisdependable,as wellasfreeandopentothepublic.Raincomputation,windspeed,winddirection,PIRsensor,andothersensorscanallbe usedtomonitortheweather.However,inourproposedmodel,foursensorsareusedtotestthesystem'sfunctionalityand reliability.Theproposedmodelaccuratelyevaluatesthestateoftheenvironment.

4. The Suggested system's hardware is illustrated in this diagram.

ThegivenFigure1showsablock diagram...Hereevery sensorisconnectedtotheArduinoUnousingthisblockdiagram. The ESP8266 module receives values from the Arduino Uno, while the LCD screen receives values from the I2C module. TheArduinoUnoreceiveselectricityviaUSB,whichisconnectedtoacomputer.

Fig1.:BlockdiagramofEnvironmentPolicingsystem.

4.1 Data Collector, Gateways and Sensors.

4.1.1 Data collector: The Arduino ATMega328P acts as the model's Micro Controller in our proposed system. And its jobistocollectdatafromsensorsandsendittotheLCDandtheESP01module.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

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4.1.2 Gateways

4.1.2.1 I2CModuleFor16*2LCD: TheI2CmoduleactsasthegatewaytodisplaythedataintheLCDscreencomingfrom Arduinomicrocontroller

4.1.2.2 ESP8266(ESP01): ThemoduleESP01actsasagatewaytogivethedatatothecloudfromMicrocontrollerandthe dataisuploadedtothewebpagethroughcloud.

4.1.3 Sensors

Mode 1 Sensor (Temp & Hum): The DHT11 sensor allows us to monitor our system's temperature and humidity. This sensor uses a current of 2.5 mA and runs at 5V. The sensor can detect temperatures ranging from 0 to 50 degrees. The relativehumidityrangesfrom20%to90%Witha+1degreeaccuracyanda+ 1percentaccuracy.Itrunson3to5volts andhasa3 to 5 voltinput/output.





Duringconversion,itusesamaximumcurrentof2.5mA.

Ithasahumidityrangeof20to90percentanda5percentaccuracy.

 Itisonlysuitablefortemperaturesof0 50degreesCelsius.

 Itconsistsoffourpinsseparatedby0.1mm.

Mode 2 Sensor (Atmospheric Pressure): The BMP 180 is a digital barometric pressure sensor that measures ambient pressure.Itisafollow uptoBMP085whichhasnumerousimprovements.



Ithasaverylowpowerusageofonly3microamperes.





Itrunsonadcvoltageof3to5volts.

The pressure detection rate of the BMP 180 is 3001100 Hpa (9000500m above sea level) and the operating temperaturerangeis40to+85degreesCelsius.

Mode3Sensor(LightSensor):ThePhotoresistorsensorisanothernameforthissensor.AninbuiltLDR(LightDependent Resistor) helps in the detection of light in this sensor. The light dependent resistance is controlled by the principle of "photoconductivity" (LDR). TheresistanceoftheLDR changesasthe intensityoflightfallsonit. Asthelightintensityon theLDRsurfaceincreases,theLDRresistancedecreasesandtheconductivityoftheelementincreases.Astheintensityof lightontheLDRsurfacedecreases,theLDRresistanceincreasesandtheconductivityoftheelementdecreases.

Mode4Sensor(SoundSensor):Thesoundsensorreceivesthesoundwavesanddisplaysthesoundvibrationimage.Ithas a sound sensitive capacitively electret microphone built in. The electricalminimicrophone vibrates in response to the soundwave,causingachangeincapacitanceandamicrovoltage.Themicrovoltageisthenpassedtothemodule'sLM393 comparator, where it is compared to the threshold specified by the blue potentiometer. When the sound intensity in the environmentdoesnotexceedthethreshold,Otherwise,theOUT interfaceoutputslow levelsignals.





Adjustablesensitivity(thebluepotentiometerintheillustrationcanbeused).

Voltagerange:3.3Vto5V.





MountingHole,FrequencyRange50Hz~20KHz.

PCBDimensions:3.2cmx1.7cm

5. Circuit diagram

Policingoftheenvironmentusingthecircuitdiagramofanintegratedsystemisshownbelow.Thediagramsshowhowthe sensorwillbeconnectedandhowitwillbedone.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Fig2:Circuitdiagramoftheenvironmentalpolicesystem

The Dht11 sensor, BMP 180 sensor, LDR sensor, and Noise Sensors are all linked to the Arduino Uno pins, and the hardwareispoweredbyaUSBwire.ThedatafromthesensorsissenttotheESP01 Wi FimoduleandshownontheLCD screen. The prototype model can be seen in the above image All connections must be made in the same way in order to obtainanadequateresult.

6. The flowchart of the proposed model

Fig.3.

Flowchartoftheprojectedmodel

The flowchart explains how our suggested system operates. This proposed system is being created as an environmental policingmechanismforour immediatearea.Thissystemusesonlyfoursensorsandusesthe Wife module todisplaythe resultsonanLCDscreenaswellasonawebpage.

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7. ThingSpeak

ThingSpeak is an IoT platform that allows you to collect and store sensor data in the cloud while also developing IoT applications. The ThingSpeak IoT platform offers programsthat allow you to study and display data in MATLAB before taking action on it. Sensor data from Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Beagle Bone Black, and other hardware platforms can be communicatedtoThingSpeak.ThingSpeak isa data analysistoolthatismostlyusedforInternetof Things(IoT)devices. Users can create whatever form of project they want to modify data from IoT devices. ThingSpeak offers a number of usefulfeatures,includingreal timedatahandling,staticanddynamicdataprocessing,MATLABvisualizations,and,finally, applications and plugins. ThingSpeak's Communicating theThingSpeak channel is its most important feature. Users can transmit and receive data from the saved location. Each channel can have up to 8 fields of various data types, three locationfields,andonechannelfieldforthestatusvalue.Afteryou'vecreatedyourownchannelinthetool,youcansend dataintoit,letThingSpeakassessandanalyseit,andthenexaminetheresultsinawaythatsuitsyou.

8. Implemented Hardware

Afteryou'vemadealloftheconnectionsasindicatedinfig.2,you'rereadytomoveontothenextstep.AUSBcableisused to supply power to the Arduino uno. That is, it is connected to our computer. Two code modules have been written. The firstistouseArduinocodetolinktovarioussensors.Andthesecond moduleistodisplaytheresultonLCDscreen.After that,you'llneedtoconnecttothehardware.Then,afterthat,uploadthecodethatwe'vewritten.However,itisnecessary to test the code before uploading it. So, open Arduino IDE, write code there, click verify, wait for approximately 1 2 minutesforverificationtocomplete,thenchooseanoptiontouploadthecode,anditcompilesanduploadssuccessfully.

Fig 4. ImplementedHardwarePicture

8.Experimental Results and Analysis

Inthissetofresults,wehaveshowntheresultsonhardwareandSimultaneouslyon ThingSpeakwebsite.Thegoalofthis system's"PolicingofEnvironmentUsinganIntegratedCircuit”istodesignasystemthatkeepstrackofweatherconditions whilealsomeasuringenvironmentalvariablesviatheinternetofthings.Itmeasuresthetemperature,Humidity,Pressure, Lightintensity,andSoundvalueofpresentareasothatwecanawareofthatspecificareaweatherconditions.

Table 1: Measurestakenon20th March2022,Sunday Date PolicingOfEnvironment

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Table 2: Measurestakenon21st March2022,Monday

Date PolicingOfEnvironment

Mar21st(2022) Monday Temperature Values (Celsius) Humidity (RH) Pressure (hPa) LightIntensity (Lux) SoundValue (db)

09:51AM 30.6 68 840 771 26

09:57AM 30.9 68 840 779 19

Table 3: Measurestakenon16th April2022,Saturday

Date PolicingOfEnvironment

Apr16th(2022) Saturday Temperature Values(Celsius) Humidity (RH) Pressure (hPa) LightIntensity (Lux) SoundValue (db)

11:43PM 32.7 71 920 788 28

11:57PM 33.3 69 930 785 71

Table 4: Measurestakenon25th April2022,Monday

Date PolicingOfEnvironment

Apr25th(2022) Monday Temperature Values(Celsius) Humidity (RH) Pressure (hPa) LightIntensity (Lux) SoundValue (db)

11:37AM 32.7 63 860 791 22

11:38AM 32.8 63 790 792 23

Results on ThingSpeak

Fig 5: MeasuresofTemperatureandHumidity

Fig 6: MeasuresofPressure,Light,andNoise

Figures 5 and 6 display the results of humidity, temperature, pressure, light intensity, and noise in a graphical style that allows the user to easily understand the environmental conditions in the area. The results for specific intervals are displayedinthegraph.

9. Advantages of Proposed system

1. When compared to normal weather monitoring systems, the Smart Weather Monitoring System is quite small and simpletoinstall.

2.SmartWeatherMonitoringSystemshaveLowPowerRequirements.

3. The Policing of Environment by using an integratedSystem uses far less expensive sensors, making this project very costeffective.

4.Sensordatacanalsobesenttoawebpagethatcanbeaccessedfromanywhereintheworld.

5.Becausetherearefewerparts,theproposedSystemhasalowmaintenancecost.

6.ThedatacollectedandanalysedbytheSystem'ssensorsaccuratelypredictstheweather'soutcome.

7.Becauseoftheirhighspeed,thesesensorscanalsodetectanysuddenchangesintheforecast.

8.Inthecaseofasmartweathermonitoringsystem,apriorwarningofweatherconditionsisalsopossible.

10. Future scope

MoresensorscanbeaddedtomonitorvariousenvironmentalparameterssuchassoilPH,CO2,andoxygen,whilepresent sensorscanbereplacedifalargerrangeofreadingsisdesired.Additionally,othermonitoringequipment,suchasaWi Fi camera,can beintegrated totrack theEnvironment.Also,thedata can becontinuouslyuploadedto the webserver. This projectcanbeexpandedtoincludewebinterfacesandmobileapplications.

11. Conclusion

Our suggested system consists of devices that monitor environmental parametersat a low cost. The suggested solution uses a client side architecture. Using many sensors, the proposed method observed diverse environmental data. The designed systemusesfewer sensorsthanthe existing model. Our proposed model'skeygoal is to makethesystemcost

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

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effective and cheap. So that anyone can utilizeit without limitation. In our suggested system, we collect data from many sensors and deliver it all to a webpage using the HTTP request protocol on the webserver. With real data, the proposed model's accuracy is nearly perfect. The results of the experiments using ThingSpeak MATLAB show that weather data analysis is easier and clearer Using IoTsensors and data analysis tools like ThingSpeak, we can easily handle and analysestreaming data. When compared to existing systems, this project's performance for weather analysisis faster, more efficient,andmore effective. Wecan gather, track,and analyseanysort ofstreamingdata inthiswayforimproved performance,speed,andefficiency.

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[15] Dr.K.Subhadra,ReceivedDoctorate,JNTUniversity,Hyderabad,India.VikasB,AssistantProfessorDepartmentof CSE In GITAM. (Deemed to Be University) University in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Y Srija Reddy, PursuingB.TechDepartmentofCSE,GITAM(DeemedTobeUniversity)UniversityinVisakhapatnam,AndhraPradesh, India.“EnvironmentalmonitoringsystemforrealtimeusingArduinoandnodejs”Jan31,2020

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