International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Smart Battery Management System for Lithium Ion Battery Anto Arnold S 1, Udhaya Praveen S 1,Rahul B 1, Anushree G 2 1 Students
of B.E, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Kumaraguru college of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Kumaraguru college of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------generation. It prevents thermal runaway by keeping the cells Abstract 2 Assistant Professor,
within a specific temperature range. This research focuses on various ways to assemble a lithium-ion battery pack, with a particular emphasis on battery chemistry and thermal management systems.
The battery is a critical component of electric vehicles, which offer a significant step toward achieving sustainable mobility. A vital component of electric and hybrid vehicles is the battery management system. The BMS's job is to ensure that the battery operates safely and reliably. State monitoring and evaluation, charge regulation, and cell balancing are functionalities that have been incorporated in BMS to ensure battery safety. Battery behaves differently under various operational and environmental situations as an electrochemical product. The implementation of these functions is difficult due to the uncertainty of a battery's performance. The evaluation of a battery's state, including its charge, health, and life, is a key responsibility for a BMS. The future problems for BMSs are outlined by analysing the most recent approaches for battery status evaluation.
2. BATTERY CHEMISTRYs Electricity is usually generated from traditional sources (fossil fuel, nuclear energy etc.) However, as we all know, conventional sources are limited and environmentally harmful. As a result, renewable energy sources are a great way to generate electricity. It can be stored and used in automobiles, with electrochemical batteries being the best option. Electrodes and electrolytes make up batteries. The electrolyte serves as a conduit for ions to pass through and produce electricity. Different types of batteries are available depending on the characteristics, functions, and requirements. As shown in Table, lithium-ion cells can be divided into three types. Lithium-Ion batteries are the most common type of battery. Compared to any other battery technology, Li-ion batteries have a higher power density and specific energy. Portable electronics, power tools, and mild hybrids or fully electric vehicles all use this material. The lithium-ion battery's main disadvantages are its high cost and short lifespan. Manufacturing and raw cobalt costs are also important considerations.
Key Words: Battery Management System, Lithium - ion Battery, State of Charge, State of Health, State of Life, Electric Vehicles.
1. INTRODUCTION Due to their wide range of applications in different segments of automobiles, battery-pack technology in an automobile has maintained its place in the literature in recent decades. Cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes are commonly used in the construction of batteries. Each battery combination has different properties; some are better at storing capacity or density, while others are better at reducing heat generation. Lithium-ion batteries are the most advanced batteries developed in recent decades. They've seen exponential growth in their use across various industries and markets, particularly in the automotive industry. This is because they are now the most energy-dense, efficient, long-lasting, and lightweight materials available. When compared to other batteries such as lead-acid and nickel-cadmium, this is the preferable option. As a result, lithium-ion batteries are used in a variety of applications, including laptops, smartphones, automobiles, power banks, cordless power tools, and so on. The only disadvantage of lithium-ion batteries is that they must be constantly monitored and kept within a certain temperature range in order to function properly. Lithium-ion battery packs have Battery Management Systems (BMS) and Thermal Management Systems built in (TMS). TMS monitors the battery pack's temperature and prevents heat
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Table -1: Comparisons of different cell Cylindrical cell
Prismatic cell
Pouch cell
Strength
Very High
High
Low
Energy capacity
Medium
Very High
High
Heat dissipation
Low
High
Very high
2.1. LITHIUM ION BATTERIES FORMATION Li-ion batteries can be constructed and packed in two major formations, which are metal cans either in cylindrical or prismatic shapes or laminate films that are familiarized as Li-ion polymer batteries. The cylindrical structure of rolled and plastered layers in metal cans with electrolytes can be
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