Development OF Low Cost Durable Precast Compound Wall

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | may 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Development OF Low Cost Durable Precast Compound Wall

Prof. Chetna Shelke 1 , Ms. Darshana . C. Menghal 2 , Ms. Monika. B. Kunbhare 3 , Ms. Payal. K. Manwatkar 4

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India1

UG Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India2,3,4 ***

Abstract - Sustainability is a global concern and therefore the goal of humanity should be to create a sustainable world. To ensure sustainability, methods that should be used for the efficient use of long term resources, to reduce waste of energy, energy and control overuse, and to ensure that there are areas reserved for future generations without total exhaustion. This presents a report on the results of an investigation into low cost use, a solid pre built wall and how it is made. It must be ensured that it is easy, sustainable, economical, fast and a solution to the environmental inequalities caused by the overuse of resources and energy. Thus, we aim to conclude that by using low cost, solid precast wall in construction than conventional construction methods, we can achieve a simpler, faster and cheaper construction method.

Key Words: PrecastCompoundWall,MSand,Construction, Sustainability,WastageMaterial

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Factorywallpanelsaredesignedanddesignedtofullyutilize itsprofiletoprovidegreaterstabilityandeaseofservices and modifications such as electricity, plumbing, etc. Even afterthepanelshavebeenrepaired,themodificationsmade canbefixedwithcementsandmortar.Thisiseasytosetup andconversionmachinescanbeusedalongwithlocalstaff. Withminimaladjustment,thepanelscanbeusedforendless assembly work. A continuous type of construction as the volumeofmaterialsusedissmall.Cement,sandandmortar are essential requirements for any construction industry. Sandisthemainmaterialusedtopreparemudandconcrete and plays a very important role in the formation of the mixture.Theuseofnaturalsandisusuallyhigh,duetothe high use of concrete and mud. A developing country like India facing a shortage of high quality natural sand and especiallyinIndia,naturalsandresiduesarebeingexploited andposea seriousthreatto the environmentandsociety. ThefactsasinIndiaarealmostthesameinothercountries. Therefore, the need to find another way to river sand in constructionworksisveryimportantnow days.Contractors have long recognized that regular construction in the metropolitanareahasresultedinsignificantlaborcostsand delaysduetolosttimeinthetransportationofworkersto andfromtheprojectsite,transportation,tools,tools,etc.due

totrafficcongestion.Duetotheveryadvanceddevelopment of the earth's crust, there is a much restricted space for storage and directing of equipment. Deep work in the constructionsitecausespollution,dust,noise,airpollution, traffic congestion, other disturbances and ongoing disturbancetopeoplelivinginnearbybuildings.Inthecase ofpre concreteconstruction,pre constructionofconcrete and structural concrete products is carried out in easily accessibleareasawayfromcongestedfacilities.Wallpanels, beams,columns,slabs,stairs,facadesofbuildingsandother componentsaremadeundercontrolledconditionsinareas with sufficient working and storage space. Precast components are made of high strength, durable steel and high quality concrete in cast iron or glass fiber, which provides a repetitive and economical recycling. Precast Concrete is a building product that is made by throwing concrete on the skin and can be stored in a controlled environment,placedona constructionsiteandthenlifted andplacedinplace.Partoftheprecastconcreteisoneofthe structures in place. Locally applied concrete is commonly used, where its basic materials are readily available anywhere in the country. But with the total cost of construction,constructionspeed,highqualityofwork,low weightbuildingandenvironmentallyfriendlyprojects,the emptyconcretepartisanotherdevelopersolution.Inorder toimprovetheinfrastructuretheprecastconcreteindustry isheavilyinfluencedbyGovernment initiatedprojects.

1.2 Traditional Warring Walls V / S Precast

In the past bricks were considered the best choice for composite walls to work with them and now precast compositewallsaregettingalotofattentionwithabetter design.Precastcompositewallsareavailableinavarietyof sizes,shapes,designs,colorsthatmakeupaclassicbuilding design, which not only looks beautiful but also saves constructiontime.

1.2.1 Traditional composite walls

• Traditional composite walls are made of clay and other heating systems, the durability of which depends on the qualityoftheconcreteusedduringtherepair.

• The construction of a traditional wall (around 100mtr) takesatleast7daystobuildandanother7daysforwater healingthatrequireslonginstallationandhardwork.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

•Intermsofbuildingmaterialsandconstructionprocesses, theconstructionoftraditionalbrickwallsisveryexpensive.

• Traditional brick walls are not as strong as precast compositewallsIts150mmthickbrickscanbeeasilybroken withstandardhandtools.

•Ifbrickwallsarebuiltinareaswithwetweather,theycan easilybedamagedbytheweather.

•Inthe event ofa failure during construction,we need to buildapproximatelyanewcompound.

•Thedurablematerialofabrickwalldependsonthequality ofthesize,the qualityof thesand, and the craftsmanship, makingitnaturallyweak.

1.2.2 Precast Compound Walls

• Precast composite walls are made of concrete and steel thatareheavyanddurablecomparedtoconventionalbrick walls.

•Theconstructionofa100mtrintegratedwalltakesabout2 days which greatly reduces the time required to build the wall.

• Compared with traditional brick walls these walls are expensiveandofferalonglastinglife.

•Thesewallshavestrongropesevery75mmandcanonly becutwithamachine.

•Precastwallsareresistanttomold,fire,andmoistureand havenoeffectonthem.

• In the event of a failure during construction, only a few columnsmaybeaffectedsothatwecanreplacethosepanels only.Bymakingsmalladjustmentpanelsthatcanbereused.

•Precastpanelsprovidehighsecurity.Thepanelsaremade ofsolidreinforcedconcrete withhighqualityconcretefor mechanicalcutting.

1.3 Introduction To Precast RCC Wall Panals

Precast Concrete is a building product that is made by throwing concrete on the skin and can be stored in a controlledenvironment,placedona constructionsiteand thenliftedandplacedinplace.Partoftheprecastconcreteis one of the structures in place. Locally applied concrete is commonly used, where its basic materials are readily availableanywhereinthecountry.Butwiththetotalcostof construction,constructionspeed,highqualityofwork,low weightbuildingandenvironmentallyfriendlyprojects,the emptyconcretepartisanotherdevelopersolution.Inorder toimprovetheinfrastructuretheprecastconcreteindustry is heavily influenced by Government initiated projects. However,thesearealsowidelyusedinresidential(lowand

high)andfunctionalbuildingsduetotheirvariousattractive features.Theefficiency,durability,ease,costeffectiveness, andnaturalpropertiesoftheseproductshavebroughtabout a new transformation in the construction of any building. The construction industry is a huge energy intensive industry,andpre playedconcreteproductsarestrongand will continue to operate more economically than their counterparts.Thewiderangeofdesigns,colorsanddesign options offered by these products also makes it a good choiceforitscustomers.Ordinaryconcreteisstrongbuthigh in personal weight. This feature affects the ease of the Constructionwhichwillextendtheconstructiontime.More constructionworkersareneededtoacceleratetheprogress oftheconstructionwork.Duetotheincreaseinstaff,costs willalsoincrease.Traditionalmethodsofdismissalinvolving three problems; that is, dirty, heavy and dangerous have alwaysbeenassociatedwiththeconstructionindustry.The constructionindustrysuffersfromlowproductivity,safety andqualitycontrolduetothissituation.Thematerialsused for precast concrete structures are provided as concrete, structural steel and bolts, steel reinforcement, and non cement materials (rubber & mastics used for soft bearing pads, Elastomeric bearings Neoprene, backing strips etc.). Manydifferenttypesofconcreteconcretemoldingsystems vary in size, purpose, and cost can be used for structural purposes.

1.4 Materials Used For Precast Concrete

Concrete Concrete is often the preferred material for exterior walls in commercial buildings due to its high structural integrity and low repair requirements. Unlike other building materials, concrete develops its maximum strength in the first 30 days but continues to increase strength in the life of the building. Since buildings have a demolition relationship over time, rather than evolving, concreteisaninterestingvariation.Thehydrationprocessis the source of its non traditional age for advanced years. Water installation is continuous and concrete structures becomelonger;asthecompoundsincrease,theyconnectand form a powerful unit. Precast concrete structure is of the highest possible quality both in terms of strength and durability. Concrete is poured into pure metal forming, to producecommonelementssuchascolumnsandbeams.The useofattachedfiltersattachedtothecorrectoscillationby the size and weight of the completed mold ensures the correct density to a size of 2400kg / m3 (without tightening).Thehigherthefinishingeffect,thelessporosity thegreaterthehardness.

Steel Reinforcement Steelprovideshighfrictionandshear strength to correct what the concrete means. Iron and concretebehaveinthesamewayinchangingplaceswhich meanstheywillshrinkandexpandwithconcrete,helpingto avoidcracking.Rebaristhemostcommonwaytostrengthen concrete.Itisusuallymadeofsteel,withribbingtoattachto theconcreteasitheals.Rebarisflexibleenoughtobendor

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jointosupporttheshapeofanyconcretestructure.Rebaris themostcommonwaytostrengthenconcrete.Itisusually made of steel, with ribbing to attach to the concrete as it heals.Rebarisflexibleenoughtobendorjointosupportthe shape of any concrete structure. Carbon steel is the most commonrebarmaterial.However,stainlesssteel,rawsteel andepoxycoatingcanbeusedtopreventcorrosion.Thehot tubribs(HTrebar)isusedin95%ofcases,evenforshaving relativeswheresoftmetalmaybeappropriate.

Structural Steel and Bolts Theseincluderectangularand rectangularfoldedsections(RHS,SHS),solidbillets,channels and angles, plates and welded tees, etc. In most cases the mostemphasizedsupportiswheredirectcontactbetween concreteareasshouldbeavoided.steelparts&curvedorflat metal plates are welded to make used metal connectors. Dippedheatersareusedforopencommunication,suchas dovetail channels of brick ties. Sturdy adhesive bolts are usedinspecial caseswhere theintegrityandsafetyofthe connectionismadebystandardboltsintheopeningholes.

Non Cementations Material Communicationwhererapid energygainisrequired,e.g.upto40N/mm2in2 3hours, epoxy basedmetalsareusedtopartiallyorcompletely.Heat expansion of epoxy material 7 times than concrete. NeastreneElastomericbearings,rubber&masticsusedfor softbearingpads,backingstrips,etc.

1.4 Motivation of research

Nowadays construction costs, quality and speed of constructionplayasignificantroleintheinstallationofthe building. The precast concrete elements are a solution for building construction due to the economic benefits of constructionspeed.Communicationbetweenthepanelsis veryimportantasitaffectsboththespeedoftheassembly andtheoverallreliabilityofthestructure.Precastconcrete wall panels have many advantages over cast in situ members,whichincludereliablequality,suspensionspeed, andhighconcretestrength.Recently,aprecastprocesswas adoptedtoaddressthisissuesuchasspeed,qualityandcost. Inthisproject,researchisdoneonaprecastconcretewall panel in which the option of a stable structure, which providesdurability,reducedhumidityandairpermeability, energy efficiency, recycled content, recycling, low weight, andlowmaintenance.Communicationbetweenthepanelsis veryimportantbecausetheyprovidemonolithicalstructure ofthestructure.

1.6 Objective

The main objective of this project is to find a suitable constructionmethodthatislow costandoffersaminimum of time by conducting comparative research between previousconstructionandconventionalconstruction.

• Improving low cost, solid precast composite wall using othermaterials.

•Determiningalltheelementsbetweenaprecastwallanda brickwall.

•Determiningstabilitystability,costanalysis,precastwall timeanalysis.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

In this chapter the following research paper has been researchedtodothiswork.

Mr.KartikJanakram(2018)ResearchconductedonICW 25 (Internal Cavity Wall) 'Precast Concrete Non loading partitionwallbuilding'ICW 25isanadvancedtechnology forproducingprecastconcretewallthatincorporatesmatrix strength. with a rib profile, which improves structural stability. A thickness of 25mm is achieved due to the suspensionwhichpreventsbendingwide.TheseLIGHTING LIGHTShaveauniqueTWINspacewallpanelattachedtothe backwitha50mmairgap,whichhelpsresourcesbeadded after the construction of the panels on one side. ICW 25 panels improve work quality and reduce load on the building.Itslowsizeresultsinareductioninrawmaterial.It lastsalongtimeandisaffordable.

A.Surekha,J.D.ChaitanyaKumarandE.Arunakanthi(2016) Across sectionalstudyofthedesignof‘pre distributedload bearingwall’statesthatthelateralloadofastoreybuilding is the most important factor to consider in design. To determinetheimpactofearthquakesandtheeffectsofwind onamultistorybuilding,astudyoftheG+11precastload bearing wall was performed. Four different earthquake zones and all air zones are considered for analysis using ETABS. Structural response due to rear loads with a combinationofloadsisexcluded.Impactofsideloadinoff planetimes,axialstrength,shearstrength,baseshear,high floor slope and strong shear wall thickness are planned. Finally,theimpactoftheearthquakeandtheatmosphereis divided.

DineshKumaretal.(2015)conductedastudytostudythe currentstateoftheprecastconstructionindustryinIndia.In his study two important factors are considered cost and time. Forthispurposethedata collectionwasdoneinthe form of a questionnaire and from this study the current statusandscopeofthepredictivestrategiesareunknown. The residential structure is taken as an example and comparisonsaremade.Comparisonshaveshownthatthere isasignificantcostdifferencebetweenthemethods,where prefab is much higher compared to conventional for each typeofhousing.Prefabricatedconstructionofthecostofa two story apartment is 13% higher than conventional construction. This is the main advantage of prefab constructionwhichisnotcost effectiveconstructioninthis case.Atthesametimeprefabconstructioniseasytooperate andreducesprojectlength,reducedby63dayscomparedto normal. At this stage conventional construction is more economical and comfortable compared to previous construction.

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Siva Priya et al. (2009) conducted this study, as the constructionindustrychangeditsapproachtoconventional methods with various new techniques in the construction and selection process. Precast Construction Methods can enhance productivity and quality of work through better constructionequipment,materials,buildingmaterials,and comprehensive pre project planning. This research is important because there is no organized body. In this research thesis precast construction and conventional method are compared and it is found that the total cost requiredtoconstructabuildingusingtheprecastconcrete method is reduced by 20% compared to the conventional method.

AkashLankeetal.,(2016)developedathesistoanalyzethe structure,costandtimeofpre builtbuildingsandtheRCC. Apart from these factors a variety of other minor factors suchasconstructionspeed,qualitycontrol,environmental conditions, human resources, durability, connection, size, position etc. are also considered for analysis. Cost and durationcomparedtomajorfactors.onebuildingischosen as an example and the Design is designed for the same structureastheprecastbuildingandtheTraditionalCastin situbuilding.Inthisanalysisitissurprisinglycommonthat the cost of a precast building is greatly reduced and the construction time is also much less than the traditional method. From all this research we can conclude that the precast concrete system is more economical than conventionalinstallationbuttherearestillsomefactorsthat wemust takeinto account whenusing precast,thatis the construction cost, the distance from the production unit. , Structuretypeetc.

SoumaAlhajetal.(2016)madeathesisonthedevelopment of pre concrete production. The production process is thereforeinvestigatedusingaproductiondelaymodel.Forty cycledata isusedforanalysis.Theimpactofcomparisons androbustnessismeasuredbyfivecausesofdelays,namely: personnel, environment, management, equipment and materials in the productivity of the entire system. It is obtained by analyzing the production delay of the item, followedbytheavailabilityofequipmentandthefactthat workerscontributesignificantlytothesystemdelay.Second, statistical analysisduringtheinputcycleofthethree pre broadcast segments is performed, to confirm whether the apparentdelayinthefirststepisduetothevariabilityofthe previous character fragments. It has been concluded that futureworkistodevelopadecision makingmodelthatcan be used by production and construction managers to improvecropproductionandenvironment.

LowCostHousingPublishedbyRinkuTaurandVidyaDevi (2016) (TCE Consulting Engineers Ltd, New Delhi). This paper aims to highlight the various aspects of low cost construction methods of low cost housing by highlighting differentbuildingstrategies,aswellastheeconomicbenefits achievedthroughitsadoption.Thecurrentmajormethodsof

constructionplansconsideredhereare,buildingblockwalls, small block walls, prefabricated roofing parts such as RC panels, hollow concrete panels, pre built concrete / Ferro cementpanels.

3. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Inthischapterthefollowingmethodsareusedtoconduct, evaluate, collect information, analyze and complete this work.

3.1 Material Used:

1. The standard Portland cement grade 53,whichmeets therequirementsofIS12269:1987(reaffirmed1999)was used in this study. Aggregates, which comprise 60 to 75 percent of the total amount of concrete, are divided into severaldifferentcategories,androughorfine.OPC53Grade CementisrequiredtocomplywiththedefinitionofBISIS: 12269 1987 with a capacity designed for 28 days at a minimumof 53MPaor530 kg/sqcm.The53GradeOPC provideshigh strengthand durability ofstructuresdue to the distribution of suitable particles and a very high gloss structure.The53rdgradecementisPortlandCement(OPC), themostwidelyusedcementinIndia.Grade53cementgets 27MPa(compressionstrength)in3days.Anditisaquick set upcementamongothergrades.

2. M sand isusedasapositiveaggregateinthisproject.Dust is selected from a nearby source as raw material without processing the dust from the quarry. Quarry dust is a productoftheprocessingofgraniterocksthatbreakupinto roughcompoundsofvarioussizes.M Sandhasbeenusedasa substitute for a good amount. The density of the sand producedwas1860kg/m³,thespecificgravityandfineness moduluswerefoundtobe2.56and3.10respectively.

3. Typical broken granite letters with sizes 16mm, 12mm and 8mm areusedonthepanel.Aggregateactsasa guarantee of adding strength to composite materials, concrete.Salaryaggregatesareparticleslargerthan4.75mm, butgenerallyvarybetween9.5mmto37.5mmindiameter.It canbefromprimary,secondaryorrecycledsources.Basic, or'pure',collectionsincludeLand orMarine Won.Gravelis a winning marine compound; halls found in the world consistofstoneandcrushedstone.Stonescomprisealarge portion of the coarse concrete used with crushed stone makingupthebulkoftheresidue.

4. Master Glenium-8233 isusedasacompositeinmaking thesewallpanels.MasterGlenium8233isanewgeneration compound based on modified polycarboxylic ether. The productisprimarilydevelopedforuseinhighperformance concrete where high durability and performance are required. MasterGlenium 8233 is low in chloride and low alkali.Compatiblewithalltypesofcement.

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RecommendedUseofMasterGlenium 8233

•Rheodynamicconcreteproduction

•Highconcreteperformancefordurability

•Highstrengthconcreteearlyandfinally

•Highperformancewithoutseparationorbleeding

•Precast&Pre stressedConcrete

•Concretecontainingpozzolanssuchasmicrosilica,GGBFS, PFAincludinghigh volumeflyashash

5. 8mm and 6mm diameter steel isusedasasurety,using astandardfasteningcord.TheTMT500DisaTMTbarwith strongribs,usedforreinforcingconcrete.Thehighstrength ofthisbaris500MPaand'D'representsitshighductility, thusdefiningacertainnomenclature.Energyconsistencyis guaranteedfortheentirelengthoftherebarasthelevelof impurities such as Sulfur and Phosphorous is kept below 0.075%inconstruction.The TATATiscon500Dcomplies withthehighlyrevisedstandards(lastrevised2012)setby theBureauofIndianStandards(BIS).

3.2 Methodology

Inthepresentstudy,theM53rangewithacombinationof namessuchasIS456 2000wasused.Theportionofmixing concrete(cement:fineaggregate:coarseaggregate)is1:1.8: 2.925byvolumeandawatercontentof0.42istaken.The addedweightofthemixtureis1.90Kg/m3.

3.2.1 Concrete Mix Design

ThemeasuringmixisdesignedforaTargetMeanStrengthof 38.25N/mm2andafactorstrengthof30N/mm2@28 days.

Table 3.1: Mix proportions for 1m3 of concrete

MassofCementinkg/m3 400

MassofWaterinkg/m3 160

MassofFineAggregateinkg/m3 720

MassofCoarseAggregateinkg/m3 1170

MassofAdmixtureinkg/m3 190

WaterCementRatio 042

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Byconductingthisresearchanddataanalysisthefollowing resultsweredevelopedbasedonexperimentalandresearch studies.

4.1 Test on concrete

4.1.1 Compressive Strength Test

Inspection of solid concrete area in an important role in controllingandensuringthequalityofcementwork.Oneof the most important properties of solid concrete is its strength represents the ability of concrete to withstand strength.Whenthenatureofenergyistoproducepressure, energy is called the force of pressure. The compressive strengthofsolidconcreteisgenerallyconsideredtobethe most valuable asset and is generally considered to be an indicationofthetotalamountofconcretedefinedastheload thatcausesthefailureofthesample,eachcrasssectionunit uncomfortably. pressure below a given loading level. Test tubesarepreparedasspecifiedandstoredfortreatmentfor 3, 7 and 14 days. Tests are performed on the density test machineasperthespecificationsspecifiedintheIScode.

Table

4.1: Compressive strength of Concrete

SpecimenNo. No. of days cured Load on cubes (tons)

Strength (N/mm2) 1 3 53 23.108 2 7 68 29.65 3 14 80 34.88 4 28 95 42.25 0

Loads on Cubes Strength

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4.2 Slump Test

Unsupported concrete when burned will flow to the sides andwillsinktoaheight.Thisstraightforwardlivingspaceis known as a slump. Slump measurement indicates the consistencyorefficiencyofcementconcretegivesanideaof the water content required for concrete to be used for variousfunctions.Concreteissaidtobeeffectiveifitisnot easilymixedandeasilylaid,gluedtogether.Activeconcrete should not show any separation or bleeding. Separation occurswhenacoarseamounttriestoseparatefromthefine material and the aggregate reduction of roughness in one placeoccurs.Thisresultsinlargervoids,lessdurabilityand lessstrength.Bleedingoccurswhenmorewaterrisesover the concrete. This causes small holes in the amount of concreteandisnotrequired.Deteriorationincreaseswith increasingW/Crate.Totestthecomponentsofthemixare calculated.Mixthedrypartswelltogetthesamecolorand addwater.ThetestsareperformedasISspecificationsand theresultsaretabulated.

Table 4.2: Slump value for concrete mix

Water Cement Ratio Slump (mm) 0.42 290

4.3 FABRICATION AND INSTALLATION

4.3.1 Fabrication

Bar Bending The Rebar bends to get the required shape andlength.Thesizeoftherebar,thespaceandthelengthof the lap are determined according to the diagrams. Metal plumbing, safety steel pipes, seats, hoisting hooks and fittingsmustbeproperlyinstalledandproperlyprotected. Usingaproductionrigcanhelpensuretheaccuracyofthe rebar adjustment and space. Where necessary, tacking welding can be done to secure these items. Adequate numbers of spaces of appropriate size must be properly placedandsecuredtoachievetherequiredconcretecover duringmolding.Withpre stressedconcreteelement,suchas planks, pulling the strings should only be done when the releaseagentisdrytosomedegreethatwillnotcontaminate thewires.Checkandmakesurealldetailsarecompletewith drawings

Concrete mixing Check the quality of concrete used in termsofdesignspecifications.Performdemolitiontestsin accordancewithISstandardstochecktheeffectivenessof concrete mix before applying concrete to the skin. A mechanical mixer is used for mixing concrete. Add 2: 5: 7 ratio.Whilemixing300mlofadmixture(masterglenium 8233)isappliedwith50kgofcement.

Molding MolddetailsandcontactsISMB200,ISMC200,60 ×6mmflat,5mmsheet(spacedsheet)materialsusedfor

mold.Thedifferentpartsofthemoldarefixedusingabolt connection.Itshouldbecheckedthatthejointsandedgesof the mold, bolts are well secured. The size of the mold is withinthespecifiedtolerance.Themoldusedinthisprocess should be clean and free of debris and mud that can be removedusingasieveormeasuringstick.Engineoiloran agentthatremovesmoldshouldbeappliedevenlyoverthe mold.Thetypeofmoldisdeterminedbythecostorrevenue generated.TheprocessofformingRebarobjectsthrownin, theliftinghooksshouldbewellpositionedandwellsecured. Weldingisdonetoprotecttheproperty,wherenecessary.A sufficient number of spaces of the correct size must be properly placed and secured to achieve the required concrete cover during molding. The prepared concrete mixture is poured on the skin, the droplet height of the concretemixshouldnotexceed1meter.Vibrationshouldbe performedusing3000rpm,150hpvibrator,tipneedle.The toplayerofconcreteistrampled.Finishingisdoneusinga roller.

Demolition and Treatment Duringdemolitionconcrete strength must be high to overcome gravity and collisions duringdemolition.Thecraneisusedfordemolition,dueto its weight. The mold is placed in such a way that the wall panelrestsonthefloor.Loosenandremoveallboltsandfill inthevariousmoldforms. Themoldhasnow beenraised using a crane, a small hammer will ensure the release of mold from the panel due to vacuum emissions. Sufficient healingtimeisdeterminedbytheareayouwant.Thewall panels are covered with water mats and cured for three days. After 3 days of treatment, the wall panel will be replaced.

4.3.2 Transport

Wallpanelsarecheckedbeforeshipment.Requiredsymbols andnumbersarecreatedtoavoidconfusioninthearea.A6 wheeledtruckwillhavealimitof10tons,sothefourpanels will have8.8tons.The wallsarehorizontallyalignedwith thetruckandfittedwithappropriatepackagingmaterialsso thattheydonotjumpandmoveonthetruck.Loadingthe truckpanelswillbedoneusingacrane.

4.3.3 Installation

Digging1footdeepand600mmwideisdone.Placed100mm thickPCCbed.Thewallpanelisloweredintothetransport vehicleusingacrane.ThewallisplacedonaPCCbed,witha gap of 2 inches or other suitable space between the walls dependingonthelayoutplan.Panelalignmentischecked, andgoodadjustmentscanbemade.Theleftrebarfromthe bottom of the wall is welded with an 8mm rebar for the entire length. Fill in the foundation space using the remainingearthwork.Thegapbetweenthepanelsisfilled with mud and can be closed with matches and filled with mud.

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4.4 Stability Check

Thestabilityofawallpanelindifferenttypesofsoilcanbe achievedbyusingtheindividualweightofthewallpanel,the baseareaandtheSBCofthespecificsoil.Thepricesgiven belowforthesafecarryingcapacityofvarioustypesofsoil areinaccordancewiththeNationalBuildingCodeofIndia (SP7).

4.5 Cost Analysis

Volumeof1wall (2.44X2.82X0.1)+2(0.5X0.08X0.15) + (0.4 X 0.1X 2.44) = 0.815m3 Considering the volume of itemslistedabovetheestimatedcostof1wallmaterialisRs. 57.Forthepurposeofcostanalysissomeresearchisdone. Estimatedcostsarecalculatedfromtheconstructionofthe factorybuildinginconventionalmethods(usingbricksand blocksofC.C.)andarecomparedwiththepanelconstruction methodaslistedbelowinTable4.3.

Table 4.3: Cost comparison for construction

Type of construction

Cost of construction (in INR)

Conventionalconstructionusing Bricks 1,583,150.00

Conventionalconstructionusing C.CBlocks 1,400,750.00

PanelConstruction 1,000,130.00

4.6 Time Analysis

Theaveragetimerequiredforvariousactivitiesisnotedand tabulatedbelowforonewallfabrication.

Table 4.4: Time required for fabrication, shifting and placing of one wall

Work Time Required

BarBending 2hours

Molding 1hours

Demolding 20minutes

Curing 3days

Loadingatfactory 20minutes

Transporttosite Dependsonsitelocation

Unloading 15minutes

Placing 10minutes

5. CONCLUSION

Throughtheconductofthisstudythefollowingconclusions were made based on exploratory research and research. ResearchontheuseofRCCwallpanelshasyieldedexcellent results in major construction problems such as reduced construction time, clearing the view of reusable concrete buildings, replacement of natural sand with M sand, significant reduction in work these major concerns these days.

Thefollowingresearchhassignificantlynotedthefollowing;

•ReplacementofnaturalsandwithMsandresultsina70% reduction in sand cost making the wall panels more economicalinthecurrentsandshortagesituation.

•Timelyanalysishasshownthatbuildingusingwallpanels isfasterthan56%significantconstructionasproductionis doubled.

•Panelsaremorestablethanconventionalbrickwallsasthe memberismuchsmaller.

•Thejointsbetweenthewallsaremadeofmortarstripsto remove and the planks can be reused. This suggests that concretestructurescanbereusedassteelstructures.

•Thecostanalysisofasimplefactoryconstructionproject hasshownthattheconstructionofwallpanelsreducescosts byabout30to35%.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TheauthorsaregratefultotheGURUNANAKINSTITUTEOF TECHNOLOGY, NAGPUR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA ,for providingguidancesandresourcestocarryoutthiswork.

REFERENCES

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[3] ACI Committee 533 (2012): Guide to Precast Concrete WallPanels.

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