Low Cost Filtration For Grey water With Constructed Wetland

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Low Cost Filtration For Grey water With Constructed Wetland

Prof. Arpita A. Nandanwar1, Mamta R. Borikar2, Vrushali Kumbhare3 , Pallavi There4 , Pravin Thakare5, Akash Lohakare6

Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India1 UG Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India2,3,4,5,6 ***

Abstract Filthy water emerging from the washbasin, restrooms, shower, and clothes washer with the exceptionof a latrine known as "dim water." This treated dark water can be utilized in lawngardens. Developed wetlands are progressively used to treat wastewater. This study was directed with the point of tracking down an answer for the treatment of dim water. The treatment process is minimal expense, straight forward and comprehensive. Dim water was sanitized by developed wetlands. Thedeveloped wetlands address onemore area of disinfection since they are similarly powerful in eliminating contamination. The developed wetland has a filtration cycle to eliminate contaminations from wastewater. In this program we will oversee dim water for example from the wash bowl, restroom and so forth.

Key Words: Greywater, Constructed wetlands, low cost filtration.

1. INTRODUCTION

In this specific venture we are learning about the Low expenseFiltrationforGreywaterwithConstructedWetland. The Natural wastewater treatment frameworks are straightforward, minimal expense strategies that use the physical,compoundand organiccyclesthathappeninthe regularhabitatbetweenwater,soil,plants,microorganisms and the environment. Normal for dark water is that it frequently contains high convergences of effectively degradablenaturalmaterial,forexamplefat,oilandother natural substances from cooking, build ups from cleanser and cleansers. The persistent decrease in disinfection inclusion could be ascribed to the roaring populace development,quickurbanizationandabsenceofinterestin the area. Present day, wastewater treatment innovations havebecomeprogressivelyperplexingwiththeprerequisite ofgenerallycomplexandcostlyplants.

Vegetation place and significant job in squander water treatment wetland. Plants give a substrate to microorganisms, which are the main processers of waste water impurities. Plants likewise gives microorganisms a wellspringofcarbon.Plantshaveextrasite explicitworthby givinglivingspacetonatural lifeandmakingwastewater treatmentframeworktastefullysatisfying.Wetlandtypesof

alldevelopmentstructureshavebeenutilizedintreatment wetlands. Built wetland are an endorsed squander water treatment framework and have been utilized effectively overall to treat different sorts of waste water including stormwater,modern,home grown,agrarian,mineseepage and landfill leachate Groundwater is generally utilized as savouringreasoncountryregion.Squanderwatertreatment isahugeuniverse,andisproduceinvariousconditionwith variousextent.Theissueofdimwatertheexecutiveswhich ischaracterizeasallwellspringsofhome grownwastewater barring latrine squander water is acquiring and more significance,particularlyinnon industrialnationswhereill advisedadministrationisoneofmostsignificantreasonsfor naturalcontaminationanddeadlysicknesses.Appropriate dimwatertheboard,containingassortment,treatmentand reuseorremoval,forestallspersonintouchwithitandcut offpointsmicroorganismmove.Asoundtreatmentlikewise emphatically affects the close by water bodies, since it restricts the contribution of supplements and in this way eutrophication. Dim water the executives isn't just a free conditionforspotlessandsounddaytodayenvironments,it likewise hasan extraordinarypotential for reuse. Treated darkwaterinadecentralizedmannerisreusedforanentire scope of use all over the planet; in emerging nations, the reuse of treated dim water for water system designs is generally normal. The point of this work was to give an outlineonthewritinginthefieldofdimwater,treatmenton family level in emerging nations. This research paper conducted a detailed study of grey water and where grey waterisproduced.Greywatercomesfromthetreesofthe bathroom sinks and kitchen sinks, Narges Shamabadi, Mahamood Farahani.et. al. (2015) [1]. The university has recommendedtheuseofadripfilterwithsuspendedplastic media. In this flow filter the waste particles are removed from the system with a 1cm mesh screen and water is evaporated into a sealed septic tank and the result is pumped into a flow filter consisting of plastic and mud, Hazart e masoumeh [2]. In this research paper they concludedthattheconstructionofwetlandsisaneffective treatmentforgraywater,K.Soundaranayaki(2017)[3].In thisresearchpaperfirstpurificationofwateriscarriedout, inthispaperthegraywateristreatedusingarootsystem with a fixed root in the wetlands column, Mr. Sarang K. Dighe,Prof.S.R.Korke(2018)[4].Thispaperdiscussesthe needforgraywater,thefeaturesandtechnologiesofgray

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

watertreatmenthowtorecyclewaterandreusecleanwater can reduce our need for clean water for nondrinking purposes. The government should also promote the implementation of a gray water treatment plant in large buildings,facilities,publicareas,andthemaintenanceofa single house, especially in areas where water is scarce, Sonali Manna (2018) [5]. This paper discusses water conservation as a result of water treatment and re use of urban contexts in the developing world, explaining about design,performanceappraisal,waterconservationandthe benefitsofwatercollection,cleaningandre useinNagpurto anurbanfamily,Shankardhoneet.Al.,(2011)[6].

1.1 Objectives

 Tominimizethewaterpollutionwhichisincreased due to discharge of grey water and black water directlyintotherivers.

 Recycle and reuse of waste water for economic profits.

 Tofindaneconomicalwaytotreatwater.

1.2 Water Consumption Survey

The survey for water consumption was divided into threeparts which involved bathroom, washing machine and kitchen, water consumption was 37,000 m3 /day forbathroom, 136,500 m3 day for washing machines and 5,000 m3/day for cooking. The overall result as in Figure 2 the high volume of grey water generated by washing machine at 76%, 21% of bathroom and 3 % of kitchen. Similarly, according to the 51 % of washing machine, 25 % of bathroom and 15 % of kitchen.From resultshowsthemaximumofgreywaterusedwaswashing machine because the regular occupants used washing machinetwiceperweekforeveryperson.

1.3 Characteristics of Gray Water

A huge gathering of information concerning physical and compoundqualitiesofdimwater.Byandlargedarkwateris separated in four dim water classes in view of its starting point:washroom,clothing,kitchenandblendedbeginning.

1.3.1 Gray Water From Bathroom

Waterutilizedclosebywashingandwashingcreatesaround 50to60%ofabsolutedimwaterandisviewedasthemost un sullied sort of dark water. Normal compound toxins incorporatescleanser,cleanser,hair color,toothpasteand cleaningitems.Itadditionallyhassomefacialtainting(and therelatedmicrobesandinfections)throughbodywashing.

1.3.2 Gray Water From Cloth Washing

Wateruseinmaterialwashingcreatesaround25to30%of complete dim water. Squander water from the materials washingchangesinqualityfromwashwatertoflushwater to second wash water. Dim water created because of materialwashingcanhavefacialdefilementwiththerelated microorganismsandparasiteslikemicrobes.

1.3.3 Gray Water From Kitchen

Kitchen dim water contributes around 10% of the all out dimwatervolume.Itistaintedwithfoodparticles,oils,fats anddifferentsquanders.Itpromptlyadvancesandsupports thedevelopmentofmicroorganisms.

1.4 Parameters Affecting the Characteristics of Grey Water

Thecompositionofgreywaterdependsonseveralfactors, includingsourcesandinstallationfromwherethewateris drawn:

Quality and type of water supply (ground water wellorpipedwater)

Kitchen bathroom

washingmachine

Fig.1 Removal % of grey water produce from household activities.

Typeofdistributionnetfordrinkingwater

Typeofdistributionnetforgreywater(becauseof leaching from piping, chemical and biological processesinthebio filmonthepipingwalls

Activitiesinthehousehold(lifestyle,customand useofchemicalproducts).

Installation from which grey water is drawn (kitchen sink, bathroom, hand basin or laundry wash.

Type of source: house hold or industrial uses like commerciallaundries.

Geographicallocation

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 Demographicsandlevelofoccupancy

 Quantityofwaterusedinrelationtothedischarged amountsofsubstances.

The composition of grey water also varies with time “becauseofthevariationsinwaterconsumptioninrelation tothedischargedamountofsubstances.

1.5 Properties of Water

Thepropertiesofwatermakeitreasonableforpeopletoget by in contrasting weather patterns. Water is described by complex bizarre properties that separate it from different substances.Wateristhegeneraldissolvablebecauseofits polar nature. It breaks up countless different synthetic substances.Itspropertiesareasperthefollowing:

1.5.1

Physical properties of Water: -

Water has numerous extraordinary actual properties. It exists in every one of the three actual conditions of issue: strong,fluid,andgasatclimatictemperaturesandtensions. Water has an extremely high unambiguous intensity limit and a high intensity of vaporization. The two properties emergebecauseofbroadhydrogenholdingbetweenwater atoms. Water's exceptionally high unambiguous intensity limitisadecentvehicleforspreadingtheworld'sintensity. Waterhashighthickness,whichreliesuponthebrokedown solids and temperature of the water. Water is genuinely specialsinceitislessthickasstrong(ice)thanasafluid.

Themostextremethicknessoffluidwaterhappensat4ºC. Water has a high surface pressure when contrasted with different fluids because of solid union between particles. Surface pressure is answerable for fine activity, which permitswatertotravelthroughtheunderlyingfoundations ofplants.Wateristhesubstanceofwhichstrongstatecan drift on fluid state. Different properties of water like softening point, edge of boiling over, consistency, slow warming and cooling are consequence of intermolecular hydrogenholdingbetweenwaterparticles.

1.5.2 Chemical properties of Water: -

Waterhasnumerousinterestingattributesthatmakeitideal forever. Water is the synthetic substance with compound recipe H2O and bowed shape. Water is a fluid at room temperature because of hydrogen holding. In the water particle both hydrogen iotas make a positive electrical chargewhiletheoxygenmoleculemakesanegativecharge, inthis manner water particlesispolar in nature. Water is thermallysteadyhoweverathighertemperaturesseparate intohydrogenandoxygengases.

Water can ionize itself to a tiny degree however in unadulteratedwaterthemeasuresofhydroniumparticles andhydroxideparticlesareequivalent.Thusunadulterated

waterisnonpartisan.Waterisanamphotericparticleitgoes aboutascorrosiveaswellasabase.Wateroxidizescarbon tocarbonmonoxideactingasanoxidizingspecialistwhileit lessenschlorinegastohydrogenchloridegoingaboutasa decreasingspecialist.

1.5.3

Biological properties of Water: -

Water is the general dissolvable on the grounds that it disintegrates wide scope of substances than other normal solvents4. Water functions as moving biotic atom, bio minerals, chemicals and nutrients to various pieces of creatureandplantbodies.Waterishugeforeveryoneofthe metabolic responses fundamental for life to happen in arrangementinthecytoplasmoflivingcells.

Water particles are glue because of polar nature and subsequently water sticks to other polar substances. This permitswatertomoveupwardsthroughthexylemofplants againstgravity.Waterbreaksupoxygengasfromairwhich isimportantforamphibianlife.

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Stabilization tank method

Adjustment tank is one of the minimal expense treatment usedtotreatdarkwater.Wateradjustmenttankintendedto treatthewastewaterandtodiminishthenaturalsubstance, microbes from squander water. Adjustment tank is a characteristicinteractionwhichrequiressomeinvestment since evacuationratesareslow.Adjustmenttank function admirablyalmostinallclimateandcantreatmostkindof wastewater. It is essentially a tank which greywater is permittopass,towardtheendtheparticleswillsettledown atthebaseandwewillgetthetreatedwatertowardtheend. Adjustmenttankisamodestotheroption.Itrequireshuge spaceascontrastwithothercycle.

2.2 Root zone wastewater treatment

InthisRootzonetechniquecovereveryoneofthenatural exercisesamongvariouskindsoforganisms,watersoiland sunRootzone.Therootzonewastewaterframeworkutilizes natural and actual treatment cycles to eliminate contaminationsfromwastewater.Itisacharacteristiccycle, there is compelling reason need to add any synthetics, mechanical siphons or any outside energy. Root zone wastewatertreatmentlikewisediminishesthesupportcost. It is likewise one of minimal expense innovation to treat darkwater.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

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BOD given on page no 31/EE/(BECVE303P) was used. 

COD: given on page no 33/EE/(BECVE303P) was used

4. EXAMINATION OF SAMPLES

Groundwatersamplesofvariouslocationswereanalyzedfor determination of degree of pollution with respect to the followingphysicochemicalparametersforinvestigation.

pH

Fig. 2 Root zone wastewater treatment in constructed wetland

3. STANDARD METHODS ADOPTED FOR ANALYSIS

Thegroundwatersamplescollectedfromvariousselected locationswereanalyzedforphysicochemicalparametersin ordertodeterminedegreeofpollution.Standardmethods givenin“Watersupplyandsanitaryengineeringprepared and published by B.C. Punmia in Laxmi Publication and Environmental Engineering I manual (BECVE303P) were used for determination of various physicochemical parameters.

 pH: Electrometric method no given on page no 02/EE/(BECVE303P)wasused.







CONDUCTIVITY:Laboratorymethod givenonpage no05/EE/(BECVE303P)wasused.

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS: given on page no 10/EE/(BECVE303P)wasused.

TURBIDITY:givenonpageno13/EE/(BECVE303P) wasused.

EC(ElectricalConductivity)

T.D.S.(TotalDissolvedSolids)

T.H.(TotalHardness)

CaHardness

MgHardness

T.A.(TotalAlkalinity)





TOTALALKALINITY:Thetitrationmethodgivenon page no 22/EE/(BECVE303P) was used. For total alkalinitywasfollowed.

TOTAL HARDNESS: for determination of total hardness,givenonpageno26/EE/(BECVE303P) wasused.

Thedeterminationofheavymetalsconcentrationsinwater sample can be accomplished by various methods i.e., titrametric, gravimetric, colorimrtic, flame photometric method, ion chromatographic, atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS)etc.

5. RESULT & DISCUSSION

By conduction of this study & analysis of data following resulthasbeenmadebasedonexperimentalinvestigation andresearch.







CALCIUM HARDNESS: EDTA titration method givenonpageno26/EE/(BECVE303P)wasused.

MAGNESIUM HARDNESS: given on page no 26/EE/(BECVE303P)wasused.

CHLORIDE:givenonpageno07/EE/(BECVE303P) wasused.

Table 1. Concentration of various parameters at each stage of treatment system. (Sample 1) SR NO PARAMETER WASTE WATER SEDIMENTATION TANK(UNIT1) SAND & GRAVEL FILTER (UNIT 2)

1 Turbidity 145.1 34.1 19.08 2 TSS(mg/l) 155.3 19.53 12.32 3 TDS(mg/l) 688.5 649.1 638.03 4 TH(mg/l) 522.3 396.96 285.5 5 COD(mg/l) 176.3 153.22 152.39 6 BOD(mg/l) 56.65 49.76 47.53



JAR TEST: givenonpage no 29/EE/(BECVE303P) wasused.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

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6. CONCLUSIONS

For all pollutants removal efficiency was increased in the filtration stage. This stage was only to control the total treatmentsystem.Hencethefiltrationstagewasstudiedand performance evaluation for removal of load pollutants in greywaterateachfilterbedwasinvestigatedandisdepicted inabovefigures.Theresultspresentedinthisstudyareto establish the potential applicability of the developed low costtechnologicaltreatmentsystemespeciallyfortherural areasinwhicheconomicsisthemajorconstraint.

Fig. 3 % Removal efficiency of various parameters in each stage of treatment System

Table 2. Concentration of various parameters at each stage of treatment system.

(Sample 2)

SR.N O PARAMETE R WASTE WATER SEDIMENTATIO N TANK (UNIT 1)

SAND & GRAVEL FILTER(UNI T2)

1 Turbidity 160.4 54.32 34.17

2 TSS(mg/l) 163.2 29.31 18.321

3 TDS(mg/l) 752.3 721.31 672.6

4 TH(mg/l) 562.6 311.55 279.13

5 COD(mg/l) 183.2 160.25 101.16

6 BOD(mg/l) 59.24 50.43 48.5

This laboratory scale grey water treatment system is a combinationofnaturalandphysicaloperationswhichcould beappliedeasilywithoutanymaintenance.Allthenatural and easily available low cost materials were used for the treatment process. Economically the unit could be easily made available, the power supply, which is an important partoftheoperatingcostoftheconventionalsystemanditis atoday'smajorissueinIndia,isrequiredminimum,because systemworksonthenaturalforceforflowingofwaterfrom firststagetolaststage.

7. FUTURE SCOPE

Grey water treatment has very important in future internationallyandinIndiabecause,thequalityofwaterin ground level decreasing day by day and this is due to the domesticwasteandpollutionwhichdangerousdiseasesso, developingcountriesarenowworkingonwastewater.Ithas very good scope. After coming next years from now it is hoped that higher efficiencies in and effectiveness of the systemwouldallowlesswasteand betterrecyclingof the resources. We may see various technologies applied new trends.Perhapswaterandwastetreatmentwillcombined, and less waste water will be discharged to the rivers. Perhaps more facilities will utilize closed cycle systems, makingriverssaferandenvironmentallyfriendlier.

Constructed wetland for grey water filtration with better water treatment and delivery systems the public is increasingly concerned about whether we remove all the harmfulpathogens.Inthefutureminiconstructedwetlandis more useful because improve water quality for various irrigation purposes such as gardening, domestic uses etc. andalsorisethegroundwaterlevel.

REFERENCES

Fig. 4 % Removal efficiency of various parameters in each stage of treatment System

[1] Francis W. Kariuki, Kiplagat Kotut And Victor G. Nganga (2011) “ The Potential Of A Low Cost Technology For The Greywater Treatment” The OpenEnvironmentalJournal,2011,4,32 39

[2] SonaliManna(2018),“TreatmentOfGrayWaterFor ReusingInNon PotablePurposeToConserveWater In India” International Journal Of Applied

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

Environmental Sciences Volume 13, Number 8 (2018),Pp,703 716.

[3] K. Soundaranayaki (2017) “ Treatment Of Grey WaterUsingHorizontalFlowConstructedWetland” Journal Of Energy And Environmental Sustainability,4(2017)6 9.

[4] Mr.SarangK.Dighe,Prof.S.R.Korke(2018)“Grey Water Treatment In Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland”IJARIIE ISSN(O) 2395 4396Vol 4Issue 3 2018.

[5] J.S.Lambe“Greywater treatmentandreuse”IOSR JournalofMechanicalandCivilEngineering(IOSR JMCE)ISSN:2278 1684,PP:20 26

[6] Treatment Of Household Grey Water For Nonpotable Reuse.Phd Thesis Dissertation, HamburgUniversityOfTechnology,2009

[7] Deepika Mandel, Pawan Labhasetwar, Shankar Dhone, Ajay Shankar Dubey, Gagadhar Shinde, Satish Wate.(2011) “ Water Conservation Due To GreywaterTreatmentAndReuseInUrbanSetting WithSpecificContextToDevelopingCountries”.

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