International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Review Paper on Partial Replacement of Cement by Kaolinitic Clays or Calcined Clay Vrushank Joshi1, Rajul.K.Gajjar2, Poonam.I.Modi3 1Post
Graduate Student, Applied Mechanics Department, L.D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, India 2Principal, L.D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, India 3Assistant Professor, Applied Mechanics Department, L.D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract – Cement is the major constituent being used in
construction industry due to its high strength, easy availability, durability etc but apart from it, it also have some negative impact on environment as it is one of the major greenhouse gas emitter, So it is very necessary to reduce the cement by using supplementary cementitious materials such as Flyash, Silica Fume, Kaolin Clays etc without sacrificing strength & durability. Flyash, Silica Fume etc are having its availability in finite quantity and may be inadequate for future needs, Clay being plenty in quantity proves best option for Supplementary cementitious material. Therefore this paper presents the review of some research paper which uses Kaolinitic or Calcined clays for partially replacing cement. Research in this field & positive results in their research work are important to study further in sustainable construction activities and need to implement for sustainable construction. Key Words: Kaolinitic Clays, Calcined Clay, sustainable construction, Supplementary Cementitious material, pozzolona’s.
1. INTRODUCTION Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is used as a key constituent in the construction sector. During the production of OPC, large amount of carbon dioxide is emitted making OPC a major environmental pollutant. The production of OPC contributed approximately 5-7% of greenhouse gas [1]. To overcome this problem, the best way is to reduce the cement use by partially replacing it with supplementary cementitious material or pozzolanic material, Pozzolanic materials are siliceous and aluminous materials, which in themselves possess little or no cementitious value, but will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide liberated on hydration, at ordinary temperature, to form compounds, possessing cementitious properties. Various materials such as Flyash, Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), silica fume etc are well established pozzolanic materials, the use of fly ash as a pozzolana is well established in a number of countries abroad, but it has come in vogue in India only recently. Besides these, there are a large number of pozzolanic clay deposits of stained and impure kaolin’s, ferruginous or ocherous earths, altered laterites and bauxites, certain shales, etc, available in different parts of the country, which yield highly reactive © 2022, IRJET
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pozzolanic materials & Hence due to its large quantity , Clays becomes best option to satisfy future need for supplementary cementitious material.
2. LITERATURE REVIEWS M.Antoni, J.Rossen,et al,[2] stated that cement can be replaced up to 45% using Metakaolin & Limestone, By using metakaolin only, Cement is replaced by utmost 30% while using metakaolin and limestone 45% of the Cement is substituted. Experimental investigation was carried out by replacing cement 15%, 30%, 45% & 60% using metakaolin & Limestone, Six Prisms of size 40mm*40mm were casted for compressive strength evaluation at 1,7,28 & 90days, while for Flexural Strength evaluation three prisms were casted of size 120mm*40mm*40mm. Apart from it Thermo gravimetric analysis was carried out to study evolution of Calcium hydroxide , porosity is being evaluated using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) & XRD test was performed to have idea of texture , ettringite formation etc. Thermodynamic modeling was carried out using Gibbs free energy minimization programme to evaluate formation of C-A-S-H gel. After observing the results of experimental study, the authors inferred that maximum replacement achieved is 45% without sacrificing the strength as 60% replacement of cement results in decrease in compressive strength by 7%. From Thermo gravimetric analysis it is inferred that limestone acts as filler material only as sample containing limestone and Cement as binary blend does not show decrease in calcium hydroxide, while metakaolin acts as pozzolona as sample having metakaolin & cement as binary blend shows decreased quantity of calcium hydroxide, XRD data show the development of the main crystalline alumina containing hydrate phases for all the blends. From MIP study it show’s increase in porosity but pore radius decreases, Although there is a general trend of decreasing strength with increasing porosity, the correlation for this small number of points is not strong and up to 45% level of blending there is almost no decrease in strength despite a significant increase in porosity, After Studying all the major parameters authors concluded that cement can be replaced by metakaolin up to 30% and can be replaced 45% using metakaolin & Limestone. Alejandra Tironi, Alberto Scian, et al [3] conducted study to explore the interaction between the filler effect and ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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