Facile Green Synthesis and Characterization Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Albizia Amara Leaves Ex

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

Facile Green Synthesis and Characterization Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Albizia Amara Leaves Extract

V.Ramya1 , S. Indhumathi2, M. A. Rajalakshmi3 ., J. Revathi4 E. Veeradharshini5 N. Sathyapriya6 1Department of Chemistry, Kamban college of arts and science. Tiruvannamalai

Abstract

Nanoparticles are the spearheads of the rapidly expanding field of nanotechnology. Development of the green synthesis has gained extensive attention as a reliable, sustainable and eco friendly protocol for synthesizing a wide range of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The present study Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles using Albizia Amara Leaves. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet Vis spectroscopy (UV Vis), X ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X ray (EDX). The green chemistry approach used in the present work for the synthesize of copper oxide nanoparticles is simple, cost effective, and good alternative method.

Keywords: Albizia Amara Leaves Extract, Copper oxide nanoparticles, Characterization,

1. INTRODUCTION

Nanotechnology can be defined as the manipulation of mater through certain chemical and physical process to create materialswithspecificproperties whichcanbeuseparticularapplication[1].Ananoparticlecanbedefinedasamicroscopic particle that has at least one dimension less than 100 nm in size [2]. Nanotechnology generally involves the application of extremelysmall particlesthatareusedacross all fieldofscience includingchemistry,biology,medicineandmaterial science [3 4].Nanoparticlesarethespearheadsoftherapidlyexpandingfieldofnanotechnology.Differenttypesofnanoparticleswith desiredshapeandsizehavebeenfabricatedusingvariousapproacheslikephysical,chemicalandbiological techniques[5].

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of synthesis of nanoparticles

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The biological method which is represented as an alternative to chemical and physical methods, provides an environmentally friendly way of synthesizing nanoparticles. Moreover, this method does not require expensive, harmful and toxicchemicals.Metallicnanoparticleswithvariousshapes,sizescontentsandphysiochemicalpropertiescanbesynthesized thebiological methodactivelyusedinrecentyears.Traditional methodsareusedfrompastmanyyearsbut researcheshave provedthatthegreenmethodsaremoreeffectiveforthegenerationofNPswithadvantageoflesschancesoffailure,lowcost and ease of characterization.[6]. In the green synthesis method in which nanoparticles with biocompatibility are produced these agents are naturally present in the employed biological organism. Synthesis can be done in one step using biological organismsuchasBacteria,Actinobacteria,yeast,molds,algae,andplants(or)theirproducts.

Theplantsareconsideredtobemoresuitablecomparedtomicrobesforgreensynthesisofnanoparticlesastheyare non pathogenic and various pathways are thoroughly researched. The plants (or) plants extract, which act as reducing and capping agents for nanoparticle synthesis, are more advantageous over other biological process [7]. Because they eliminate theelaboratedprocessofculturingandmaintainingofthecellandcanalsobescaledupforlargescalenanoparticlesynthesis is preferred because it is cost effective, environment friendly, a single step method for bio synthesis process and safe for humantherapeuticuses.differentpartsofplantmaterialssuchasextracts.Fruit,fruitpeels,bark,root,leaves,andtubers[8]. Plantswhichhavegreatpotentialfordetoxification,reductionandaccumulationofmetals arepromisingfastandeconomical in removing metal borne pollutants. Metallic nanoparticles having various morphological characteristics can be produced intra cellularlyandextra cellularly.Withthematerialspresentintheplant extractsuchassugar, flavonoid,protein, enzyme, polymer,andgenieacidactingasareducingagenttakechargeinbioinductionofmetalionsintonanoparticles[9 13].

Metal and metal oxide nanomaterials prepared from earth abundant and inexpensive metals have attracted considerable attention because of their prospect as viable alternatives to the expensive metal based catalysts used in many conventional chemical processes[14]Nanomaterial’s exhibitactivitieswhichare differentfrom thoseofthecorresponding bulk materials because of their size and shape dependent physicochemical and optoelectronic properties [15]. The catalytic activity of nanomaterials represents a rich resource for chemical processes, employed both in industry and in academia. The great interest in catalysis using nanomaterials has prompted the synthesis and investigation of a diverse range of highly functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), including metal oxide nanostructures [16 20]. Some of the distinguish reported types of nanoparticles includes photochromatic nanoparticles, polymer coated nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, FeO, CuO, MgO,ZnO,FeNPs,AuNPs,AgNPs,PdNPs[21 23].

Among the various metals like Cu based nanomaterials which are cheap and environmentally friendly are especially attractiveinthiscontextduetothehighabundanceofCuinnatureandtheavailablesimpleandstraightforwardtechniques to synthesize these nanomaterials. The present green method for the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles is simple, mild, and environmentally friendly. Green synthesis of CuO nonoparticles could also be extended to fabricate other, industrially importantmetaloxides.

Inthepresentstudycopperoxidenanoparticles(CuONPs)weresynthesizedusing Albizia Amara LeavesExtract

2.MATERIAL AND METHODS

2.1 MATERIALS

All chemicals used were of analytical reagent without any further purification in addition to deionised water, copper chloridedihydrate(CuCl2.2H2O),Sodiumhydroxide(NaOH), hydrochloricacid(HCl)and ethanol. Albizia Amara Leaveswere collectedfromAshoknagarinChennai

2.2 METHODS

2.2.1 PREPARATION OF ALBIZIA AMARA LEAVES EXTRACT

TheAlbiziaAmaraLeaveswerecollectedfromAshokNagar,Chennai. Thefresh leaveswaswashedseveraltimeswithtap waterfollowedbydistilledwatertoremovethedustparticles. Thecleanandfreshsourcesaredriedinashadedplaceatroom temperaturefor10to15daysandthentheleaveswerepulverizedusingcommercialblender. The finepowderedwasstored

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at room temperature for further use. In a 250 ml of conical flask 10 gm of leaves powder were taken and to this 100 ml of double distilled water is added and it is heated at 80oC for 30 minutes. Then the solution was filtered using Whatman filter paperandkeptasideforfurtherprocess. TheobtainedextractinpalebrowncolourandadjustthepHat11byadding0.1Mof sodiumhydroxidesolution.

2.2.2 PREPARATION OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

Ina250mlconicalflask,50mlofAlbiziaAmaraLeavesextractwastakenandtothis100mlof0.1MCuCl2.2H2Osolution is added slowly at room temperature under static conditions. The colour change of the reaction was observed and the time taken for the changes was noted. The solution colour changes immediately from pale brownish to yellowish grey colour indicating the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONP). Further the solution is centrifuged and precipitated is extractedanddriedinelectricalovenfor24hoursat100oC.Thedriedsamplekeptinmufflefurnacefor4hoursat500oC.the greensynthesisedCuONPsisformedatuniformparticlesizeandstoredforfurthercharacterisationanduses.

2.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

2.3.1 UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETER ANALYSIS

Synthesized CuO nanoparticles were subjected to UV Vis spectroscopy analysis, which confirms the formation of nanoparticlesintheinitialstage. TheCuOnanoparticlessynthesizedweresubjectedtoscanUV Visspectrophotometerinthe range190nm 800nmusingElicoSL210UVVISSpectrophotometer.

2.3.2. FT IR SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS

The plant extract and green synthesized CuO nanoparticles were characterized by FT IR spectrometer. The spectroscopic technique is based on the analysis of peaks at certain wave numbers. FT IR data indicates the presence of functionalgroupsintheplantextractandsynthesizednanoparticles. TheFT IRanalysiscarriedoutinthefrequencyrangeof 4000 400cm 1 usingPerkinElmerinstrument.

2.3.3. X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS (XRD)

X ray diffractometer (lakjdf) was used to study the average particle size and crystalline nature of the synthesized adsorbents. ThediffractionpatternwasobtainedbyusingCuKαradiationwith wavelengthofλ=1.541Ao. Thescanning was donein2θvaluerangeof4o to80o at0.02min 1 andonesecondtimeconstant.

2.3.4. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC (SEM)

The SEM analysis provide the details about surface morphology, porosity and particle size distribution of the adsorbents. ThesurfacemorphologyofthesynthesizedCuOnanoparticleswasrecordedusingHitachiinstrument

2.3.5. ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY (EDX)

EDX is an analytical technique used for the elemental analysis of a adsorbent and it depends on the interaction between known source of X ray excitation and the Adsorbent. The elemental composition of the adsorbent was determined withthehelpofelementalanalyser(CE 440elementalanalyser).

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. CHARACTERIZATION STUDY OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES.

3.1.1. UV VIS ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY FOR COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES.

The Green approach for the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles using Albizia Amara Leaves extract was reported. FormationsofcopperoxidenanoparticlewereconfirmedbyUV visspectrophotometry.

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Fig 2. UV-visible adsorption spectrum of AA CuONPs

Fig 3. Shows the UV Vis absorption spectrum of copper oxide nanoparticle. The adsorption spectrum was recorded for the sample in the range of 200 800 nm. The spectrum showed the absorbance peak at 288 nm corresponding to the characteristicbandofcopperoxidenanoparticle[24].

3.1.2. X RAY DIFFRACTION

The x ray diffraction (XRD) study was undertaken to Determine and confirm the crystalline structure of synthesized CuONPs.

Fig 3: X ray diffraction pattern of AA extract mediated synthesized CuONPs

Fig (3) Shows the appearance of diffraction pattern at 2θ= 33.3, 35.4, 38.8, 48.7, 58.3, 61.8, 66.28 and 68.0 which are assigned to the planes (110), (022), (111), (200), (202), (020), (202), (022) respectively of monoclinic phase CuONPs. No characteristic peak due to any impurity was observed in the diffraction grams Suggesting the formation of pure crystalline CuO.Theaveragesize ofthe CuOwascalculatedbyusingtheDebye SchererEquation(3)[25].Asharppeak at20=35.4and 38.8withthediffractionofthe(022)and(111)planeindicatesthatconfirmationofCuONPs.Theaveragecrystallitesizeinthe samplesofCuONPsisbelow21nm.

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D=0.9λ/βcosθ Eq.(3) Whereλisthewavelengthofthex rayradiation(0.154nm),θistheDiffractionangleandβisthefullwidthathalfmaximum. Thecrystallinesizehavebeen38.93nm

3.1.3 FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (FT-IR) SPECTROSCOPY.

FTIR spectroscopy analysis also revealed the possible biomolecules and functional group responsible for capping or stabilizing of the synthesized CuONPs were expressed in fig (4,5). Taking the spectrum of leaves Extract as control the involvementofdifferentfunctionalgroupsofAlbiziaAmaraleavesextractinreducingandstabilizingprocessofnanoparticles synthesiswasevaluated.

Fig 4. FTIR spectrum of AAL extract

Fig 5 shows AA green synthesized CuO NPs

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Absorbancebandsat3248,2127,1362,and752cm 1 wereobservedinthespectrumofAlbiziaAmaraleavesextract.Abroad bandat3248cm 1 wasduetotheO Hstretchingofalcoholcompounds.Thepeaksat1827and1363cm 1 areContaining NH2 groupandC=Ogroupsofflavonoids[26 27].775cm 1 iscontainingC Hbonds.FTIRspectrumofCuONPforthepeakappeared at 3393, 1632, 1015, 709, and 562 cm 1. The peaks at 3393, 1632 and 1015 cm 1 corresponding to hydroxyl group ( OH) Stretching, hydroxyl ( OH) bending and C O stretching respectively. The Narrow bands at 535 confirm the formation of CuONPs.

3.1.4. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM)

ThemorphologyofCuOnanoparticlesstudiedbySEManalysis.Fig(6)showathesurfacemorphologyofthecopperoxide nanoparticles was observed in the SEM image. It seems that the diameter of CuO nanoparticles range between 60 80 nm as calculatedbyimageJprogramme[28].

Fig 6. SEM image of Green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles.

3.1.5. ENERGY DISPERSIVE X RAY DIFFRACTIVE (EDX) ANALYSIS

TheEnergyDispersive X ray(EDX)studywascarriedoutforthegreensynthesizedCuO nanoparticlestoknowaboutthe elementalcomposition.EDXconfirmthepresenceofCuandOsignalsofCuOnanoparticlesasshownintable1.Theelemental analysis of nanoparticles yields Cu 78.07% and 21.93% of oxygen which process that the produce nanoparticles is in its highestpurifiedform[29 30].

Table 1: EDX analysis for synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles.

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Fig 6. EDX spectrum of copper oxide nanoparticles

CONCLUSION

In this study, an eco friendly and convenient green method from copper chloride dihydrate solution using Albizia Amara leavesextractwasdeveloped.ThegreensynthesizedcopperoxidenanoparticleswereconfirmedbyUV vis,XRD,FT IR,SEM EDX CuO nanoparticles prepared from above mentioned route are expected to have more extensive applications such as reducing, stabilizing and efficient antimycobacterial agent, chemical sensor and semiconductor etc. This process is an economical method for the preparation of Nano crystalline CuO with respect to energy, time, simplicity and can be used for largescalesynthesisofcopperoxidenanoparticles

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