Smart Intrusion Detection System for Crop Protection

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

Smart Intrusion Detection System for Crop Protection

Abstract

Agriculture continues to be one of India's most important economic sectors. It is critical for both human existence and economic growth. Even today, traditional systems such as humanoid scarecrows are used in agricultural fields to keep birds and animals from disturbing and consuming growing crops. Because such notions have numerous flaws, improving agricultural security has become a key concern in recent years. As a result, this paper focuses on presenting a system that detects intruders, monitors any malicious activity, and then reports it to the system's owner. It functions as an adjustable system that offers farmers with a practical technique for ensuring the complete protection of their farmlandsfromanythreatsortrespassingactions.

1. INTRODUCTION

Agriculture the golden word without which we cannot renew food resources. But only creating resources is not enoughbecauseifdestroyedbeforegettingthefinaloutput it’s waste of time and money and the raw products. So protecting agricultural resources or farms is very importantbecauseanimalintrusioninfarmsisbecominga serious conflict nowadays. Wild boars, macaques, porcupines, deer, monkeys, and bears are exceedingly destructive and have occasionally resulted in human deaths Farmers growing at the local level lose up to 50% oftheircropsto wildanimals,andtheyareunabletotake any drastic steps due to tight wild life rules. The most common in many places are Human elephant conflict whichcausesmostofthedamageinmanyareas.Thereare threelevelsofwarningsinthissystem:low,moderate,and high, which allow the extent of threat posed by the intruder to be easily determined. The Passive Infrared (PIR)sensor ispositionedinsucha waythatitprovidesa broader detection range. Information is transmitted to farmersvia theGlobal SystemforMobileCommunications (GSM)module.Thepaperflowisasfollows:in2nd chapter is all about survey from various research papers. 3rd chapter specifies problem statement followed by 4th chapteri.e.,presentsystemandthen5th chapterhardware design after that 6th chapter is about objective and scope followedbyresult,discussion,conclusionandfuturescope inchapter9,10,11and12respectively.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

The authors S. Yadahalli et al. used Arduino based intrusion detection system which consists of TFT display [1]. The authors A. V. Deorankar and A. A. Rohankar proposed“thestudyofcurrentresearches,theproblemsit addressed, and its prospects. The emphasis is focused on the analytical study of various advanced and efficient classification mechanisms and techniques. Proper utilization of the number of features of remotely sensed data and selecting the best suitable classifier are most important for improving the accuracy of the classification. The knowledge based classification or Non parametric classifiers like decision tree classifier or neural network have gained more popularity for multisource data classificationinrecenttimes”[2].TheauthorsP.S.Dhakeet al. built an Embedded surveillance system using PIR sensors which made us incline towards use of PIR sensor[3].The authors R. Vingeshwar et al. developed a system elephant intrusion detection system in forest borderareasusingIoT[4].TheauthorsR.NikhilDeveloped a real time monitoring of agricultural land and animal intrusionpreventionusingedge[5].

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT

Developing a system to detect an intruder without human intervention which can be installed in farmlands which lacksphysicalsecurityormanualsecurity.

4. PRESENT SYSTEM

The current system mostly functions as a surveillance system in farms. The most important thing that should be taken into consideration that this system does give the assurancetocreateabarrierortoactasaphysicalbarrier betweenthefarmandthewildanimals.Theexistingorthe displayedsystemalsoneedstotakeintoconsiderationthat alltheanimalsaredifferentinsize Accordingtothethreat level provided by animals crossing or trespassing on farmland, appropriate precautions must be adopted to prevent animals from entering the restricted area. Many crop protection systems exist, but intrusion detection is rarelyoneofthem.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

Farmers also use conventional measures like as scarecrows, which are ineffective in keeping wild animals and birds away, despite being simple to set up and effective in preventing bird ingress to some extent. They also use electric fencing, which has no channel for fast alertingofbreachesoccurring,anddiagnosingproblemsis difficult and can be lethal at times. They are also quite expensive, with substantial maintenance costs.Some other measures used by farmers to avoid intrusion of wild animals are erecting physical barriers, manual inspection whichisquiteexhaustive.

Many of those system may also harm animals which may lead to violation of wildlife laws. As a result, the paper hopestoovercomethoseconstraints

5. HARDWARE DESIGN

The RaspberryPi 3 is a 64 bit microprocessor with strong performance and low power consumption. The RaspberryPi is the system's key component. PIR sensors, ultrasonic sensors, camera, GSM module, and buzzers are some of the other significant components of the system. PIR sensors detect motion whereas ultrasonic sensors detect objects. Based on the levels of infrared radiation detected, the PIR sensors detect motion. They are suited for use in the proposed system due to their low power requirements, small size, durability, and ease of use. Once the sensor has become used to its surroundings, or calibrated thenanychanges intheinfraredradiationlevel shallmakethePIRsensorgohigh.Intheproposedsystem the camera used is a webcam which has High sensitivity for low light operation, low voltage, and steady colour photoscapturesadequateimagesinanylightcondition.All this setup also includes GSM module which is suitable for communication and can transfer data in the form of text andaudioformat. As a result,data transmission, real time updates, and bandwidth conversion concerns have been rectified. Buzzers are included in addition to security cameras to sound an alarm when intruders are detected, either to scare the burglar away or to inform nearby persons of the incursion. And the whole setup also includesamonitordisplaytorefertheimagescapturedby thecamera.

6. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE

The system's methodology attempts to create a secure system for protecting farmlands against intruders such as wild animals and humans, sometimes without human participation. The GSM module is used as an additional security feature that sends an email to the owner if an

intruder is discovered. Also for the farmer to know better about the intrusion system contains a camera which continuously surveils the area and captures the images whenever the movement of any intruder is sensed by the sensors,andthoseimagescanbedisplayedonthemonitor display. At night the flashlight allows the camera to captureanalmostreadableorunderstandablepictures.

7. RECOMMENDED SYSTEM

ThesystemisbuiltaroundaRaspberryPimicrocontroller, whichservesasitsbrain.The board is connected to all of thesensorsand cameras. ThePIR sensorsaredesigned to detect motion within a 5 meter range. When motion is detected in the vicinity, the PIR sensors activate and the camera isturnedon. Thecamera will takea picture ofthe intruder, which may be viewed on the monitor that is linked.Followingthat,anauto generatedmessagealerting theowneroftheintrusionwillbesentautomaticallytothe owner using the registered email address and the GSM module in text format. The farmer can activate and deactivate the system according to his or her needs, ensuring complete farm protection The Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR Sensors) installed are used to detect motion oftheintruderwhichactivatesthecameraaswellasnotify the owner about the intrusion in his land. And this information or the captured image of the intruder can be displayed on the monitor for the reference of the farmer. With the usage of the GSM module, the farmer is also notifiedoftheextentofincursionbyemail,allowinghimto take appropriate action. In addition to the mail message and image, the system includes an alarm or buzzer that provides an audible alert. In case the farmer is out of networkcoveragethenearbyfarmerswillbenotifiedwith the alarm and with no time for the intruder to destroy crops actions can be taken and also the alarm can scare away the intruder to some extent. They system output is based on the number of PIR sensors triggered that is, higher the number of PIR sensors triggered, larger is the size of the intruder and the lower the number of PIR sensors triggered, smaller is the size of the intruder and hence,requiredmeasurescanbetakentokeeptheanimals or intruder from destroying crops in the respective farmlandoreventhesurroundingfarmlands.

As a result, a decision is made depending on the number of PIR sensors going high to automate the intrusiondetectionsystemasstatedabove.Asaresult,the primaryoperatingprincipleisbasedontheideathatfewer sensors activating on motion detection signals animals of little or low stature, such as deer, pigs, dogs, cats, and a variety of other animals, and the buzzer warning is

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

activated. The alarm will result in loud noise and this will wardofftheanimalsorintruders.

Asaresult,theoutputissplitintotwopieces.The firstisimagetransmissionfromthecameratothemonitor, andthesecondismailtransferthroughGSMmoduletothe owner. The mail conveys the message which states the level of intrusion that is low, medium or high. In addition, the buzzer emits an alarm that draws the attention of people in the area of the farm and warns them about the incursion.

Thesystem'sblockdiagramisshowninFig1.

sensorisplaced2feetabovethesecondone.4FourthPIR sensorisplaced3feetabovethethirdone.

WhenthePIRsensorplacedonthegroundistriggered and all the other remain low that indicates the entry of a snake in the field. When the bottom most sensor and the sensorjustabovethegroundlevelsensorbothgohighthis indicates the entry of animals like wild boars or pig. Whereas if all the three sensors from the bottom are high exceptthetopmostthisindicatestheentryofabear,deer or a human. When all of the PIR sensors are activated, it means an elephant or other huge animal, such as a rhino, has entered. All those animals cause different level of damage in their own way. So, those animals are categorizedinthreegroupsthatarelow,mediumandhigh risk and mail is sent accordingly. If the intruder is supposed to be a wild boar it causes serious damage so mailwillreadhighrisk,iftheintruderissnakewhichdoes notcausemuchdamagetothecropssomailwillreadlow riskandiftheintruderissupposedtobeabear,humanor deer who can cause much damage so mail will read high risk.IfallofthePIRsensorsarelow,itsignifiesthereisno intruder, the farm is secure, and there is no harm to the crops.

9. RESULTS AND OBSERVATION

Fig (1)

8. METHOD

As previously said, the supplied system will produce an outputwhenPIRsensorsareactivated,andthethreatlevel will be determined appropriately. First the intruder faces the ultrasonic sensor which in turn makes PIR sensor active thus, the placement of ultrasonic sensor is very important. Because the PIR sensors will be determining thelevelofhazardofferedbytheinvader,theymustbeset properly.ThesystemusesfourPIRsensors,theplacement of which is detailed below. One PIR sensor is installed on the ground, covering a total area of 5 meters. It is located precisely at the field's entrance, with a detection range of 2.5metersoutsideand2.5metersinsidethefield.

After one of the four PIR sensors is installed on the ground, the remaining three are stacked vertically above eachotherwithalittlegapbetweenthem.Theintrusionof aspecifictypeofanimalisindicatedbythecombinationof PIRsensorsturninghigh.

Placement of the PIR sensors is as follows: 1 On the ground, the first PIR sensor is installed. 2 Second PIR sensor is placed 3 feet above the first one. 3 Third Pir

Table (1)

Table 1. shows the output of the system when tested against different intruders like living things like rat, dog, human and non living things like stone and a prop as big asanelephant.

Table2.showsthepossibilityoftypesofintrudersthatcan bepresentinrespectivecropfields.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

Disadvantages:

Incaseoffarmlandsalittlebitskillisrequiredfor farmers. 

Motionblurcanbeseenintheimagescapturedby thecameraforfastmovingintruders. 

Itrequireselectricitytofunction. 

Italsorequiresinternetconnection.

11. CONCLUSION

It is our first responsibility to safeguard agricultural resources, as they are the foundation of the Indian economy. We incorporated motion sensors in our system, whicheffectivelydetectanyintrudermotion.Thisconcept of crop protection is simple to apply and can be done so without harming animals or humans. As a result, it's a convenient means of preserving records and focusing on agriculturaldevastationissues.

12. FUTURE SCOPE

10. DISCUSSION

The system is high on efficiency to a certain extent in detecting the intruder. Also since there is a buzzer installed animals can be fled away with noise that buzzer createsthuskeepingthemawayfromthefarm.Thesystem is flexible so it’s easy to place the system to the required place. It reduces the human supervision, the only supervisionneededistoturnthesystemonandoff.Allthe components used in the system are environment and humanfriendly.Itoperatesonlowpowerthuseliminating the risk of electric shock and also does not give out any radiations. Since the system transmits data wirelessly through GSM module, the owner can be notified irrespectiveofhislocation.

Advantages:

Securitysurveillanceinremoteareas.

Humaninterventionnotrequired.  Can be used in several other fields like Banks or otherrestrictedareas.

Inadditiontothisproject,anIoTnetwork maybe utilized to connect more surveillance equipment, and a combination of cloud computing might help the system improve significantly. This system can also be used in otherareas where humansupervision isnotpossiblethus creating a wide range of protected area in the growing population.Thebreadthofprotectioncanalsobeextended to include crop protection against birds, which, while not causingmuchdamage,mightresultinmassivelossesifleft uncheckedforalongtime.

REFERENCES

[1] S. Yadahalli, A. Parmar and A. Deshpande, "Smart IntrusionDetectionSystemforCropProtectionby using Arduino," 2020 Second International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA), 2020, pp. 405 408, doi: 10.1109/ICIRCA48905.2020.9182868.

[2] A.V.DeorankarandA.A.Rohankar,"AnAnalytical Approach for Soil and Land Classification System using Image Processing," 2020 5th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), 2020, pp. 1416 1420, doi: 10.1109/ICCES48766.2020.9137952.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN:2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN:2395 0072

[3] P. S. Dhake and S. S. Borde, “Embedded surveillance system using pir sensor,” International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science, www. ijates. com Volume,no.02,2014.

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