Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Guided Grass Cutting and Pesticide Spraying Machine

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072

Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Guided Grass Cutting and Pesticide Spraying Machine

1234Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India

5Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India ***

Abstract - The solar powered grass cutting and pesticide spraying machine is a guided vehicle. The mainpurposeofthis design and manufacturing is to eliminate the need for a traditional grass cutter, which pollutes the environment. The goal is to design and build a mechanical machine that can cut grass and spray pesticides in the most efficient way possible. The operation of this projectisdependentonnon conventional energy sources like solar power transmission. The design is simple and easy to use because it is controlled via smartphones.

The project is powered by solar energy hence the consumptionoffossilfuelisreduced.

To reduce human efforts by using solar powered grass cutter.

1.2 Methodology

We are developing a prototype of the solar powered guided grass cutter and pesticide spraying machine. The methodologies of these attachments are explained in few sub headings.

1. INTRODUCTION

Solar energy is one of the most widely used renewable energysourcesinIndia.Asolarpoweredgrasscutterisone that uses solar energy to power an electric motor, which then moves a blade to cut grass. This concept is a safer alternativetousingagas poweredgrasscutter.Theusercan savemoneybyemployingasolarpoweredgrasscutterwith a rechargeable battery. It is used for pesticide spraying in lawnswiththeintegrationofawaterpumpandawatertank connectedtothebattery.Byusingthekeypadonthemobile phone, the user can cut the grass and spray the pesticide within the set area with this guided grass cutter and pesticide spraying machine. The blade height can also be modifiedtochangetheheightofgrasscutting.Theprimary purposeofthismachineistomakemowingthelawnmore convenient.Thepurposeofthisprojectistodevelopasolar powered lawn cutter and pesticide spraying machine that can be modified to cut grass at three (3) different heights based on the operator's preference. The machine is also aimed at reducing air and noise pollution as it has no internalcombustionenginethusmakingitapollutionfree machine.Finally,todevelopamachinethatdoesnotrelyon fuelorelectricity,butratherutilizessolarenergy.

1.1 Objectives

Todevelopguidedgrasscuttingandpesticidespraying vehicle powered by solar energy using Arduino Uno microcontroller.

Adjustment of height of grass cutter as per the user requirement.

• Components of Solar Grass Cutter and Pesticide SprayingMachine

• WorkingofSolarGrassCutter

Themaincomponentsofthesolarpoweredgrasscutter are:

• Software

• Hardware Softwareused: 1.ArduinoIDE 2.CLanguage Hardwareused:

1. SolarPanel:

A solar panel is a collection of photovoltaic cells mountedonaframework.Solarpanelsusesunlightas asourceofenergytogeneratedirectcurrentpower. In our project we have used 20W, 12V solar panel which is used to charge the battery. A photovoltaic module is a solar cell assembly that has been packagedandconnectedtogether. Thephotovoltaic effect is used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricityfromtheSun'slightenergy.

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Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net

Fig 1:SolarPanel

2. Battery:

A battery is an electrochemical device that may be charged and discharged as needed with an electric current. Small electric devices such as cell phones, remotecontrols,andflashlightsaretypicallypowered bybatteries.Inthepast,theterm"battery"wasused to refer to the combination of two or more electrochemical cells. We have used 12V, 12Ah batteryinourprojecttocarryouttheoperationssuch astopowertheArduinoUno,theDCmotorsetc.

4. ArduinoUNO:

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Fig 2:Battery

3. DCMotor:

ADCmotor,alsoknownasadirectcurrentmotor,is anelectricalmachinethatconvertselectricalenergy intomechanicalenergybycreatingadirectcurrent magnetic field. Based on following calculations the motorsarebeingselected

Technicalspecification

I. Operatingvoltage 12V Rpm 7000rpm

This High Torque DC motor is used for rotating grass cutterblades.

TheArduinoboardcomprisesanumberofcontrollers and microprocessors. The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board that uses the ATmega328P microcontroller There are 14 digital input/output pins,6analogueinputs,a16MHzceramicresonator, aUSBconnector,apowerjack,anICSPheader,anda reset button on this board. The hardware is a programmablecircuitboardandthesoftwareweuse is called the “Arduino Integrated Development Environment”.

Fig 4:ArduinoUno

5. L293DMotorDriver:

The motor driver is a device that connects the Arduino to the motors. A motor driver is a type of integrated circuit chip that controls motors. The L293D is a 16 pin IC with eight pins dedicated to operating a motor on each side. In our project we have connected two DC motors to motor driver for rotatingrearwheels.

Fig 3a:DCMotor

II. Operatingvoltage 12V

Rpm 45rpm

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6. Relay:

Arelayisanautomaticswitchthatistypicallyusedto regulateahigh currentutilizingalow currentsignal in an automatic control circuit. In simple words a relay is a switch that isoperatedby electricity. The relaysignal'sinputvoltagevariesfrom0to5V.We have used 2 channels, 5V relay in our project. We have connected two DC motors which are used for rotatinggrasscutterbladesandwaterpumptorelay. AndrelayisconnectedtoArduinoUno.

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7. WaterPump:

Awaterpumpisadevicethatincreasesthepressure ofwatersothatitcanbemovedfromonelocationto anotherinordertosupplywater Inourprojectwe have used 12V, 110 PSI water pump as a pesticide sprayer.Awatertankisusedforstoringpesticide.

Fig 8:HC 05BluetoothModule

9. UPVCPipes:

Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) pipes are builtofalow maintenance,low costmaterialthatis widely used. Because of their excellent tensile and impactstrength,UPVCpipesarealong termsolution. Theyareflexibleandbendwell,makingthemsuitable forhandlingduringconstructionofourmodel.

8. BluetoothModule:

The HC 05 Bluetooth Module is a basic Bluetooth Serial Port Protocol module that lets you build a transparentwirelessserialconnection.Itinterfaces with a controller or PC via serial transmission, making it simple to connect. We have used the Bluetooth module to connect the mobile phone so thatwecangivecommandthroughkeypad.

10. Blades:

Bladesareusedforcuttingthegrass.Theyareusually made of sturdy metals as they must be able to withstandhigh speedcontactwithavarietyofobjects in addition to grass. Due to its S shape the area of contactbetweengrassandbladeismore,hencethe grassismowedeffectively.Wehaveusedtwograss cuttingbladeswhichare15cmeach.

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2. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

May

3. WORKING OF SOLAR POWERED GRASS CUTTER AND PESTICIDE SPRAYING MACHINE

When it comes to the operation of a solar powered grass cutter,thepanelsarepositionedata45 degreeanglesothat high intensity solar radiation from the sun can be quickly accepted.

Solar panels convert the sun's energy into electricity. Batteriesarenowusedtostorethiselectricalenergy.

Through connecting wires, the motor is connected to the batteries.Weusedfourmotorsintotal.

Themachineisdrivenbytwomotors.

Grasscuttingisdonewithtwomotors(a,b)towhichblades areattached.Thepowerfromthesemotorsistransmittedto theblade,whichrotatesatahighspeedandcutsthegrass.

There is also a provision for height adjustment of cutter bladesatthreedifferentlevelsabovegroundlevel,namelyat 3cm,4.5cm,and6cm.

The motor driver connects the two motors (c, d) that are attachedtothewheels.Itsmovementsarewellcoordinated duetotheassistanceofthemotordriver.

The motors are connected to an Arduino Uno, which regulatestheirdirectionofmovement.

Therelay,whichisinterfacedwithArduinoUno,isattached tothetwograsscuttingmotorsthatareconnectedinseries, aswellasthewaterpump.

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TheArduinoUnohasbeenpre programmedtosendsignals through Bluetooth transceiver, allowing it to be easily detectedbymobilephones.

TheconnectingpinsconnecttheArduino,motorcontroller, andrelaytotheBluetoothtransceiver,allowingdatatobe senttotheconfigureddevice.

The Bluetooth transceiver transmits the incoming RF, completing the setup by sending waves to the specified devicewhilealsotrimmingthegrass.

Connection pins, often known as jump pins, are used to transport data from one component to the next. Using applicationsoftwareloadedonthephone,onemaycontrol thephone'sfunctionalitiesfromaspecificrange.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net

4. CALCULATIONS

TORQUE CALCULATION FOR WHEEL MOTOR

RatingoftheBattery:12Volt,12Ah

Powerproduced:12X12=144Wh

Speedofthemotor:45rpm

Torqueofmotor:

P=[2πNT]/60

144=[(2π)x45xT]/60

T=30.557Nm

For2wheels,T=15.2788Nm

Hence the efficient torque is produced than the rated torqueofthemotor.

TORQUE CALCULATION FOR CUTTER BLADES

Ratingofthebattery:12Volt,12Ah

Powerofthebattery:144Wh

SpeedoftheMotor:7000rpm

Torqueproduced: P=[2πNT]/60

144=[(2π)x7000xT]/60

T=0.19644Nm

T=T1=T2

Hence the efficient torque is produced than the rated torqueofthemotor.

FORCE PRODUCED IN CUTTER BLADES

Asweallknowthat,

Torque=ForcexRadius

0.19644=Forcex0.01

Force=[0.19644]/0.01=19.644N

Henceaforceof19.644Nisproducedinthecutterblade whichissufficientenoughtocutthegrass.

CHARGING TIME FOR BATTERY

SolarPanel: 20watts,12volts

Power=VoltxCurrent

20=12xCurrent

Current(I)=1.6667A

ChargingTime=12Ah/1.6667=7.2

ChargingTime=7Hours12Minutes

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BATTERY LIFE

BatteryLife= BatteryLife= BatteryLife=5182.9634sec

BatteryLife=1Hour26Minutes

5. PROPOSED WORK

SolarPoweredGrassCutterandPesticideSprayingmachine ispoweredbysolarenergythatiscapableofgrasscutting andpesticidesprayingwhichreduceshumaneffort.

Thesystemuses12Vbatterytopowerthevehiclemovement motorsaswellasthegrasscuttermotorandwaterpump.

The Blade is kept at the Angle of 90 Degree for flexible operation.

Weuseasolarpaneltochargethebatterysothatthereisno needofchargingitexternally.

ThevehiclemotorsareinterfacedtoArduinoUnothrough motordriverthatcontrolstheworkingofthemotors.

Thegrasscuttermotorsandwaterpumpareinterfacedto ArduinoUnothroughrelaywhichwillperformgrasscutting andsprayingofpesticide.

6. ADVANTAGES

Thereisnoneedtouseanyfuel.

Itissmallinsizeandlightweight.

Theoperatingprincipleissimpleandeasy.

This machine can also be operated by a non skilled individual.

Thereisnopollution.

7. CONCLUSIONS

Our project entitled, Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Guided Grass Cutting and Pesticide Spraying Machine,hasbeencompletedsuccessfully,andtheresults achievedaresatisfactory.Wewereabletosuccessfullycarry outheightadjustmentfeatureaccordingtowhichtheuser can adjust the height of cutter blades as per his/her requirement. We provided provision for three height adjustments of cutter blades which the user have to do manually.Theadjustmentswereat3cm,4.5cmand6cm abovethegroundlevel.Ourprojectismoresuitableforthe commonmansinceitoffersnumerousadvantages,including

© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net

nofuelcosts,nopollution,andnofuelresidue,reducedwear andtearduetofewermovingparts,andtheabilitytorunon solarenergy.

REFERENCES

[1] MallikarjunMudda,VishwaTeja,SrujanKumar,Praveen Kumar Automatic Solar Grass Cutter. International JournalforResearchinAppliedScience&Engineering Technology(ISSN:2321 9653)Volume6IssueIV,April 2018

[2] FirasB.Ismail,NizarF.O.Al Muhsen,FazreenA.Fuzi,A. Zukipli DesignandDevelopmentofSmartSolarGrass Cutter. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 8958, Volume 9,Issue 2,December2019

[3] Prof. Ms. Rasika Belsare Akash Karwade, Gaurav Wanjari, Sayli Feddewar, Prajwal Dhangare5, Suveg Nimje, Reshu Tembhurney Automated Solar Grass Cutter.IJARIIE ISSN(O) 2395 4396Vol 6Issue 22020

[4] Ms. Yadav Rutuja A., Ms. Chavan Nayana V., Ms. Patil Monika B., Mr. V. A. Mane Automated Solar Grass Cutter.InternationalJournalofScientificDevelopment andResearch(IJSDR)ISSN:2455 2631,February2017

IJSDRVolume2,Issue2

[5] Ramya. P, Yogesh Sharma, Kondeti Veerendra, Shailendra Kumar,HiteshRitolia AFullyAutomated LawnCutterusing SolarPanel.ISSN23213361,2020 IJESCVolume10IssueNo.5

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