GREEN BUILDING APPROACH FOR PLANNING AND DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

GREEN BUILDING APPROACH FOR PLANNING AND DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

Md. Nuruzzama6

1,2,3,4,5 Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Knowledge Park 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 201306

6Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engg. & Technology Knowledge Park 2, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India 201306 ***

Abstract In this paper, the green building concept is used in the planning and design of a sustainable building that conserves energy by using (Solar panels, efficient HVAC systems, low energy consumption lighting fixtures), conserves water by using the concept of (Rainwater harvesting, recycle and reuse of sullage water), and uses eco friendlyconstruction materials, resulting in reduced pollution and the effect of global warming, which is a serious problem for the world.

Key Words: SolarPanel,HVACSystem,SustainableBuilding, RainwaterHarvesting,ConstructionMaterial.

1.INTRODUCTION

Thebuildingswhicharedesignedmodernconsumeabout 20% to 30% of total energy and the percentage of fresh portable water is about 30% and generate approximately about 40% of total waste [1 2]. The buildings which are designed with the concept of sustainability results in reductionofenergyandwaterconsumptionintolessthan half of consumption of power in comparison with conventional buildings and also helps in complete elimination of waste which comes with construction and operationthroughrecycling[3 5].

NowatimecamewhenbuildingsectorinIndiaisgrowingat veryfastrateandsignificantlycontributingforincreasein demandofgreen.Thatresultsinincreaseofenergyleadsto increaseofGreenHouseGas(GHG)emissionandthatrates global warming [6 8]. The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)leadsthemovementofgreenbuildinginIndiathat playavitalroleonreducingtheeffectofGHGemissionby taking a significant step of improving the efficiencies in buildings and also focus on the use of renewable energy source in buildings [9 11]. The data be shown on green buildingsthatabout25% 30%reductionofconsumptionof

energy compare with national baselines, that can be achievedbyimplementingseveraltechnologiesandenergy efficientpractices[12 15].Inavailabilityofspaceonsiteend costeconomics,theimplementationofgreenbuildingsalso donebyonsiteandoffsiterenewableenergygenerationto meettherequiredextentofabout15%[16 20].

Green building ensuring the practice of creating structure using processes that are environmentally responsible and resourcesefficientawholebuilding’slifecyclefromdesign siting,construction,operationmaintenance,renovationand deconstruction [21 23]. This are results in expansion of classicbuildingdesign.Itisalsoknownassustani9ableor high performancebuilding[24 27].Moderntrendstoward sustainable buildings are clearly obvious in new construction as architects and contractor focus or using green techniquesinfocus ofbuildingaswell asmakingof surethebuildingsfolloweco friendly[28 30].Thereare majorstepstobetakentomaketheexistingbuildingsfollow same opportunities of green living that are be put in new buildings.

Greenbuildingsaredesignedinawaytoreducetheoverall impactonenvironmentthatisissuesofhealthforhumansby followingmethods[[31 33]:





Reducingpollution,degradationofenvironment.

Byproperuseofenergy,waterandotherresource.

Byprotectinghealthofoccupantandimprovesthe productivity.





Theconceptofgreenbuildinginincreasegradually inIndia.GreenBuildingtypicallyappliesthepracticeslike harvestingofenergy,waterandusingofmaterialswhichis eco friendly. There are many more advantage of implementingofgreenbuildinglikelowwastedisposal,low energy,waterlostandlowemissioncost.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

2. METHODOLOGY

Thefollowingmethodologyhasbeenadoptedinthegreen building:

2.1 Vertical Gardening

Vertical Garden is a type of garden that grows upward (vertically)bythehelpoftrellisesorothersupportsystem ratherthanorthehorizontal.Thewallthatisgreenwallsor living walls are self sufficient vertical garden that attach with either interior part or exterior part of building. This gardendirectlyimprovesthebeautyofgardenandrapidly increasecurbappealbyaddingcharacter,variety,structure andcolour. Creating of eye candyby plantationatlevel of eye with vertical garden structure like hanging window boxes.Puttingagreenwallinbuildingsactsasfresherofair, balancing humidity levels. It improves both air quality indoor and outdoor by removing vertical compounds and alsohelpsinabsorbingthepollutants.

Fig -2:VerminComposting

2.3 Grass paves

Itisthepavingtileswhichconsistsofnumberofrhombus shapedopeningsothatwatercanflowthroughgroundand thereby helps in increasing the level of ground water. By usingthis product,it allowsthe water whichis present at surface allows to seep into aggregate and that slows the runoff that would happen in asphalt surface. This paves primarilyuseinareawheresoilerosionoccursordrainage of water. It also helps in to stabilizes the soil in an area where lots of vehicular traffic may occur. It helps in controllingandcontainingthewaterpollution.Itisasmall sizedareainwhichbothsideofbuildingaround26square metersofbuilding.Itishighlydurableanduseindriverway neartheparkinglot.

2.2 Vermin Composting

It is the composting that is the end product of a process called vermin composting, which uses the earthworms. It increasesthespeedofcompostingprocessbyimprovingthe qualityofcompost.Itisveryessentialwhatendsappliedin garden. If we have to increase production capacity, solid wastethatcamefromhomeslikefoodwaste,rawwaste,low dungetc.Ultimatelythevermincompostingresultsinrich, blackearthysmellingcompostedthatensurethegrowthof health gardener. This cast vermin also known as worm casting is excrement of worm which minus the rest of compost. This plant is installed on black side of buildings whichisinplotarea.Theareaofplantincludesaboutone meterwide,1mlengthand0.8mdepth[3].

2.4 Solar Power Plant

This plant is largely used in development of solar power generation.Inthisitisinstalledinroofofbuilding.Theroof tables consist of solar PV cell that convert sunlight to generateelectricitythroughphotovoltaiccell. ThesearebasicallytwotypesofsolarPVsystem.

 Off grid system It not directly connected to electricitygridthereforeitrequiresbatterystorage.Itmust be designed properly for generation of proper power throughout year and enough capacity to meet house requirement even when winter comes when less light occurs.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

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 On grid or grid tie solar system Thesearebyfar most common and wide use for homes and business property. These are basically use in systems that are connected to the public electricity grid and also requires batterystorage.Anysolarpowerthatyougeneratebythis systemisexportedontoelectricitygride.

2.8 Materials

2.5 Aluminum Paint

Itisatypeofcoatingmaterialthatconsistofresinbasefilled withflecksofaluminumflakesgivesthepainttoshinyand metallicfinish.Thistypeofpainthelpsinfinishofsalivary andmajorofmanufacturesonlyproduceshadeofaluminum paintcast.

2.6

LED lighting

Itisupto80%[3]moreefficientthantraditionallightning suchasfluorescentandincandescentlights.About95%[3 4]ofenergyinLEOsconverteddirectlytolightandonly5% [3]isgoesonheat.Influorescentlight95%ofenergygoes waste to form heat only 5% uses in light making. It also consumeslesspowerabout84 wattconsumersfluorescent lightandabout36 wattLEDatsameenergylevel.Itdirectly haseffectindecreaseofgreenhousegasemission.

2.7 Rain Water Harvesting

Itcanbedefinedasactivityofdirectcollectionofrainwater and its storage as well as other thing aimed towards harvestingandconservingsurface.Preventionbytheseloss through evaporation, seepage and other hydrological studies,manyotherinventionsmadeforefficientutilization ofrainwatertowardsbestuse.Thebuildingwhichcanbe made in future in urban areas have provision for roof top rainwaterharvestingwithminimumcapacityof5KL[5]for areaabove200sqm.Forresidentialbuildingandminimum capacityof0.01cumpersqmofareaincasecommercialand institutional buildings such as tourist complex, hotels, shoppingcomplexesandingovernmentbuildings.Rainwater harvestingsystemdesignandinstallationincludes:

 Catchment and conveyance: To transportation of rainwater.

 Filter:Mainlyrapidsandfilterusedtofilterrainwater.

 Storagetank:Tostorefilteredrainwater.



Clay fly ash bricks Itisoneofthemostimportant materialswhichisusedorselectforbuildingsabout20%to 50%[4]offlyashdependeduponsoilqualityitcanbemixed to form fly ash bricks by two processes either by conventionalormechanizedprocess.



Stabilized mud fly ash bricks The mudflyash whichisincompactedwhichisincompactedfromcanbe stabilizedbylime,cementorotherchemicalsitcanbemade easily.Problemwiththisdryflyashiswhenitusedatsiteit makesadoptionofthistechnologyisdifficult.



Calcium Silicate Bricks Thesebricksalsoknown assandlimebricksusingflyashinplaceofquartzsand.In this formation of bricks involves a low or high pressure compactionfollowedbytwoprocesses.



Low pressure stream curing Autoclavingunder elevatedhydrothermalconditions.Thesebricksareformed withhighpressuretechnology.

 Mixing with cement Itisformedwithmixingof above 10% to 20% [4] of dry fly ash with clinker during cementmanufacturingorformedwithblendedwithfinished ofPortlandpozzolanacement(PPC).

 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete This type of concretecanbeformedbyaprocessofinvolvingamixture of fly ash, quick lime, involving or gypsum in a very high speedofmixertofromslurry.Thesematerialsconsideredto beverygoodproductsforblockwallingandforfloorslabs.



Cellular Light weight Concrete It can be manufacturedbyaprocessthatinvolvesthemixingofflyash cement. These products mainly used in high raise constructionbyreducingthedeadweightofstructure.



Sintered Light weight aggregate Itsubstitutes stoneshipsinconcretereducingdeadweight.Itcanbeused forseveralpurposesuchasstructurelightweightconcrete buildings unit for uses as load and non bearing elements. Thismaterialhasgoodpotentialinaplacewhereflyashis locallyavailable.

 Cast in situ fly ash walls Bymixingofflyashin cast in situ wall we can achieve 20% [4] of economy, quickerconstructiongoodfinishonboththesidesofwalls which eliminates pestering and more carpet area. Similar typeofwallscanbecastusingFalGCement.



Fly ash – stone powder cement bricks These canbemanufacturedbymixingofweighedamountofflyash, cementedadsizestonepowderinamixerandmoundedand presenceinbricksmakingmachine.Othermaterialsthatcan be used like bamboo ply board, wood plastic and eco friendlyconstructionchemicalsetc.

Grey water system Grey water alludes to the homegrownwastewaterwhichisdepletedoutbarringthe wastewaterfromkitchensinkandthewaterwardrobeas they have high grouping of natural matters. In request to preservewaterthiswatercan'tbesimplyemptiedoutyet ought to be reused and reused. The advantage of utilizing reuseddimwateristhatitisanenormoussourcewithlow centralizationof natural matter.Therestroomdark water



International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

comprises of waste water from showers, baths and wash bowls.Ithasanexceptionallylowcentralizationofnatural matter. The different wellsprings of dark water are from washing of garments, vehicle washing, and so on. As indicatedbydifferentinvestigations,atypicalfamilycreates 140litterofdarkwatereachday.

3. STUDY LOCATION

The Expansion of the purposed area “The Sahara Estate GreenBuildingProject”inGorakhpur(TaraMandalRoad), UttarPradesh.Itislocatednearthesouthernextremitiesof theRamgarhTaalareainGorakhpur. U.P.&atabout460m SEofTaraMandalandabout380mNNEofCircuitHouse.

Wearetakingthe2250squaremetersareainSaharaEstate atTaraMandalRoadinGorakhpur.Accordingbybuildings lawsweareusingonly40%areaforbuildingconstruction. So, we are taking only 850 square meters for the construction.

Fig 5:SatelliteViewandPlotsize

AutoCAD for Sahara Estate Location in Gorakhpur has been given in Fig.6.

Fig 6:AutoCADPlan

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The outcomes of various methods used in green building implementation:



Vertical gardening: When the air temperature climbed, the effective thermal resistance of a plant layer gradually reduced. On the other hand, as wind speed increased, so did the difference in internal facade surface temperature between bare and planted façades. These effectsreducedtheheatinsidethebuildingmaterial,making itcooler.Itmaybeconcludedthattheweatheraroundthe building has an impact on the functioning of the vertical garden.[6].



LED Lighting: Theinitialinvestmentisgreaterthan thatoffluorescentlights,buttheshelflifeisgreaterthanthat of any other artificial lighting source. When compared to fluorescentandotherilluminationsources,LEDlightshavea lower life cycle environmental impact. Most fluorescent bulbs were found to contain up to 40 mg of mercury, contributingtoenvironmentalpollutionandposingalong term health risk to humans through neuropsychological damage.[7].

Solar panels: Itcansaveupto20%onenergybills. Itissuitableforuseinremoteareas.SimpleSetup(i.e.does not required any wires, cords etc.). No extra space is required, and any home or commercial user can generate theirownelectricity.Itisa free,environmentallyfriendly, andrenewableresourcethatisreadilyavailable.Ithasno



International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072

moving parts and generates energy solely from sunlight. Waterandfuelarenotrequired.[8].

 Grey water system: Greywater treatment technologieshavethepotentialtoplayasignificantrolein future water management and sustainable living. It is a process of water regeneration that uses least amount of freshwaterandproducestheleastamountofeffluent.The treatedwaterisgoodenoughtouseforgardeningpurposes, vehiclewashing,etc.

 Comparison of Green Building and Conventional Building

Table 1: ComparisonofGreenBuildingandConventional Building

Type

Conventional building Green Building

EnergyConsumption High Low

BuildingMaterials Font Eco friendly WasteManagement Less efficient High efficient Indoorenvironment quality Good VeryGood Emission High Low Constructionpractices Normal Sophisticated Waterefficiency Low Veryhigh

Calculations for Conventional Building:

Here for this sustainable residential Building required 35 KWsystemrequired.

1KWgenerates5unitsperday.

Hencefor35KW=35X5=175unitsperday.

Electricity Cost for per day = 175 unit’s X 7 Rs. Per unit = 1225Rs.perDay.

ElectricityCostforamonthwillbe=30X1225=36750Rs. perMonth.

ElectricityCostforayearwillbe=12X36750=441000Rs. perYear.

Hence,fortheLifeof25yearsEnergycostforconventional buildingwillbe, =25X441000=Rs11025000./25Years.

CalculationsforGreenBuilding:

To install 35 KW solar system, plant Initial cost will be as follows:

For 1 KW approx. 70,000 Rs. Costs required (as per GOI, ministryofnewandrenewableenergy).Hencefor35KW= 35X75000=Rs.2450000/

So,ifwecompareconventionalbuildingandgreenbuilding then the cost of electricity is equalized only in 5 years approx.

Calculations for Rainwater harvesting: (all data as per CPWD)

Here,rooftoprainwaterharvestingused.

Totalrooftoparea(m2)=800

Averageannualrainfall(mm)=1228.1

Catchmentrunoffcoefficient=0.85

Coefficientforevaporation,firstflush,etc.=0.80

Effectively harvested water = area(m2) * rainfall(mm) * coefficients =668086.4litre

Usinggreenbuildingapproachingivenplan668086.4litre ofwatercanbesaved.

5. CONCLUSIONS

Finally, we conclude that there are no structures that can operate with zero carbon emissions. However, green buildingisanamazingadditionthatcanreducetheimpactof humanbehavioursonthe environment.Therecyclingand reuseprocessisanessentialcomponentofgreenbuilding. Given the political difficulties of obtaining energy and the likely future scarcity of conventional energy sources, we can'tignorethemassiveconservationthatgreenbuildings enable. Taking everything into consideration, we can concludethatgreenbuildingisconducivetoreducingenergy contribution,savinglandresourcesandwateruse,meeting time requirements, and improving people's quality of life.

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The rating system enables reduction in consumption of energyanduseofappropriaterenewableenergysourcecan helpstomeetalltherequirementsofenergy.Thebenefitsof adoptingtheconceptofNetZeroisgivenbelow

 The improvement of energy efficiency results in reduction of annual energy consumption of about 25% 30%comparewithnationalbaseline.

 Italsomakes effect in reduction of energycost at leastabout30%.

[7] V. Kumar, S. Singla, and R. Garg, “Strength and microstructurecorrelationofbinarycementblendsin presenceofwastemarblepowder,”Mater.TodayProc., vol. 43, Part 2, pp. 857 862, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.073.

[8] R. Garg, R. Garg, and S. Singla, “Experimental InvestigationofElectrochemicalCorrosionandChloride Penetration of Concrete Incorporating Colloidal NanosilicaandSilicaFume,”J.Electrochem.Sci.Technol., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 440 452, 2021, doi: 10.33961/JECST.2020.01788.

[9] Conversionofexistingbuildingintogreenbuilding,Dr. BharatNagar,JagritiGupta,2018.



Theenergystoreddevicecombinedwithrenewable sourceofpowersupply.

 The concept of Net Zero Building increased the daylightandincreasingthecomfortforoccupancies.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very thankful and we wish to express our sincere thanks and gratitude to our esteemed Mentor Md. Nuruzzama who has contributed so much for successful completion of our project by his thoughtful reviews and valuableguidance.

WeareverythankfultoourprojectguideMd.Nuruzzamafor hisconstantsupportandvaluableguidancethroughoutthe trainingperiod.

Next,Iwouldliketotenderoursincerethanksto“Dr.Rishav Garg (Head of Civil Engineering Department) for his co operationandencouragement.

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BIOGRAPHIES

PraveenSingh,pursuingBachelorsof Technology in Galgotias College of EngineeringandTechnology,Greater Noida,UttarPradesh Email 1205praveen@gmail.com

Priya Ranjan Kumar, pursuing BachelorsofTechnologyin Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh

Email priyaranjan.iit25@gmail.com

DeepakSharma,pursuingBachelorsof Technology in Galgotias College of EngineeringandTechnology,Greater Noida,UttarPradesh

Email deepak30official@gmail.com

Md.FaizImam,pursuingBachelorsof Technology in Galgotias College of EngineeringandTechnology,Greater Noida,UttarPradesh

Email fimam93084@gmail.com

AshwaniYadav,pursuingBachelorsof Technology in Galgotias College of EngineeringandTechnology,Greater Noida,UttarPradesh

Email ashwaniyadav8909@gmail.com

Prof. Md. Nuruzzama, Professor in Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh

Email md.nuruzzama@galgotiacollege.edu