A FUSION OF IoT BASED GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072

A FUSION OF IoT BASED GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION

1,2,3,4 UG Students, Department of IT, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Tamilnadu, India.

***

Abstract The objective of this project is to detect the gas leakage through the utilization of IoT technique. Gas leakage is a major problem in the industrial sector, residential premises, etc. Nowadays, home security has become a major issue because of increasing gas leakage. One of the preventive methods to stop accidents associated with the gas leakage is to install a gas leakage detection kit at vulnerable places. The aim of this paper is to propose and discuss a design of a gas leakage detection system that can automatically detect the leakage of gas with the help of MQ 2 sensor and alert the user through buzzer and message. This proposed system also includes some preventive measures like opening the ventilation with the help of servo motor and shutting down of the power using relays.

regions. If there is a leakage of LPG, we willeffortlessly perceiveby usingitsconcentrationthroughthe heating and cooking . As a result a protection primarily based LPG detection system is crucial to provide alertness, protection and protection from any harmful fuel leakage injuries. . The preventive measures to avoid explosion is also taken like opening the windows and shuttingdownofthepower.

2. RELATED WORKS

1. INTRODUCTION

All around the world and in our country, gas is the most effective, efficient, environment friendly fossil fuel for cooking and heating in our homes, restaurants, and many other institutions. And they are known as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Both of them are the novel compositions of hydrocarbon gases. And those mixtures of hydrocarbons are so much flammable, and any mishap of those hydrocarbons is so much perilous. Thesetwotypes ofgases can bedetected by using the gassensorMQ2orMQ4.Inourcountry,mostpeopleinbig cities use natural gas for their cooking purpose. People from rural areas use LPG for their household cooking. .Gas leakage leads to variousaccidents resultinginboth material loss and human injuries. The number of deaths due to explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years.The reason for such explosion is due to substandard cylinders, old valves, worn out regulators and lack of awareness in handling gas cylinders. There are numerous answers for fireplace accidents that agencies continually endorse. Smoke detectors , hearth alarms,hearthextinguishersandsprinklersareexample ofthosegadgets.Liquefiedpetroleumfuelisconstituent of butane and propane gases, which can be distinctly inflammableisnature.TheLPGisanodourlessgasoline and hence the addition Ethanethiol allows it to show case a smell throughout its leakage. An ideal gasoline sensor may be used to feel the leakage of an LPG from cars, industries ,homes and different residential

Hilton Paul, Mohammad Khalid Saifullah, Md. Monirul Kabir proposed a project which aims to help LPG user by notifying on any unnoticed gas emission or leakage accident through alarming them as well as creating opportunities for them to take critical and immediate actions; it will immediately turn on a ventilation system fortheleakedgastopassout.The system includesa GSM module, which makes the user or owner of the place observant by sending a text message on their phones[1].Athish Subramanian, NaveenSelvam,Rajkumar S,R Mahalakshmi , J Ramprabhakar aretheauthorswho discussed about the gas leakage detection system using Iot with Integrated notifications using pushbullet.In this article,GasleakagedetectionsystemusingMQ5gassensor and arduino uno controller is incorporated with a cloud storage for data collection and also used forstoring and analyzing data. Gas leaked is converted from Parts Per Million(PPM)tovoltsthroughthearduinoIDEand results in notifying the user when the threshold limit is crossed,through the internet and also through a buzzer /LED for physical notification[2].Md. Rakibul Islam, Abdul Matin, Md. Saifullah Siddiquee discussed a Real time gas leakage detection and LoRa wireless communication technology based notification systemareaccompaniedby the multistage safety features in the kitchen as well as in thehousehavebeeninauguratedinthispaper.Thebuzzer were activated, thereupon a GPS sensor identified the geographicalpositionoftheaffectedarea, and LoRa client stored the measured data to Ubidots IoT platform, afterword data was sent to the user and police station, and eventually, the main power circuit at home was trippedoff,andthe exhaust fanwasactivatedforavoiding further accidents[3].Gautami G. Shingan, S.V.Sambhare are the authors who discussed about the Smart gas cylinders.In this project it also detects the leakageof gas fromLPGcylinderusinggassensorwhich isverysensitive to detect presence of LPG (composed of mostly butane and propane)[4].Junaidy B. Sanger, Lanny Sitanayah, Vivie

© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

Reshma R1 , Shri Laxmi H S2, Srisandiya S3 , Varsha S4

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net

D.Kumenap are the authors who discussed about the paper, develop a wireless system to detect cigarette smoke, especially each gas component in it.This system utilises Arduino microcontroller and several sensors, including MQ 135 , MQ 2 , MQ 7 and MQ 9 to sense and collect data, which will be transmitted wirelessly to Raspberry Pi &usingan ESP8266 ESP 01 Wi Fi module Then develop three programs: an Arduino program, a Python program for Raspberry Pi,and a Hypertext Preprocessor(PHP) programforthewebserver[5]

3. METHODOLOGY

The system is divided into three parts which are the sensing unit, control unit, and output actuator. For the sensingunit,MQ 2sensorisused.Forthecontrolunit,the maincontrollerthatcontrolstheoperationofthesystemis theNodeMCUwhilethe smartphoneorlaptopisusedasa user interface which displays the gas leakage level ,temperatureandhumidityintheroom,presenceofhuman (output actuator). There are two fire preventing devices installed in this system which are servo motor which is usedforopeningtheventilation,relays whichareusedfor poweroff.

Thesystemoperationwillstartwithinitializationof its functions. The MQ 2 sensor will take some time to self calibrateto get precise data of gas concentration. In the initial stage if the gas level reaches the threshold of 400 to 500 then the buzzergetsonandnotifiestheuser.Ifthe gaslevelreachesbetween500 600messagealertissendto the user. If the level reaches between 600 to 700 then the ventilationwill beopenwiththe assitanceofservomotor. And finally when the threshold reaches above 700 the powerwilloffwiththehelpofrelaysswitch.

The MQ 2 sensor will detect the presence of gas by usingtheanalogI/Opin.Whengasisdetected,theanalog I/Opinwillsenda(High)signaltoNodeMCUandthenthe NodeMCU will send the signal to the IoT platform where the IoT platform will trigger a notification to the IoT application on the user’s smartphone or laptop. In a normal condition, the analof I/O pin will send a (Low) signal to the NodeMCU which indicates there is no presenceofgas.TheanalogI/Opinofthesensorwillsend data to the NodeMCU in the form of voltage and the voltageadditionalinformation.

4. PROCEDURE

4.1 Ardunio UNO

Arduino is an open source electronics platform based on easy to use hardware and software. Arduino boardsareable to readinputs lightonasensor,a finger on a button, ora Twitter message and turn it into an output activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishingsomethingonline.

value:

4.2 Node MCU

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072

Node MCU is used as an interface between the arduinoandthecloud.Itis used as apath forstoring the data in the cloud from arduino.It is an open source platform which can connect objects and let data transfer using the Wi Fiprotocol.

4.3 MQ2 Sensor

MQ2 gas sensor is an electronic sensor used for sensing the concentration of gases in the air such as methane, butane, LPG, smoke. It contains a sensing material whose resistance changes when it comes in contact with the gas. This change in the value of resistanceisusedforthedetectionofgas.

4.4 Humidity and Temperature sensor

Humidityand temperature measurements with DHT11 sensor. The DHT11 sensor which provides calibrated digital outputs for temperature and humidity. The DHT11 sensor usesa proprietary 1 wire protocol which we will be exploring here and implementing with the PIC16F628A microcontroller that will receive the temperature and humidity values from the sensor and displaythemona16×2 characterLCD.

4.5 PIR sensor

Passive infrared (PIR) sensors use a pair of pyroelectric sensors to detect heat energy in the surrounding environment. These two sensors sit beside each other, and when the signal differential between the two sensors changes (if a person enters the room, for example), the sensor will engage. That may mean it triggersanalarmor notifiesauthority.

4.6 Servo Motor

A Servo Motor is a small device that has an output shaft. This shaft can be positioned to specific angular positionsbysendingtheservoacodedsignal.Aslongasthe coded signal exists on the input line, the servo will maintain the angular position of the shaft. If the coded signalchanges,theangularpositionoftheshaftchanges.

4.7 Relays

Arelay is anelectricallyoperatedswitch.Itconsists ofasetofinputterminalsforasingleormultiplecontrol signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any number of contacts in multiple contactformssuchasmakecontactsandbreakcontacts.

International

Volume: 09 Issue: 05

5. BLOCK DIAGRAM

May

 The first part of this project is to design alarm circuit tobe equipped in the prototype. Whenever the presence of gas leakage is detected by the receiver circuit, signals will be sent to the relay circuit. The alarm system will automatically triggered to warnusers oftheleakage.

 Next after the first part, the second part would be the design of the circuit of emergency shutdown valve circuit. The Servo Motor will Open the Windows the source ofgasautomaticallyleakage go out of the room occurs to avoid severe consequencefromthis incident.

6. WORKING

A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a safety system. A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen depletion.Secondstepismake to sending message to user .Additionally If there is a continous leakage, then the windows will be opened using servo motormoreoverpowerwillbeshutdown in the next levelusingrelay.

7. IMPLEMENTATION

The implemented part of the gas detection shown below:

Technology (IRJET)

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072

a)Sensor MQ 2is used to sense the gas or smoke presentintheplacedatmosphere.

b) When the gas reaches its threshold value buzzerbeactivatedtoproducethealertsound.

c) If the gas leakage occurred in constant amount, windows/ doors in the incident spot will be automatically opened using servomotor to avoid increasing pressurein closed room.

d) The power supply will be cutoff using relay mechanismhencetherewillbenochancetoproduce sparkanditwillavoidfiringintheleakagearea.

8. DISCUSSION

Inthismodel,wehavediscussedonlyabouttheindication of gas leakage . This is just the beginning era for the technology.Inthisera,itselfithasreachedthepeak of its’ level and also furtherbeing developed.Lateron,wejust like to enhance this project by adding some specific features such as not only the indicating leakage but also opening of the door, switching off of the electricity. We wouldliketo work onthis so that itmay helpfulfor us tolearn more about prevention offlameable gas leakage.

9. CONCLUSION

In recent households, the use of LPG is taking a big troll. From the use of cylinder up to the use of petroleum pipelines. The biggest threat in using this technology is security and our project will prove to be boom for households and industries. This work has presented a methodology for gas leak detection in environment using the current technology. This system is not expensive and canbeinstalledoneveryvehicleeasily

10. REFERENCES

[1] The official website Petrobangla (government owned national company to explore, produce, transport, manage and sell oil, natural gas and other mineral resourcesofBangladesh, Accessedon Dec.4, 2020.

[2] P. C. Mandal, “Gas Leak Detection in Pipelines & Repairing System of Titas Gas,” Journal of Applied Engineering,vol.2,no.2,February,2014.

[3]A.Agrawal,andL. Kumar, “IoTbasedHazardous Gas Detection System using AVR Microcontroller,” InternationalResearch Journal of EngineeringandTechnology,vol.4,pp.3068, 2017.

[4] M. Newlin, and V. Venkatesa, “IoT Based Smart System for Controlling Co2 Emission,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science,

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net

Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 2, no. 2,2017.

[5] J. Patil, J. Nadagouda, K. Hulloli, S. Harugeri, and S. ankali, “IoT Based Air Pollution Level Monitoring and LPG Cylinder Regulation and Security System,” International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing,vol.7,no.5,pp.12541 1243, May2017.

[6] The official website of the Titas Gas Transmission and Distribution Company of natural gas distributor in Bangladesh, Accessed on Dec.4,2020.

[7] R. K. Kodali , T. Devi , and S. C. Rajanarayanan, “IOTBasedAutomaticLPGGasBookingAndLeakage Detection System,” International Conference on AdvancedComputing(ICAC),Chennai, India2019.

[8] V. Suma , R. R. Shekar , and K. A. Akshay, “Gas Leakage Detection Based on IOT,” International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA), Coimbatore, India, June2019.

[9] V. Naren, and P. Indrajith “Intelligent Gas Leakage Detection System with IoT,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, vol. 7, no. 12, December 2018.

[10] Mahesh, S. Kholgade, Puja, S. Dukare, Minal and P. Mahajan, “LPG Leakage Detection and Control System by Using Microcontroller,” International JournalofResearchinAdventTechnology,April2017.

[11] R. Salmani, and Bonfring “LPG Gas Leakage Detection&controlSystem,”InternationalJournalof Software Engineering and Soft Computing, vol. 6, October2016.

[12] H. H. Yan, and Y. Rahayu, “Design and Developmentof Gas Leakage Monitoring System using Arduino and ZigBee,” International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics,Yogyakarta,Indonesia, August2014.

[13] Akshay, and D. Prabhu, “Gas Leak Detector using Arduino UNO Microcontroller,” International Journal forResearchinAppliedScience&

2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008

e ISSN: 2395 0056

p ISSN: 2395 0072