International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A REVIEW OF THE EXPANDED DIFFIE-HELLMAN ALGORITHM BASED VIRTUAL OPTICAL HOLOGRAPHIC ENCRYPTION SYSTEM Amina Seyyadali S1, Prof. Meril Cyriac2 1 PG
Student, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, LBSITW, Kerala, India Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, LBSITW, Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2
Abstract - Optical encryption is used to secure data in the transport layer of the network as it is carried over optical waves
across fiber-optic cables. The acquisition and processing of holograms with a digital sensor array are called digital holograms. Combining both yields holographic encryption VOHE is a method of encrypting information over a Virtual Optical Holographic Encryption system. It includes a virtual optical system based on digital holography and Fourier lens. The VOHE system provides parameters such as propagation wavelength (λ) and focal length (f) of the Fourier lens which are keys that are used for encryption and decryption processes. This review highlights different optical encryption and decryption methods using different algorithms and reviews digital holograms. Diffie-Hellman and Expanded Diffie-Hellman key exchange were also briefly discussed. Key Words: Optical encryption, Digital Hologram, Fourier lens, Holographic encryption, Diffie-Hellman
1. INTRODUCTION One of the most important challenges in today’s world is data security. A lot of methods have been proposed in the last decades to encrypt data signals to make them more secure and robust. The field of information security has grown and evolved significantly. The vast outspread of the internet and advance in digital techniques have made it possible to copy and edit images, audio, video, and other types of multimedia data. Digital information is exposed to a variety of vulnerabilities including loss, misuse, duplication, and unauthorized usage of information. Optical techniques provide great potential in information security applications. This paper gives a brief comparison between different optical encryption and decryption techniques. This study extends to the performance parameters used in the encryption process and analyzes their security issues. Diffie-Hellman, Expanded Diffie-Hellman, RSA, Expanded RSA, etc., are different algorithms that are used in different techniques for better security during the key exchange process. Since key exchange through the public channel is not secure, the important challenge is to find a better algorithm that provides more security and authentication, which must be efficient, accurate and robust. Topics to be discussed in this review are: Virtual Optical Holographic Encryption System which provides optical holographic encryption using Diffie-Hellman and Expanded DiffieHellman algorithms. One of its applications, the VOHE system for underwater communications is proposed using RSA and ERSA algorithms. Some other optical encryption methods we were going to discuss in this paper include angular multiplexing of multiple images, encryption and decryption of chaotic systems, multi-user encryption and authentication system using joint transform correlation, angle multiplexing of optical image encryption in the Fresnel transform domain using a phase-only computer-generated hologram, etc. The conclusion is drawn based on the efficiency, accuracy and computational complexity of these techniques.
2. REVIEW PART Yang Peng, Tomoyuki Nagase, Oshiki Kanamoto et.al [1] introduced the concept of the Virtual Optical Holographic Encryption [VOHE] System using Expanded Diffie-Hellman [EDH] Algorithm. The propagation wavelength (λ) and focal length (f) of the Fourier lens are used as keys for encryption and decryption processes. Encryption is provided through the EDH-C algorithm. C corresponds to a two-dimensional complex function which makes keys stronger. Pollard’s Rho method, NIST tests, etc., were also performed for security evaluation. NIST test results show that the message that was encrypted by the proposed EDH-C algorithm had higher security than DH in case of the unpredictability and complexity of the transmitted message over an insecure channel.
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