International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Green Hydrogen Production from Renewable Energy Sources Sukrutha T1 Anjana Mohan2 Anoop Thulasi3 1Graduate
Civil Engineer from College of Engineering Vadakara Electronics and Communication Engineer from Muthoot Institute of Technology and Science 3Graduate Electrical and Electronics Engineer from Sree Buddha College of Engineering ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2Graduate
Abstract - Hydrogen plays a vital role in global energy
shipped to markets using existing infrastructure, and that natural gas can be converted into low-carbon hydrogen using SMR and CCS, offers a prospect for natural gasproducing countries [1]. The hydrogen production has a greater potential even in deserts as it can be produced using renewable energy sources. Thus, the countries that rely on fossil fuels for their national revenue benefit from conversion to a hydrogen economy as it offers new economic prospects. It also may assist to create new export opportunities for countries with prosperous renewable energy resources [1]. But every loss may arise during liquefaction stage for shipping of hydrogen. Another alternative is the conversion of hydrogen into other carriers, for example ammonia, methanol and liquid organic hydrogen carriers which may cause significant losses. These losses can be reduced by the utilization of hydrogen at the production site itself to manufacture clean products such as ammonia, methanol, DRI or e-fuels.
1. INTRODUCTION
3. HYDROGEN ENERGY
transition acting as a clean energy carrier. The naturally available hydrogen cannot meet the present demand for cleaner energy sources. Thus, it serves the need to produce hydrogen through chemical processes. It can be obtained from various conventional and non-conventional energy sources. The production hydrogen from conventional energy sources such as fossil fuels and nuclear power results in greenhouse gas emissions. However, hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass and geothermal energy results in zero carbon emission. Currently, countries are relying on renewable energy supplies due it’s availability and low-cost hydrogen supply. This paper discusses the potential of clean hydrogen, methods of production of hydrogen using renewable energy sources such solar, wind and biomass, and benefits and limitations associated with hydrogen production.
The increase in the urgency for greenhouse gas emission and reduce in the cost of hydrogen supply from renewable have contributed to the growth of hydrogen in recent years. It is necessary to ensure low-cost clean hydrogen supply. The various source of production of hydrogen includes fossil fuel-based hydrogen production (grey hydrogen,); fossil fuel-based hydrogen production combined with carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS; blue hydrogen); and hydrogen from renewable (green hydrogen).
The method involves the production of hydrogen through thermochemical process by splitting water in the presence of heat from the solar energy. When the heat alone is used for water splitting it is also called thermolysis. The water molecules can be directly splitted by thermal energy or indirectly with the help of chemicals. The process requires very high temperature to carry out the endothermic reaction. To achieve water decomposition, the temperature needs to be higher than 2000℃ without using any chemicals. Hence chemical reactants or catalyst are used to lower the temperatures. In this case a two-step water splitting cycle take place in which metal oxide is dissociated and later react with water to produce hydrogen. The general cycle consists of two steps: Dissociation: MxOy → MxOy-1 + 1/2 O2 (1)
Hydrogen has the potential of a new commodity that can be utilized in different ways in the market. The green hydrogen can be converted into synthetic natural gas and
Impact Factor value: 7.529
SOLAR
3.1. Thermochemical Process
2. POTENTIAL OF CLEAN HYDROGEN
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FROM
Using the various methods listed below the solar energy is utilized to produce hydrogen.
In the coming years, green hydrogen produced is projected to grow rapidly. Hydrogen production from renewable energy sources is technically viable with low emission rates. Hydrogen can expand the potential growth of renewable energy market and its industrial reach. Electrolyzers can add demand-side flexibility. For example, European countries such as the Netherlands and Germany are facing future electrification limits in end-use sectors that can be overcome with hydrogen [1]. Hydrogen can be used as energy storage in various situations.
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PRODUCTION
Water reduction: MxOy-1 + H2O →MxOy + H2 indicate a metal
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