International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Study on Effect of Fly Ash on Strength Characteristics of Black Cotton Soil Syed Kashif Quadri1, Shaik Rafi Ali2, Mohd Khaled3, Mohd Khaleel Uddin4 Students, Department of Civil Engineering Professor of Civil Engineering ISL Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1, 2, 3 UG
4 Asst
Abstract - Urbanization and growth in the economy of
cities of India have led to the steep increase in the building construction activities and has necessitated the implementation of infrastructure projects such as highways, railways, air strips, water tanks, reclamation etc. These projects invariably require quality earth in massive quantity. In urban areas, borrow earth is not easily available which has to be hauled from a long distance. Quite often, large areas are covered with highly plastic and expansive soil, which is not suitable for such purpose. The wide spread of the black cotton soil in the cities has posed challenges and problems to the construction activities. Therefore this study intends to investigate and improve the engineering properties of the black cotton soils so that, a better understanding is facilitated for the civil engineering practitioners, while dealing with these soils. In this study, fly-ash is used as a stabilizing material to stabilize the expansive soil dealing with engineering characteristics as the parameter for it. Present paper describes a study carried out to check the improvement in the properties of expansive soil with fly-ash in varying percentages. Fly-ash is added in 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and the change in index properties and engineering characteristics is examined. The results of this study are analyzed to illustrate the influence of the treatment of fly ash on the properties of Black Cotton soil. Key Words: Black Cotton Soil, Engineering Properties, FlyAsh, Index Properties
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Fly ash:
Expansive soil: Expansive soils are identified by significant volume changes with changes in moisture content, causing major structural failure and collapse, especially for light structures and pavements constructed on them. Different forms of soils are used in structural engineering structures; however, certain soil formations in their normal states are ideal for building purposes, and others, such as problematic soils, are unsuitable without treatment. Expansive soil is also known as problematic soil [1]. Typically, they are distinguished by a high plasticity, swelling potential and shrinkage potential, and low permeability and strength in wet areas. Due to the above properties, they are volumetrically unstable [2]. For improvement purposes, expansive soil is replaced, or the properties are changed by adding additional material to the soil [3]. As the moisture content increases, volumetric © 2022, IRJET
changes happen to expansive soil; this can be minimized by adding lime, fly ash, bitumen, cement, and other chemicals [4,5]. Expansive soil is considered one of the worst soils for civil construction, as engineers have to pay extra attention during the construction of structures using it. Black cotton soil is composed of fine-grained soil or decomposed rocks that show huge volume changes when subjected to variability in moisture content. Expansive soil shows swellshrink behavior near the ground surface due to the land covered by expansive soil [6,7]. These soils occupy approximately 8.9×10 km2 in India; approximately one-fifth of their surface area covers the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Tamil Nadu [8,9]. Black cotton soil is composed of fine-grained soil or decomposed rocks that show huge volume change when subjected to variability in moisture content; expansive soil shows swell shrink behaviour near the ground surface due to direct contact with variation in seasons and environment [10,11]. Under drying or warm settings, soil moisture content reduces, and overall volume shrinks. The subsequent incremental development of desiccation cracks creates detrimental consequences on expansive soil's mechanical and hydraulic behaviors [12]. Expansive soil consists of hydrophilic minerals, such as Illite and montmorillonite, and is a generally troublesome expansive soil conceived in natural geological processes. Expansive soil is distinguished by shrinkage and expansion[13]. In India, 20 % of the land is covered by expansive soil [6].
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The material, which is the byproduct of the thermal power station and coal industries, was collected from fly ash gases. This is composed of very fine silt particles which are dumped into landfills. The production of fly ash is very high as compared to its consumption in India [14]. Fly ash is a good water absorbent; it can be used to increase the strength of the soil. Fly ash contains macro and micro nutrients that can support agriculture growth; 40 % of fly ash is suitable for agriculture use [15]. Due to urbanization, the demand for power supply increases, resulting in increasing numbers of power plants, which after combustion of coal generates fly ash as a residue [16]. The disposal of ash with safety towards the environment is also important. The utilization of fly ash alternative should be determined. The bulk use of fly ash can be done in geotechnical fields for embankments, retaining walls, soil replacement, etc. [17,18]. Fly ash is now used for ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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