International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Review on Identification of RADAR Range for the Target by using C Band Monika Dharmendrabhai Dodiya1, Rohidas Pawar2, Professor Kirit Bhuva3 1PG
Scholar, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, GTU, Dr. S. & S.S. Ghandhy Government Engineering College, Surat, Gujarat, India 2FPGA design engineer, Bit mapper Integrations Technology Pvt. Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India 2Professor, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, GTU, Dr. S. & S.S. Ghandhy Government Engineering College, Surat, Gujarat, India
-------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------frequency for the estimation of the maximum detectable Abstract– C band is a distinctive type of RADAR (RAdio Detection And Ranging) band technology in which short wavelength electromagnetic waves are being used. The electromagnetic waves are transmitted towards the object called target in order to get the reflection from it and by using that reflected signal, we can determine the range, speed of target along with its direction as well as the angular position of the target. By using C frequency band i.e. from 4 to 8 GHz and the short wavelength (3.75cm to 7.5 cm) the higher range resolution could be achieved. This band provides the benefit of decrease in the size of components like antennas and the processors that analyses the echo signals. This system combines the components such as Transmit & Receive radio frequency components, both the analog and digital (e.g. ADC i.e. Analog to Digital Converter, MCU i.e. Micro Controller Unit, DSPs i.e. Digital Signal Processors, etc.). Integrating DBF (Digital Beam Forming) and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) makes this design more advance and accurate. Power calculation based on cross-section of target and from that the range of the target can be measured. It is knotty to calculate RCS (Radar Cross Section) when it comes to smaller object like UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) because of its size similar to that of background clutter. Power is the crucial factor in the design procedure of radar, so the power calculation become a key parameter. Based on the power, maximum range of the target that could be detected by the radar can be quantified. All these parameters has been covered in this work. Key Words: C band, Radar Cross Section, UAVs, DBF (Digital Beam Forming), MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), Power Calculation, RADAR Range, FMCW Radar.
1. INTRODUCTION
Though the application of MIMO and DBF (Digital Beam Forming) is widespread and popular in the present stateof-art technologies, its proper implementation in RADAR technology is unattended. We can achieve a very high accuracy with the wide area that could be scanned simultaneously. Radar Cross section of the smaller target like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is the main concern for security. In FMCW, maximum power is restricted because of target cross-section and transmission frequency. Based on the transmission power, maximum range of the target can be defined. Only one frequency band could be transmitted at a time in the case of simple FMCW radar. Scanning with conventional method i.e. mechanically or electronically scanning is highly inefficient. Only one beam area is scanned at a time. Angular coverage area and resolution is less because of fixed or mechanically moving antenna. Less accurate with large angle of arrival (AOA). Designing a high frequency FMCW radar that makes the use of multiple antennas at the transmitter as well as receiver side to detect the target at some particular small area. Implementation of digital beam forming to reduce the number of antennas. RCS will be calculated for the different sizes of targets (i.e. Small air crafts and small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)). Power will be calculated for different radar cross section and based on that power level, the maximum distance of the target could be detected. All these measurements will be calculated by using frequency in C band i.e. 4 to 8 GHz. Design will be simulated and tested on MATLAB for different RADAR parameters.
1.1 Letter – Band Nomenclature of RADAR
Radar systems are widely used in various fields to determine range, velocity and angular position of the target. Accuracy is the main concern for the Radar system. Different targets have different cross section and according to that cross section, the reflected power of the target towards radar is different. It is important to measure that reflected power according to the transmit
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range of the target from the radar.
From whole frequency spectrum, there are some particular frequency range that can be used in RADAR technology. That band starts from 3 MHz to several tens of GHz, which contains HF, VHF, UHF, SHF and a portion of EHF frequencies. That Frequency range is divided into several bands having a letter designation for all of them
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