Automation of Railway Gate and Road traffic using Internet of Things (IoT)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Automation of Railway Gate and Road traffic using Internet of Things (IoT)

B. SAI YESWANTH1 , T. NARESH BABU2

1,2Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore ***

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of networked devices that may contain sensors and RFID technologies. These biases are not transportable, and they operate in network contexts using the most advanced communication protocols., such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Stoner Datagram Protocol (UDP), and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). The technology then speaks without the need for human involvement. The purpose of this figure is to give an automatic road crossing regulator that operates road crossings without a gate attendant. This is useful for road crossing operations. This regulator provides road druggies with useful coffers to save time when the gate is stored unrestricted and to reduce accidents typically caused by neglectfulness of road druggies and gate attendants. In addition, fresh modules are more enforced for passenger comfort. Then, passengers need to test the quantum on their Telecel mobile phone on their website in order to make an announcement of their appearance at the resort. Thistoolischeap,real timeandautomatic.

Keywords IR detector, XBee, RF module, 8051 microcontroller, Automatic Railway Gate, Obstacle detection, Railway signal, IRdetector, XBee, RFmodule, 8051microcontroller

I. INTRODUCTION

The road is one of the world's oldest modes of transportation.Itgetsalotofuseforpassengerandcargo transportation. Road is a completely massive community thatconnectsfarflunglocales.Thereareamassivevariety of individuals who calculate upon railroads for his or her every day delivery for longer distances at a less precious tariff. While the road is liable for safety, they'll now no longergenerallystayasimportantaswhattheypretended to do. It is not always generally the fault of the railroads. There may be numerous rudiments bothered in private detrimentcasesspringingupfromextremeormurderous teach injuries because of derailments, vulnerable road crossings, mortal distraction, mechanical failure, etc. Indeed though there are multitudinous present day strategies that save you road injuries, nonetheless there maybelagginginroadsafety.

II.LITERATURE SURVEY

Less digital constructions are built in order to prevent roadaccidents.ThefunctioningofIRdetectors(1)(2)(3) (4)detectstheapproachingofeachother,andasaresult, thegatesareoperated(open/close).Theoperationofan Ultrasonic detector (1) honors any manacle at the song (3).In this system, the IR detectors are located at a distance from the gates and hire stressed out connections among the detectors and the road gate. There are possibilities of disposition of the device that reasons device failure. The application of ultrasonic detectors is not always a green manner of detecting a manacle at the music as it's suitable to hit upon lower particulars that move the road music at that time. This strike has been triumphed over through the use of GSM generation for speaking with the gate. The educate is detected bytheuseofIR detectorsand the data roughly the educate is insinuated to the gate thru GSM service (2). There's every other strike of GSM that can do community issues that make the device failing to talk withthegates.

III. PROPOSED METHOD

The ultrasonic detectors and GSM generation in the proposed system are replaced by an RF transmitter/ receiver brace to detect the approaching train, IR detectors for manacle detection, and XBee transceivers for communicating with the road signal a Microcontroller.

A micro regulator is a circuit or chip that has a processor and other support widgets such as software memory, data memory, I/O anchorages, and a periodic advertisement interface. A microcontroller no longer necessitates the use of external help widgets. The Intel 8051 is the most well known microcontroller ever createdforinternationaluse.

TheproposeddeviceutilizesfourIRsensors 2remaining and a couple of appropriate sensors. Left sensors are to hit upon the presence of the teacher .In the equivalent way Right sensors are utilized to hit upon the takeoff of the instructor. At the point when a fitting voltage is executed to the leads, electrons are equipped for

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recombining with electron openings withinside the gadget,freeingpowerwithinsidethestateofphotons.This effect is known as electroluminescence. The proposed contraptionincorporates2LEDs purpleandyellow.

Liquid Crystal Display

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The managed interface and protocol has become standard for this type of show. The controller's person set consists of 28 lines of ASCII characters and a few symbols. When using an extension driver, the tool can show up to eighty characters. The LCD is solely capable of displaying monochrome textual content and is typically found in fax machines, laser printers, copiers, businessexaminationequipment,networkingequipment likerouters,andgaragedevices.

Fig-1. 8051 schematic Inputs and Outputs

IR Transceiver working

The modules require minimum energy and offer dependable shipping of statistics among devices. The modules perform inside the ISM 2.four GHz frequency bandandarepin for pinwellsuitedwitheveryother

(i) Features:

• Indoor/Urban: as much as 100`(30m)

• Outdoorline of sight:upto300’(90m)

• TransmitPower:1mW(0dBm)

• ReceiverSensitivity: 92dBm

• TXPeakCurrent:45mA(@3.3V)

• RXCurrent:50mA(@3.3V)

• Power downCurrent:<10µA’

(ii) Description Xbee

BaudRate : 9600 to 38400. SerialUARTmode

PacketLength : Variable or Fixed LineofSight : 30+ meters range / 10

With unicast and broadcast conversation guides, XBee modules provide source/vacation spot addressing functions. They direct factor to factor, multipoint to multipoint, peer to peer, and so on. topologies of discussionWhenevertheinstructorshowsuppurpleLED willshineandkeepinginmindthattheteacherwithdraws yellowLEDwillgleam.

LEDbacklightshaveanominalworkingvoltageof5V at full brightness, with fading at lower voltages depending on LED color. Backlights that aren't LEDs usuallydemandhighervoltages.

DC (Direct Current) Motor:

TheoutputofaDCengineoperatingstatuteisbased entirelyonthefactthatwhenacurrent carryingguideis placedinanattractivefield,itstoresmechanicalpower.

Its miles are frequently used in robotics applications for controllingDCmotors,includingArduinoprojects,dueto itslengthandvoltageneed.

V. METHODOLOGY

(i) Working Principle:

OntheL293D,thereareEnablepins.Pin1(leftH bridge) and pin 9 (right H bridge) (proper H bridge). Pin 1 or 9 should be set to HIGH to apply pressure to the relevant motor.Whenbothpins1and9aresettoLOW,themotor withinthecorrespondingsectionwillstopoperating.Pins 2 and 7 on the left, and pins 15 and 10 on the right, are the four input pins for the L293D, as seen in the pin diagram. The rotation of the left entrance pins will be changedtoLOGIC0.

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(ii) LogicTableofL293D

Assuming a motor connected on left side output pins(pin3,6

Fig.3. Data Flow Diagram for Gate Operations and LEDs Operations

Fleming's Left hand Rule determines the direction of mechanical force, while F=BIl Newton determines its magnitude.

I DC Principle of Operation:

Amotorisanelectrical devicethattransforms electrical energy into mechanical energy. "Every time a cutting edgewornconductorispositionedinamagneticfield,it reviews a mechanical force," says the DC motor's operationalprinciple.

The L293D Motor Driver The L293D Motor Driver is a circuit with a motor motive force that is used to power DCvehiclesthatrotateinbothdirections.It'sa16 pinIC thatcancontrolbothhardandfastDCautomobilesatthe sametime.TheL293Drunson5V,thereforean external power supply is required to power the cars, which may beaslargeas10036Vanddrawasmuchas600mA.The L293Dworksattheidea of a regularH bridge, a circuit which permits the excessive voltage to be flown in both directions. In an singal L293D IC there are H bridge circuits that may rotate DC vehicles independently. around on the premise of the inputs supplied on the enterpinsasmotorattheproperhandaspect

Assumeamotorisattachedtotheoutputpinsonthe leftside(pins3,6).

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The Algorithm for opening and closing of the gate is as follows.

Table 1: Logic Table of L293D

Pin2 Pin7 Output

Logic1 Logic0 Clockwisedirection

Logic0 Logic1 Anticlockwise Direction

Logic0 Logic0 Idle[Norotation] [Hi Impedance state]

Logic1 Logic1 Idle[Norotation]

Step 1:Startwiththefirststep.

Step 2: TurnonalloftheIRsensorsaswellastheyellow LEDs.

Step 3: Check the status of the proper IR sensors on a regularbasis.

Step 4: If both right IR sensors are dynamic [train arrival],proceedtostep3

Step 5. Otherwise, proceed to Step 3.Start the engine, which closes the door, and turn on the red LED [vehicle stopsign]whileturningofftheyellowLEDs.

Step 6: Check the status of the left IR sensors on a regularbasis.

Step 7: If both left IR sensors are dynamic [train departure],proceedtoStep8;otherwise,proceedtoStep 6.

Step 8: Disseminate the message to the engine for opening the door. Engine opens the door then Pi switches off the Red LED and turns on yellow LEDs [go signforvehicles].GotoStep3.

The Algorithm for sending the destination station alert message is as follows.

Step 1:Startwiththefirststep.

Step 2: Install an RFID reader [the train comes with an RFIDtag].

Step 3: When a train approaches the RFID reader, it readsthetag'sidandsendsittothemainservervia the RaspberryPi.

Step 4: In light of the RFID number and the date of the excursion,thefocalserverobtainsalltelephonenumbers

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enrolled in this train. Send an emergency message to all phonenumbers.

Step 5: close.

Fig 4. Working procedure of the proposed system

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

(i) Gate side

TheRF transmittersigncodeconstant withinthe train's frontendisdetectedbytheRFreceiver1constantonthe railway gate when it enters into the receiver's sensitive range. When the RF receiver gets the code, it uses the microcontroller to send a controlled signal to the DC motor driving force, which closes the gate. After remaining at the gate, the Object Detecting IR Transceivercircuitisturnedonandbeginsscanningthe track for any hindrance (car). A put off timer is connected to the IR detector to identify the immovable obstruction. If there is an immovable barrier on the track,theIRsensorgeneratesavoltagethatissenttothe microcontroller unit as a manage signal, and it turns on theXBeetransceiveronthegate.

(ii)Signal Side

The microcontroller unit communicates with the XBee transceiver 1 constant on the gate via XBee transceiver 2 on the railway sign. The information is receivedby the XBeetransceiver2 linkedto the railway sign,whichaltersthesign(LED)andalertsthe educator tostop.

The train passes through the crossing if there are no obstacles.AsigncodeissenttotheRFreceiverconstant with the gate by the RF transmitter 2 connected to the train'ssecondstop.Whenthegate'smicrocontrollerunit receives a signal from RF receiver 2, it sends a manipulatorsignaltotheDCmotordrivingforce,andthe gateopens.

Technology (IRJET)

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Fig-5: Nowroadtrafficisingreensignalandtherailway trafficisinredsignal.

Fig-6: Similarly,nownowroadtrafficisinredsignaland therailwaytrafficisingreensignal

Fig 5:Roadtrafficisabouttostartwhilethe .traintrafficisataredsignal

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CONCLUSION

May

We tried to develop a simple yet effective solution for the level crossing in this proposed system, and with the usage of new technologies, this new system can last longer. This planned approach will pave the way for a more efficient upgrading of India's railways. A motion sensor camera can be mounted at a level crossing to maketheproposedsystemmoreeffective,andifthereis no motion at the level crossing, an alert message with photosorVideocaptureofthelevelcrossingcanbesent tothetraindevice.

VIII. REFERENCES

[1] Ahmed Salih Mahdi, Al Zuhairi. Automatic Railway Gate and Crossing Control based Sensors and Microcontroller,IN International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJCTT) Volume 4 Issue 7July 2013.

[2] Hnin Ngwe Yee Pwint, Zaw Myo Tun, Hla Myo Tun. Automatic Railway Gate Control System Using Microcontroller, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research( IJSETR), Volume3,Issue5,May2014.

[3] C.Chellaswamy,SrinidhiSrinivasan,RRameshBabu.A Humanitarian Intelligent Level Crossing Controller Utilizing GPS and GSM, 2014 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference South Asia Satel lite (GHTC SAS) September 26 27, 2014. Trivandrum.

[4] Karthik Krishnamurthi, Monica Bobby, Vidya V, Edwin Baby. Sensor Based Automatic Control Of Railway Gates, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering and Technology (IJARCET)Volume4Issue2,andFebruary2015.

[5] ChandrappaS,Dharmanna L,ShyamaSrivatsaBhatta U V, Sudeeksha Chiploonkar M, Suraksha M N, ThrupthiS,"DesignandDevelopmentofIoTDeviceto Measure Quality of Water", International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science(IJMECS), Vol.9, No.4, pp.50 56, 2017.DOI: 10.5815/ijmecs.2017.04.06.

[6] Chandrappa, Dharmanna Lamani “Segmentation of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Images using Statistical Region Merging Technique for Glaucoma Screening” InternationalJournalofComputerApplications(0975 8887)Volume128 No.10,October2015.

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