International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Seismic Retrofitting of Structures – A Review Sarfaraz Alamgeer Kamal Yezdani1 1Post Graduate Student, Structural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, M.I.T.S. College, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2. LITERATURE REVIEW Abstract - The destruction of life and property due to earthquakes is an unpredictable hazard, which may reach gigantic proportions. It is vital then, to enhance the seismic performance of structures by incorporating appropriate building norms. This review paper has collected works on different retrofitting techniques to show the ways in which available retrofitting solutions may be judiciously used to improve load carrying capacity of the structures.
Singh (2003)- The number of poor seismic-resistant design Buildings and Structures in India is on the substantial rise recently which was evident in the past earthquakes. The solution to the as-built structures is Seismic Retrofitting. The complexity of seismic retrofitting of these R.C. Buildings is even greater due to the composite nature of R.C.C. as material and thus requires proper planning and strategies for implementation. The behavior of these structures depends on the placement and detail of the members just as much as the reinforcement and size of these members. In association with the aforementioned issues, the poor workmanship and execution quality of Indian Construction makes seismic retrofitting an even more challenging task. Thus, a procedure has been laid out for such works:
Key Words: Shear wall, reinforced concrete, Seismic Retrofitting, Retrofitted, Bonding and beam-column, STAAD. Pro v8i.
1. INTRODUCTION Seismic Retrofitting is the upgradation of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic loading, ground motion, or failure of soils due to seismic activities such as earthquakes. This purpose is fulfilled by the implementation of various strategies like reduction in the seismic demands on members and structures as a whole, or by improving upon members’ stiffness capacities, ductility, overall strength, etc. The decision of which strategy to implement in the end resides on the availability of the materials in immediate vicinities, cost considerations, technologies used, project deadline, and ultimately architectural, aesthetic, and functional limitations. Seismic Rehabilitation Schemes can be implemented on both global (Complete Structural Retrofitting Projects) and local (member wrappings) levels depending on the scope of the job. Global, also called Structural Level retrofit methods are diverse and include conventional methods (which improve the seismic resistance of existing structures) and novel methods (which reduce the seismic demand of the structure). Of all these, Jacketing is still the most prevalent method of retrofitting that is used via the following techniques:
Specifying Goals and required performance level of the Structure with accurate Seismic Hazard estimation. Systematic visual inspection with a proper understanding of available floor and structural plans and associated documents. In situ investigations regarding strength parameters and recreation of floor plans and structural plans as per built structure. Identification of deficiencies and their plans for further probing. Comprehensive evaluation of loss of strength, and ductility in the structure Detailed design of Seismic Retrofitting scheme which is based on evaluated deficiencies Analysis and evaluation of the retrofitted building. Jain (2002)- Pushover Analysis – A modern element of Building Design and Seismic Analysis of as-built Buildings is utilized to develop effective strategies of seismic retrofitting has been discussed in this paper. It further accentuates how this tool is effective in determining efficient seismic retrofitting techniques.
Jacketing by confining members with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) such as carbon fibers, aramid fibers, and glass fiber reinforced composites. Jacketing by confining with external steel cages and concrete. Jacketing with ferrocement.
Lakshmanan D (2006)- This paper conducts pushover analysis on Structures using SAP2000. It also evaluates the improvement in Seismic performance of these RCC Buildings as per the various retrofitting strategies.
In contrast to the aforementioned, rehabilitation via the introduction of shear walls has considerably expanded the horizons of effective structural retrofitting.
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