International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Effect of CuO nanoparticles on Tribological Properties of Lubricating Oil Harshal Kumar Tare1, Amit Suhane2 1 M.Tech.
Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal, M.P. Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal, M.P. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2Assistant
Abstract Nanolubricants is an emerging area in the field of
tribology it has been found in recent researches that nanoparticles of Copper Oxide (CuO) improves the anti-wear and thermophysical properties of base oil significantly. This review gives basic understanding about Copper Oxide nanoparticle’s influence on the anti-wear and thermophysical properties of base oil.
nanoparticles with palm kernel oil based nanolubricant , when tested on pin-on-disc tribometer gives reduction of 48% in wear and 56% in COF[6] When it was studied with synthetic oil and vegetable oil it was found that CuO nanoparticles dispersed in synthetic oil reduces more wear comparatively to vegetable oil[7]. CuO performs well with water based lubricant also , it gives COF reduction 69.2% and wear around 55.1% [8].
Key Words: Tribology, Nanolubricants, Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
1.2 Influence on Thermophysical Properties CuO nanoparticles also influences the thermophysical properties like thermal conductivity, viscosity, flash point and pour point, Table 2. summarizes the various thermophysical properties evaluated by different researchers. The effect of CuO nanoparticles on these properties are discussed below:
1. INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles of Copper Oxide (CuO) when mixed with base oil i.e. mineral oil, vegetable oil, synthetic oil results in nano lubricant. Nano-lubricant has been area of interest of many in the last couple of decades. It has been found that nanolubricants have immense potential over the lubricants without nanoparticle. Many researchers have found significant change in properties of base oil with the addition of nanoparticles like increase in anti-wear, anti-friction, thermal conductivity, viscosity, flash point and pour point. Usually to increase the stability of nano-particles, surfactants like sodium dodecyl sulphate, oleic acid, triton x-100 etc. are used[1]
1.2.1 Thermal Conductivity One of the most important function of lubricants is to dissipate heat, higher the thermal conductivity greater amount of heat can be transferred. The thermal conductivity of Al2O3 and CuO mixed nanofluid increases with decrease in particle size and increase in concentration [9]. The addition of 0.1% of CuO increases thermal conductivity by 3%[10]
1.1 Influence on Tribological Properties
1.2.2 Viscosity
In the last couple of decades many research work has been carried out to determine the influence of nanoparticles on tribological properties. This section deals with the review of Copper Oxide (CuO) nanoparticles on tribological properties of lubricating oil. The review is based on the past research, which is summarized on Table 1. In most of the reviewed research work the CuO nanoparticle is dispersed with Oleic Acid (OA) and then kept under ultrasonic probe to increase the stability of nanoparticles[2].After this to determine tribological properties, tribometer is used under varying parameters like concentration of nanoparticle, load, speed, and temperature.
The viscosity is the most important property of any lubricant, the effectiveness of lubricant depends on this. It is observed that with the increase in concentration increases viscosity[11]. The experimentation with CuO found that viscosity increases three times with gear oil[12]. At 2% concentration viscosity increases to 150 cP to 180 cP[13]. 1.2.3 Specific Heat This is also a property which plays important role in heat dissipation apart from thermal conductivity. Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles (100 nm) increases the heat capacity of engine oil with increase in temperature [14].
CuO when mixed with castor oil performs better than copper oxide with mineral oil, it improves anti-wear property and anti-friction, around 28.3 % reduction in WSD and 34.6 % COF with castor oil whereas 22.2 % and 17.3 % with mineral oil[3]. When compared to Al2O3, CuO performs better and reduces wear upto 18% and COF 14%[4] CuO performs well with engine oil also it was concluded it can reduce coefficient of friction upto 50 % in the mixed lubricant regime[5]. CuO
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1.2.4 Flash Point and Pour Point When Cuo used as nanoparticle, pour point is the lowest temperature at which oil stops flowing and thus become important for low temperature application areas. It is observed that the flash point has a direct relationship with nano-additive concentration with maximum flashpoint
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